
Class 



Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 




Hudson River Route. 



New Tori to f est Point, CatsHU Mountains, Saratoga, 

LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, ADIRONDACKS, 
MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. 



'W^~^^= 




Ta i N T O R B FIOT H E R S & C O, -- 

ittipUtae 1 8 <& 2 O As tor Place, NewVoiate 



THE 



Massachusetts Mutual 

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 

OF 

SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 



INCORPORATED 1851. 



Total Assets, January 1st, 1887, . . $8,554,065.32 

Total Liabilities, " " " . . . 7,897,300 .96 

Surplus by Massachusetts Standard, .... $656,764.36 

Surplus by New York Standard (about) . . . 1,192,000.00 

Number of Policies issued in 1886, 2,()28, insuring . 8,064,390.00 

Number of Policies in force Dec. 31, i886,16,537, insuring 41, 246, 538. 00 

/J::HE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- 
^^ ANCE COMPANY, of Springfield, is one of the 
oldest in the United States. 

It was incorporated in the year 18S1 by the State 
of Massachusetts, -which was the first in the Union 
to inaugurate an "Insurance Department," thus 
instituting State supervision over its companies. 

It was also the first State to legislate concerning 
the forfeiture of policies of life insurance; its fannous 
non-forfeiture law was passed in 1861 and amended 
in 1880. By the recent act of 1887, life insurance leg- 
islation has reached a degree of perfection hereto- 
fore unknown. 

THIS Law requires that all policies issued by THE 
MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE 
COMPANY shall be non-forfeitable after the pay- 
ment of two annual premiums, without any further 
stipulation or act. This makes the aniount of paid- 
up insurance to which the policyholder may be 
entitled, under any circumstances, absolutely guar- 
anteed. He may forget his policy, but his policy will 
never forget him. Also, that after the paynnent of 
two annual premiums, the insured may, on any 
subsequent anniversary of the date of issue of said 
policy, surrender the same, and claim and recover 
from the Company its "Surrender Value in Cash." 
Said Cash Value is fixed by the law itself and cannot 
be changed. 

M. V. B. EDGERLY, President. JOHN A. HALL, Secretary. 
HENRY S. LEE, Vice-President. OSCAR B. IRELAND, Actuary. 



THE 



Hudson River Route. 

NEW YOEK 



WEST POINT, CATSKILL 5I0UNTAINS, AJLBANY, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE 

CHAMPLAIN, ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, 

MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. 



DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF CITIES, VILLAGES, STATIONS, 

SCENERY, AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG 

THE ROUTE. 



ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. 



Copyright, 1887, by 
Taintoe Bboihers & Ca 



, J'^L 2Q 1887 >/ 



NEW YORK: 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 

18 & 20 ASTOR PLACE. 

1887. 








Kemedy known as S. S. S. is entirely vegetable. Above cut rep- 
resents the original mode of manufacturing it in 1840 



I have taken with great benefit S. S. S. for a clear nase of Eczema. The eruption 
has entirely disappeared, and I am well. Rev. W. J. Robinson, Atlanta, Ga, 

I have taken Swift's Specific for Rheumatism, and found perffict relief. It also re- ( 
lieved mR of Dyspepsia, from which I had suffered for years. I believe, when duly ap- _.- 
preciated as a Tonic aniJ Blood Puriier, tha,t Swifts Specific will become a household/ 
remedy. D. P. Hill, Atlanta, Ga.. Nov. 18, 1882. 

For years I have been the victim of catarrh. After exhausting all the remedies that 
came to my knowledge I was determined to give S S. s. a fair trial. To my surprise I 
have been thoroughly cured. If it had not been for S. S. S. I would not be -ible to write 
even this much. L. S. Wassum. 

Gettysburg, Ohio, January 14, 18B4. 

I have suffered with scrofula for thirty years, and plagued with erysipelas of the face 
and head. I tried everything that medical skill could suggest, but found no relief. At 
the suggestion of Dr. U W- Parker I took Swift's Specific. 1 have .so much improved 
that ray bfst friends hardly know me. It is a wonderful medicine. It has restored my lit- 
tle boy, Willie White, to perfect health. MBS. J. J. WHITE. 

Bremen, (^a , March 2, 1885. 

I w s afflicted with a terrible case of blood noison for about thirteen months. I was 
treated by the best physicians, and used Vd'':ous kinds of remedies, but received no sub- 
stantial relief. I finally tried the Swift Specific, and about four bottles cured me sound 
and well. D.B.ADAMS. 

Union, S. C, June 24, 1886. 

Gentlemen— It is due you to say that I think 1 am entirely well of eczema after hav- 
ing taken Swift's Specific. I have been troubled with it very little in my face since last 
spring. At the beginning of cold weather 1 .st fall it made a slight appearance, but 
went away and has never returned. S. S S. no doul t broke it up; at least it put my 
system in good condition and I got well. It also benefitted my wife greatly in case of 
sick headache, and made a perfect cure of a breaking out of my little three-year-old 
daughter last summer. Rev. Jas. V. M. Mobhis. I 

Watkinsville, Ga., Feb. 13, 1886. 

I hid for thirty-eight years suffered evey spring and summer with poison oak. 

which I contracted in bathing, when a boy. I tried everything for it. includmg many j 

physicians, but without any benefit. I took six bottles of Swift's Specific (S. b. S.)four i 

years ago. and it cured me sound and well. Three summers have passed and I have had ! 

no return of it. Joseph Beaslx, Columbus, Ga. |: 



INDEX. 



Adirondack Mountains .115 

Adirondack R. R 84 

Acra 59 

Albany 63 

Albany Junction 70 

Albany Rural Cemetery. . . 69 

Andre and Arnold 29 

Athens 60 

Au Sable Chasm no 

Ballston Spa 76 

Barnt gat 4.6 

Barrytown 50 

Batisean 128 

Big Indian 56 

Boiseville 56 

Bolton 102 

Brosseaus 123 

Burlington 109 

Cairo 59 

Caconna 134 

Caldwell 100 

Captm-e of Stony Point. ... 34 

Carmansville 21 

Castleton, N. Y 62 

Castleton, Vt 90 

Catskill 52 

Catskill Mountains 54 

Catskill Mountain House. . . 57 

Clarendon Springs 92 

Coeyinan's 61 

Cohoes 69 

Cold Spiing , 40 

Columbiaville 60 

Comstock's Landing 89 

Cornwall Landing 41 

Coxsackie 61 

Cranston's Landing 16-37 

Croton Point 32 

Crown Point 107 

Day Line Steamers. ... 9 

Del. & Hud. Canal Co'sR.R. 67 

Dobb's Ferry 26 

Dunham's llasin 89 

East Windham 59 

Essex loS 

Fairhaven 90 

Fishkill Landing 42 

Fort Ann 8q 



Fort Clinton. . . 36 

Fort Edward 88 

Fort Lee 22 

Fort Montgomery 36 

Fort Ticonderoga 105 

Fort Wasliingtoii 21 

Fort William Henry Hotel. 98 

Fox Hollow 56 

Freehold ^g 

Gansevoort 88 

Garrison 35 

German town 51 

Glen's Falls ... 05 

Grand Hotel 57 

Grand Ligne 123 

Grand Trunk R.R 122 

Greenbush 62 

Green Island '; 3 

Hadley 84 

Hastings 215 

Haverstraw 33 

Holioken 20 

Hudson 60 

Hudson River 5 

Hunter (jg 

Hyde Park 47 

Hydeville 90 

Irvjngton 27 

Jersey City 20 

Jessup's Landing 84 

Jewett's Heights 55 

Kaaterskill Hotel 58 

Kingston 49 

Kmgs_ 84 

Laeadie 123 

LacoUe 123 

Lake Champlain 106 

Lake Champlain Route .... 104 

Lake George 96 

Lake George Route, } „ 

Via Adiruiidai^k Railroad. ( • "» 

Lake George Route, I 

Via Gleii's Falls. ^^ • 94 

Laurel House 57 

Lexington 59 

Low Point 45 

M.inhattanville 21 

Marlborough 45 



Meclianicsville 73 

Muldletown Healing Springs 93 

Milton Ferry 4^ 

Montreal ^24 

Mt. Pleasant 5° 

New Baltimore 61 

Newbuii;H 43 

New Hamburg 45 

New Paltz 47 

North Creek 87 

Nyack 3' 

Overlook Mt. House 55 

Palisades Mt. House 2\. 

Palenville 5^ 

Peeksville 35 

Phoenicia 5° 



Piermont . 



26 

Pine Hill 57 

Plattsburgh ..... I12 

Poughkeepsie 46 

Port Ewen 49 

Port Henry I07 

Port Kent I'O 

Prattsville. 59 

Quebec 129 

Khinebeck 4^ 

Riverdale 24 

Riverside 87 

Rondout 49 

Round Lake Station 74 

Rouse's Point 122 

Rutland 9' 

St. Lambert 123 

St. Johns 123 

Sandy Hill 94 

Saratoga Springs 5^2 

Saugerties 5* 



Schenectady 80 

Schodac " ' 

Shandaken . . . ■ 5^ 

Shokan 55 

Sing Sing 3» 

Smith's Basin 09 

Sorel 127 

South Corinth 84 

Spuyten Duyvil 23 

Staatsburs; 4^ 

Stony Point 33 

Stottsville 123 

Stuyvesant 01 

Summit Station 57 

Tannersviile 5^ 

Tarrytown 28 

Teller's Point 31 

The Glen ^'/ 

Three Rivers 127 

Tivoli 50 

Thurman ^7 

Tremper House 56 

Troy 71 

U. S. Military Academy 3S 

Verplanck's Point 33 

Waterford 70 

Weekawken 20 

West Hurley 55 

West Kill 59 

West Point 37 

West port 108 

West Rutland 9^ 

West Troy 69 

Whitehall 9° 

Windham 59 

Vonkers 25 




4^ >-L / 







^R 









THE AMERICAN, 

BOSTON. 

OENTRAL LOCATION. PERFECT VENTILATION". 

UNEXCEPTIONABLE TABLE. 



PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE 

FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. 



SIX STAIRWAYS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. 



"With every security against fire. 



Rooms 
with Meals, 



Rooms 
only. 



$3.00 PER DAY ] 

and. up"NA^ards. 



$1.00 PER DAY 

and up"wards. 



J 



According 

to Size 

and 

Location. 



THE NEAREST FIRST CLASS HOTEL 

TO NORTHERN AND EASTERN DEPOTS, 

" It is one of the most attractive and best managed of New Ens-land 
Hotels."— A'. Y. Mail. ^ 



HENRY B. RICE & CO. 



Hanover, 
near Washington St. 



The Full Principal Sum ■will be paid in case 
of loss of both feet, both hands, a baud and a foot, or 
the entire sight of both eyes, by accident. 



iPririFNTQ ^^"^ always happening to those who 



Atbiui.iii«7 "Don't TraveL"Much" as weU as to 
those who do. The quietest 

PROFESSIONAL ♦^AND^BUSINESS•^MEN 

are as liable as any others to the thousand hazards of 
life, at home or abroad. 

"Moral: Insure in The travelers." 




Trayelers 



:s>n 




ACCIDENT 

COIVIPANY 



^^T^:^ 1 Insurance 

CONVA^ j gOMPANY . 

'~^ of america, 
Largest in the World; 
Also, Best of Life Companies. 

ACCIDENT POLICIECilva°^Skfor sport'"" '° 

RFQT I IFF Pni IPY in tlie Market.' Indefeasible, 
DLOI Uiru rULIUI N^^n-Forfeitable, World-Wide. 

PJLXD FOZICY-nOLrtEBS $13,500,000. 

All Claims pnid withnu* J)iseonnt, and immcdiatelif 
on receipt of ant is factory froofs, 

Jlssefs, 99, f If, 000. Surplus, $2,129,000. 

3. G. BATTERSON, Pres. BODNET DENNIS, Sec. 



One-thir<l tlie Principal Sum will be paid 

for loss of a single hand or foot. 







^^ 

















;riWlil^^r1;!^i]p^fef^ ^^«^^v^- .^^'^jn; 




THE HUDSON RIVER. 



AMONG the thousand streams which drain the great Atlan- 
tic slope of North America, none is more attractive than 
the noble river at whose mouth stands the Empire City of the 
Western World. The European visiting America can have no bet- 
ter introduction to the Western Continent than that which is 
ailorded by a voyage up the Hudson ; and travelers generally 
will find that the river forms naturally the first stage of any ex- 
tended pleasure-tour through the Northern and Eastern States. 

Scenery so charming as that of this beautiful river affords a 
delightful change from the glaring walls and pavements of New 
York. Before the limits of the metropolis are passed the eye ia 
charmed by the green wooded hills of Westchester Counijy on the 
one hand, and by the frowning precipices of the Palisades on 
the other — a contrast the like of which cannot be found so near 
any other of the world's great capitals. For twenty miles this 
mighty dyke of basaltic trap-rock shuts off the western sky, then 
suddenly disappears, and the view opens upon the rolling hills of 
Rockland County and the blue outline of the distant Ramipo 
Mountains ; while on the east bank are thriving towns and ele- 
gant country-seats in almost continuous succession. Here, too, 
the river widens to the dimensions of a lake, which stretches its 
beautiful expanse nearly to the magnificent southern portal of 
the Highlands; when it suddenly contracts to a channel half a 
mile in width, overhung by the scarred and rugged crags of the 
Donderberg and Anthony's Nose. For a score of miles above, 
the river winds amid the grand and ruLTged mountains of " The 
Highlands," at whose northern limit another portal opens, 
through which the swift steamer glides to new scenes of beauty 



HUDSON EIVEE ROUTE. 

beyond. Above the Highlands the banks continue high and In 
some places precipitous, opening now and then as if to alfor<i 
glimpses of the charming country on either side, until some 
thirty miles more have been passed when the banks become still 
less abrupt, and the lofty range of the Catskill Mountains is 
seen to the westward. 

The Remote Sources of the Hudson are among the highest 
peaks of the Adirondack Mountains, -4,000 feet above tide-water. 
Its numerous upper bi'anches unite in the neighborhood of Fort 
Edward, 180 miles from the ocean, and thence follow a southerly 
course, broken by numerous falls and rapids, to Troy, where it 
meets tide-water. The remaining 150 miles are navigable by 
large steamers and coasting craft. Ships can ascend to Hudson. 
The principal tributaries are the Mohawk and Hoosick rivers, the 
former rising in the central part of New York, and the latter in 
Southern Vermont, both joining the Hudson near Troy, below 
which city the tributaries, though numerous, are small, none of 
them being navigable for more than two miles. 

The mountain-ranges through or near which the Hudson passes 
are part of the Appalachian system. The Highlands are a con- 
tinuation of the Blue Ridge, which, after crossing Pennsylvania 
and New York, ends in the Green Mountains of Vermont and 
New Hampshire. The Catsbergs and Hilderbergs are continua- 
tians of the westward ranges of the Alleghanies. The mean rise 
and fall of the tide at New York is about five feet, and at Albany 
two and a half feet. 

The Commerce of the Hudson River, during the season when 
it is not obstructed by ice, is extensive and constantly increasing. 
It is the natural outlet for lumber from the vast forests of the 
North. This is floated down the main stream and its branches 
during the high water of early spring, and several millions of feet 
are every year brought to market in this manner. The Delaware 
and Hudson Canal brings vast quantities of coal from Pennsylva- 
nia, and kepps numerous barges constantly plying between its 
junction with the river at Rondout and the various cities reached 
by water from that point. The Erie Canal, connecting the Great 
Lakes with the ocean, through the Hudson River, affords means 
of transportation for VVestf'rii iiroduce and for the manufactured 



HUDSON BIVT5R ROUTE. 

goods of the East. The immense "tows " of canal boats ascend- 
ing and descending the river form an important and interesting 
feature of its comiiiercial life. Quarries of various kinds of stone, 
valuable for building, paving, flagging, etc. , are found at various 
points on and near the river ; and in Ulster County water lime- 
Btoue, making the best cement, is found in inexhaustible quanti- 
ties. In the vicinity of Haverstraw, are extensive beds of clay 
which give employment to thousands of brick makers, whose 
kilns are seen for miles along the river bank. Manufactories, 
foundries, machine-shops, ship yards, and agricultural products 
unite to swell the numbers of every sort of vessel suitable for 
navigating these waters, and the fisheries afford employment and 
support to many men. During the winter, many thousand tons 
of ice are stored for domestic use and for exportation. 

In History the river assumes a prominent place in the annals 
of the country. In September, 1G09, when Hendrick Hudson 
sailed through the Narrows, and anchored his vessel, the "Half- 
Moon," in New York Bay, the shores were covered with a mag- 
nificent forest, unbroken save by natural meadows, or by the 
villages of Indians. The beautiful bay and river, now one of the 
busiest scenes of commercial activity in the world, were withouf 
signs of human life, except the few canoes of the natives ; and 
Manhattan Island with its dense population of a million souls, its 
splendid streets and buildings, and its proud commercial position 
as the Metropolis of the Western Continent, was a hilly, thickly 
wooded island, inhabited by a fierce and warlike race of savages. 
Hendrick Hudson wa3 sent out by the Dutch East India Com 
pany to search for a northwest passage to India, a problem which 
tempts explorers even in our own day ; and when he looked up 
the long line of the Palisades and noted the strong ebb and flow 
of the tidal currents at the mouth of the river, he thought his 
object gained. Accordingly, he sailed up the river, viewing, with 
wonder and delight, the magnificent scenery, and observing the 
natural wealth of the country, until, on September 21, having 
reached the present site of Albany, he became convinced that he 
was following a river, and not a strait. He was everywhere re- 
ceived with great friendliness by the Indians; but when return- 
ing to the ocean, Hudson's mnf^ shot an Indian for stealing, 



HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. 

wMcn caused an immediate collision, and several natives were 
killed. Hudson returned to Europe, and in consequence of bis 
reports, trading vessels were soon sent out, and after a few years 
of traffic in furs, a settlement was made in 1614, on the southern 
l^oint of Manhattan Island. During the Eevolutionary War, the 
Hudson was the scene of constant activity on the part of both 
armies. Washington early perceived the strategic imjjortance of 
the river and its dependencies, and used every means to retain 
possession. The British, however, in 1776, wrested Manhattan 
Island from our then inexperienced troops, and retained it during 
the war. They were unable to effect a permanent lodgment 
above the island, although they made several siacoessful raids up 
the river, once as far as Kingston. Fortifications were erected at 
various commanding ijoints along the river. 

The connections by rail from points on the Hudson River are 
of great importance to the Northern tourist. From New York, 
the New York Central & Hudson Elver, Harlem, and New York, 
New Haven & Hartford Railroads, and numerous steamboats run 
to the north and east, connecting with the principal routes all 
over New York, New England and Canada. From Jersey City 
the Philadelphia & Reading, the Pennsylvania, the New York, 
Lake Erie and Western R. R's, and from Hoboken the Delaware, 
Lackawanna & Western lead to the great West and South. From 
Weehawken the New York, West Shore and Buffalo R. R. runs 
west of the Hudson to Albany and through central New York to 
Buffalo, connecting for the West. From Nyack, the Northern 
Railroad of New Jersey runs to Jersey City, via the Hackensack 
Valley. Haverstraw is the terminus of the New Jersey & New 
York R. R., and the New York, West Shore & Buffalo comes to 
the river here first after leaving Weehawken, N. J., and follows 
the west bank of the Hudson from this point to Albany. At 
Cornwall the N. Y., Ontario & Western R. R. diverges to the 
northwest through Central New York to Oswego, its terminus on 
Lake Ontario. At Newburg a branch of the Erie Railway toiiches 
the river, and nearly opposite, the New York & New England 
R. R. has its western terminus connected with Newburg by steam 
ferry. At Rondout, the Wallkill Valley Branch of the New York. 
West Shore & Buffalo roads run southwestward through the 
beautiful mountain region to Goshco, N Y., on the Erie R. R., 



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And CONNECTIONS. 



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HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

and the Ulster & Delaware Railway runs northwest through 
the Catskill Mountains to Stamford, N. Y., and has branches 
running to Kaaterskill House and Hunter, on the top of the Cat- 
skills. At Rhinebeck, nearly opposite, is the western terminus 
of the Hartford & Connecticut Western Railroad. At Catskill, the 
Catskill Mountain R. R. conveys passengers to the base of the 
eastern Catskill Mountains, whence stages convey to the moun- 
tain hotels. At Hudson is the Hudson & Chatham branch of the 
Boston & Albany Railroad. From Albany the New York Central 
R. R. runs through Central New York to the great West, the Del- 
aware & Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad to Saratoga, Adirondacks, 
Montreal and the North, and to the southwest to Binghamton 
and the State of Pennsylvania, leading, with their connections, 
to every point of the Empire State. The Boston & Albany R. 
R. conveys passengers from Albany to Pittsfield, Springfield, 
Boston and points east. From Troy the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel 
& Western R. R. runs to Hoosac Tunnel, Boston and the East; 
the Central Vermont R. R. to points in Vermont and Canada, and 
the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. to Saratoga, Lake 
George, Adirondacks and Canada. 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

LINES OF TRAVEL ON THE HUDSON. 
THE DAY LINE OF STEAMERS 
Plying between New York and Albany possesses attractions and 
advantag-s which are seldom combined in one route of equal 
length. The whole distance is most remarkable for the beauty 
of its scenery, and for the evidences of commercial prosperity 
which greet the eye on every hand. 

The steamboats of this line — the well-known Albany and the 
New York — are probably the swiftest steamboats in the world. 
Bailt especially to meet the requirements of summer traveleis on 
the Hudson River, those boats combine qualities of speed and 
comfort with facilities for viewing the glorious scenery of this 
world-renowned river. Ample retiring-rooms are provided for 
ladies or invalids, and the decks are very broad and open, so 
that an unobstructed view of the scenery may be obtained from 
almost any part of the boat. Spacious and well ventilated 
dining-saloons enable the traveler to dine in comfort and luxury. 

The Albany is a departure from the conventional Hudson 
River steamer in essential particulars, tafcmost radically so in the 
fact that her long, gracefully curving hull is constructed wLoliy 
of iron, and is as fine a piece of work as ever left ship yard. It 
was built by Harlan & HoUingsworth, of Wilmington, Delaware. 
The largest steamer thus far built for day service, her length is 
295 feet, and her width 40 feet, or 75 feet at the widest point, 
including the wheel-houses. The engine— a ponderous one, with 
a 73-inch cylinder and a 12-foot stroke — works almost noiselessly, 
and the vessel moves without the least perceptible tremor. The 
three boilers are 33 feet long and 8 feet 10 inches diameter. 
They are placed athwartship. below deck, and each has its own 
smoke stack. This new feature of three smoke stacks gives the 
boat a peculiar appearance that distinguishes these dny line 
steamers from all others on the river. The walls are of com- 
bined mahogany, ash and maple, with an abundance of carved 
work ; and there are eight lari;e private parlors for the use of 
parties, families, bridal excursions, or persons traveling with 
invalids. The dining-room is on the main deck, thus affording 
th« tourist an opportunity of dining while enjoying the beautiful 

9 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE, 

scenery of the river. The only gangway is amidships, so that 
passengers need not be confused as 'which end the boat wili 
land at." It is so divided that the baggage can bo handled while 
the passengers are landing. The hurricane deck i.^ arranged with 
seats and affords space for promenades. There aie ample accom- 
molations ou the three floors, including the upper deck, for at 
l;ast 2,00J passengers. The Albany can safely carry more passen- 
!,'er8 than any other day ste imboat running on the Hudson. Her 
draught of water is nearly a foot less than that of a wooden hull 
of equal dimensions. The Albany is probably the fastest steam- 
boat afloat. On her trial trip she ran from Yonkers to New 
York, 16 miles, in 37 minutes and 30 seconds. She can easily 
run 25 miles an hour. The New York is fifteen leet longer than 
the Albany. Her hull is constructed wholly of steel and she is 
modeled after the Albany, of which she is a counterpart, excei^t 
in dimensions. On these steamers the traveler will find every- 
thing for his convenience, and he could not be any more comforta- 
ble in hfs own home than on one of thtsa beautiful steamers. 
■ The.'se steamers leave Pier 39. North River, foot of Vestry 
Street, New York, at 8:40 o'clock a. m., and foot of "West 22d 
Street, at 9 a. m., arriving at Albany at C o'clock p. m. Returning 
they leave the foot of Hamilton Street, Albany, at 8:30 o'clock 
A. M., arriving at New York at 5:30 p. m. Toreach the foot of Ves- 
try Street, New York, by horse-cars or Elevated railways, take 
any of the lines running north and south to Grand Street, thence 
take the Grand 3treet cross-town line of horse-cars to the foot 
of Desbrosses Street, one block north of the Pier. To reach the 
foot of 22d Street, North River, take any north and south line of 
horse-cars or Elevated railways, and get off at 23d Street, whence 
the 23d Street line will take you to foot of West 23d Street, one 
block from the landing. 

At Rhinebeck passengers for the Overlook Mountain House 
and the Southern Catskills leave the steamers and cross the river 
by ferry-boat to Rondout, where they take the Ulster and Dela- 
ware Railroad. Those wishing to reach Lake Mohonk take the 
Wallkill Valley Railroad. 

At Albany connections are made for Saratoga, Lake George and 
points on the Delaware and Hudson C:inal C x's R. R., and New 
York Central, and New York, West Shore and Buffalo R. R.'s, and 
Boston and Albany R. R. 

10 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

THE PEOPLE'S LINE OF STEAMERS. 

It is the first class evening line of the Hudson River. It runs 
from Pier 41, old number, North River, foot of Canal Street, 
New York, to Albany, leaving New York at 6 p. m., during 
season of navigation, and arriving in Albany at about G a. m. the 
nexi, morning. It makes no landings between the two cities. 
The steamers of this line, the Drew and Dean Richmond, are 
palatial in character, and are furnished with 200 elegant State 
Rooms and with ample berth accommodations for the immense 
travel which patronize this jDopular line. This route affords 
opportunity to view the Hudson at sunset and evening, and the 
scenery of this charming river on a clear moonlight night is en. 
trancingly beautiful. 

THE CITIZENS' LINE OF STEAMERS 

Plies between New York and Troy, leaving Pier 44, at the fools 
of Christopher St. Hudson River, daily at 6 P. M., during the 
season of river navigatioa, and reaching Troy at about 6 a. m. 
the following morning, connecting with the morning trains for 
all points North, East and West. The boats of this line are the 
City of Troy and Saratoga, which are supplied with elegant state- 
rooms, and ample berth accommodations. It is a popular line 
to Troy, Saratoga and points north . 

THE STEAMER MARY POWELL 

runs from New York to Rondcut, stopping at Cranston's, West 
Point, Cornwall, Newburgh, New Hamburg, Milton and Pough- 
keepsie. She leaves New York, Pier 39 North River, every week 
day, except Saturday, at 3:15 p. m., stopping at foot of West 22d 
Street for passengers from the upper part of the city, and leaving 
West 22d Street at 3:30 p. m., and on Saturdays one hour earlier 
at each landing and touching at Marlborough. Returning leaves 
Rondout at 5:30 a. m., reaching New York,at 10:30 a. m. She is 
a very swift and popular steamer, and has become such a favorite 
as to be justly called the " Pride of the Hudson." 

11 



HUDSON KIVEE EOUTE. 



PANORAMA OF THE HUDSON. 



PKOMINENT OBJECTS OF INTEKEST THAT MAT BE SEEN FROM 
THE STEAMEKS OF THE " DAY LINE," ON THE TKIP OF THE 
HUDSON FROM NEW YORK TO ALBANY. 



As the steamer leaves the dock, a fiue view of New York Har- 
bor is opened to the south. Beyond the lower end of the city is 
Governor's Island, fortified by General Putnam prior to the bat- 
tle of Long Island in 1777. The circular fort is Castle William. 
Beyond this may be seen The Narrows and Staten Island, and 
beyond these, on a clear day, the Navesink Highlands. Of the 
two small fortified islands farther to the westward, the nearer is 
Ellis Island and the farther Bedloe's Island. 

In the following arrangement the objects of interest on the 
west bank are described in the left-hand column and those on the 
east bank in the right-hand column. 



WEST BANK. 
Jersey City, pop. 100,000 ; ter- 
minus of Pennsylvania U.K., 
Central N. J., Midland, Erie, 
and Northern N. J. Railroads. 
Cunard Steamers' docks. Oppo- 
site dock of Day Line is Erie 
Depot. 



Bergen Heights in distance. 



Hoboken, a little north, pop. 
30,000 ; terminus of Delaware 
and Lackawanna R.R. , Morris 
and Essex R. R. , and Hamburg 
Line of Steamers. 



EAST BANK. 

New York City. Of the promi- 
nent church spires, the south- 
ernmost is Trinity. 

North of this, in succession, 
and conspicu ,us for their height, 
are the Boreel Building, the 
Equitable Life Insurance Build- 
ing, the Mutual Life In.surance 
Building, the Western Union 
Telegraph Building, the Even- 
ing Post Building, the Post 
Office, which may be distin- 
guished by its large dome, the 
Tribune Building, recognized by 
its lofty, pointed clock tower, 
and beyond all these the piers 
and cables of the East River 
Bridge. 



13 



NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 




HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 



WEST BANK. 

Castle Hill, I'ust above and 
north of Hoboken, is the site of 
the Stevens' Mansion ; near by, 
fronting on a fine public square, 
is the Stevens' Institute of Tech- 
nology. The famous Stevens' 
Ironclad was constructed a few 
rods south of this square. 

Monastery of the Passionist 
Fathers on the summit of the 
ridge, marked by a lofty dome. 

Weehawken, southern termi- 
nus of New York, West Shore & 
Buffalo Railway. Entrance to 
tunnel leading to Hackensack 
Valley west of the Palisades. 

Weehawken, scene of Hamil- 
ton and Burr duel in 1804. The 
spot is but a few yards from the 
shore ; a plateau, on whose edge 
is an old cedar where Hamilton 
stood on the morning of the duel. 

Guttenberg, seven-story white 
building above Weehawken, is a 
brewery. 

Pleasant Valley, opposite Car- 
mansville. 

Fort Lee, ten miles from New 
Yvirk, opposite Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum. The site of the old 
fort is marked by a flagstaff on 
the bluff. Large summer hotels. 
Large house, residence of Capt. 
Bradbury of Pacific Mail S. S. 
line. 



EAST BANK. 

Other prominent buildings 
may be seen further up town, 
but to describe all of them, so 
that they can be recognized by 
a stranger, is impracticable. 

Manhattan Market (34th St.) 
is conspicuous on the river 
front, a huge building with an 
arched roof. 

St. Thomas' Church spire, 5th 
Ave. and 53d St. 

Roosevelt Hospital, 59th St., 
a brick structure with many- 
pointed finials. 

Sixty-Fifth Street, New York, 
N. Y. Orphan Asylum. 

Grain elevator of N. Y. Cen- 
tral Railroad. 

Claremont Hotise and site of 
Ion. Grant's tomb and monu- 
ment. 

Bloom ingdale Lunatic Asy- 
lum, bet. 115th and 120th Sts. 

Manhattanville, 13'2d St. 

Iron works, Audubon Park. 

Carmansville, home of Audu- 
bon the naturalist. 

Old Claremont Hotel, n. river. 

Trinity Cemetery. 

New York Institute for Deaf 
and Dumb. 

Jeffrey's Hook, a point jut- 
ting into the river— site of old 
fort. Here Washington landed, 
but recrossed to Fort Lee just 
before the heights were cap- 
tured by the British in 1778. 



18 



NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 




HUDSON EIVER EOUTfi. 



WEST BANK. 
The Palisades begin at Fort 
Lee and extend 15 miles to the 
north, from 200 to 500 feet in 
height. 

The Palisade Mountain Hotel 
formerly stood on the Palisades, 
opposite Inwood. It was burn- 
ed June 3d, 1884. At the foot 
of the Palisades is a wharf, from 
which, by an easy grade, a fine 
carriage-road leads over the Pal- 
isades to Englewood, N. J. 

The Palisades stretch along 
an unbroken wall of columnar 
traprock, for nearly 15 miles, 
varying in height from 200 to 
500 feet above the river. 

Indian Head, the highest 
point of the Palisades, 550 feet 
above the river. 

Tappan Bay, or Tappan Zee, 
extending north 15 miles to Cro- 
ton Point, nearly four miles 
wide. 

Piermont, twenty-four miles 
from New York ; formerly ter- 
minus of Erie Railway. Pier 
one mile long, extending into 
river. Palisade formation ter- 
minates here. Boundary be- 
tween New York and N. J. just 
at end of Palisades. 

Nyack. Pop. 4,000. Rama- 
po Mountains in distance. 



EAST BANK. 
Washington Heights, 185th St. 

Fort Washington, 10 miles 
from New York. Site near 
James Gordon Bennett's resi- 
dence, with gilded dome. 

Inwood, once known as Tub- 
by Hook. 

Spuyten Duyvil Creek, or 
Harlem River. Main line of 
Hudson River R. R. diverges 
from river through cut to Grand 
Central Depot, 42d St., New 
York. Pump tower at High 
Bridge visible over the hills. 

Westchester Heights, site of 
old Ft. Independence. 

Riverdale, 14 miles from N.Y. 

Convent and Academy of 
Mount St. Vincent, with Font 
Hill in front, built by Edwin 
Forrest. 

Yonkers. 17 miles from New 
York. Pop. 20,000. Site of old 
Phillipse mansion. 

Spring Hill Grove. 

Dudley's Grove above. 

Hastings-on-the Hudson, 21 
miles from New York. Sugar 
refinery near river. 

Dobbs' Ferry, 23 miles from 
New York. 

Irvington, 24 miles from N. T. 



14 



TA«R-»TOWNtO NE'A/BUKCH 




HUDSON KIVEK KOUTE. 



WEST BANK. 
Upper Nyack, one mile above 
Nyack. 

Rockland Lake, among the 
liills, opposite Sing Sing. Source 
of Hackemack River, and great 
ice-quarry in winter. It is 150 
feet above the river. Hook Mt. 
which separates it from the 
river is 610 feet high. The 
point which abuts on the river 
is Verdritege Hook, commonly 
called "Point no Point." 

Haverstraw Bay, five miles 
wide — the widest part of the 
Hudson, extending from Croton 
Point on the south to Ver- 
planck's Point on the north. 

First view West Shore R. R. 

High Torn Mountain — a peak 
below Haverstraw (820 ft. high). 

Haverstraw Village, with two 
mUes of brick-yards. 

Treason Hill, north of Haver- 
straw, where Arnold met Andre 
at Joshua Hett Smith's. 

Grassy Point, two miles north 
of Haverstraw. 

Stony Point, one mile north 
of Grassy Point. Stormed by 
the Americans under Gen. An- 
tony Wayne, July 15, 1779. 

Tompkins Gove — with lime- 
kilns and quarry. 

Kidd'a Point, now Caldwell's 
Landing. 



EAST BANK. 
Sunnyside, home of Washing 
ton Irving, half a mile north of 
R.R. Station, scarcely visible 
through the trees, near the 
river. Residence of Bierstadt, 
the artist, on the heights above. 

Tarrytown, 29 miles from 
N. Y. Pop. 5,000. Steamer 
stops beside ferryboat in middle 
of the river, transferring pas- 
sengers for both Tarrytown and 
Nyack. 

Sing Sing, 30 miles from New 
York. Pop. 3,000. 

State Prison, near the river, 
south of the village, built of 
white marble. 

Croton River empties into 
Hudson one mile north of Sing 
Sing. 

Croton Point, just above Cro- 
ton River — junction of Tappan 
Bay and Haverstraw Bay. 

Teller's Point. Off this point 
the Vulture anchored when she 
brought Andre to meet Arnold. 

Croton Village above. 

Montrasse's Point. 

Verplanck's Point. 

King's Ferry before Revolu- 
tion — between these two points 
half a mile. 

Manito Mountain. 

Peekskill. Pop. 6,000. 43 
miles from New York. 



TARRYTOWtV TO NEWBUHCH 




HUDSON ElVEB ROUTE. 



WEST BANK. 

Donderberg' Mouutain, 1,098 
feet high. 

lona Island — with hotel and 
pionic grounds. 

Fort Montgomery Creek, op- 
po.site Anthony's Nose. 

Fort Clinton south side creek. 

Fort Montgomery on north 
side. 

Parry House — with ruins of 
old mill in front. 

Benny Haven's cottage at 
waterside. 

Buttermilk Falls, cascade 
above. 

Cranston's Hotel, 250 ft. above 
river, the most fashionable re- 
sort on the river. 

Highland Falls — village be- 
hmd bluff. Population, 1,50U. 

Cranston's Landing. 

West Point, one mile above 
Cranston's U. S. Military Acade- 
my, Parade Ground, and Bar- 
racks. The most commanding 
strategic point of the Hudson 
during the Revolution. 

West Shore Railway tunnel 
under isarade grounds. 

Old Fort Putnam — ruins of the 
Revolution — 596 ft. above river. 

Kosciusko's Monument, above 
West Point Landing, on the point. 

West Point Lighthouse. 

West Point Hotel on the bluff. 

West Point Villasre. 



IG 



EAST BANK. 

Nameless Highland. 

The Ilace, between lona Is- 
land and the east bank of river. 

Anthony's Nose, 1,220 feet 
high, with li. R. tunnel near 
river. 

Sugar Loaf Mountain toward 
north- east. 

Beverly Dock, close by river. 

Robinson House. 

Hon. Hamilton Fish's resi- 
dence, brick house on the bluff. 

Garrison's, 50 miles from New 
York, opposite West Point. 

Highland House, half a mile 
from river, splendid site. 

Constitution Island, opposite 
point. 

Miss Warner's home. White 
Cottage, near the river. Author 
of "Queechy" and "Wide. 
Wide World." 

The Two Brothers — rocks. 

Cold Spring, 54 miles from 
New York, with extensive iron 
foundries. 

Undercliff, home of George 
P. Morris, just north of Cold 
Spring. 

Mount Taurus, 1,486 ft. high. 

Little Stony Point, promon- 
tory at foot of Bull Hill. 



iNEWBURG AND FISHKILL TO RHINEBECK, 

T7T, 




HUDSON KIVKR ROtJTB. * 



WEST BANK. 

Old Cro' Nest, 1,418 ft. high. 

Kidd's Plug Cliff— the preci- 
pice on bank of river. 

Butter Hill. 

Storm King, 1,529 feet high 
— northernmost point of the 
Highlands. 

Cornwall Village, 56 miles 
from N. Y. 

Idlewild, home of N. P. Wil- 
lis, just north of Cornwall Vil- 
lage. 

Shawangunk Mountains west. 

New Windsor, four miles 
north of Cornwall. Hendrick 
Hudson anchored here Sept. 15, 
l(i09. 

Newburg Bay. 

Washington's Headquarters — 
a flagstaff marks the location. 

Newburg City, pop. 20.003, 
60 miles from New York. 

Duyvels Dans Kanier — flat 
rock covered with cedars— scene 
of the traditionary Indian pow- 
wow which Hendrick Hudson 
and his comrades witnessed at 
night, with all its Indian acces- 
sories of fire and paint. 

Hampton Point — with fine 
white cedars — 64 miles from 
New York. 

Marlborough, 66 miles from 
New York. The Arbor Vitae 
prows in g^^eat perfection here 



EAST BANK. 

Breakneck Mountain, 1,187 
feet high. 

South Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet 
high. 

North Beacon Hill, 1,471 feet 
high. 

PoUipel's Island, at the north 
entrance of the Highlands. 
Fishkill Mountains to the east. 

Fishkill Landing, 60 miles 
from New York. Western ter- 
minus of New York and New 
England Kailway. /»~ 

Clinton Point. 

Low Point, or Carthage, 64 
miles from New York. 

New Hamburg, 66 miles from 
New York, at the mouth of 
Wappinger's Creek. 

Locust Point, formerly coun- 
try seat of the late Prof. S. F. 
B. Morse, inventor of electric 
telegraph. 

Poughkeepsie Cemetery. 

Ruins of Old Livingston 
Place just above. 
River View Military Academy. 

City of Poughkeepsie, popu- 
lation 20,000, 75 miles from 
New York— Queen City of the 
Hudson, 200 feet above river. 

Vassar Female College is a 
mile and a half east of Pough- 
keepsie. 

State Asylum for the Insane 
just north of Poughkeepsie. 



IT 



NEWBURC AND FISHKILL TO RHINEBECK. 




HUDSON ElVER EOUTE. 



WEST BANK. 

Milton Ferry, or Bamegat, 
71 miles from New York. Fa- 
mous for the great quantity of 
raspberries raised in the vicinity. 

New Paltz Landing, opposite 
Poughkeepsie, 75 miles from 
New York. 

Large Ice Houses on the river 
bank. 

John Astor's summer resi- 
dence. 

Mr. Pell's great apple orchard, 
with 25,000 fruit-bearing trees. 

Port Ewen, or Deserted Vil- 
lage. 

Rondout, pop. 20,000. Now 
City of Kingston. Point of de- 
parture from Hudson River for 
Southern CatskiJls. Terminus 
of Ulster & Delaware R. R., 
Walkill Valley R.R., and Dela- 
w^are & Hudson Canal. Lnpor- 
tant etation West Shore Railway 
with Catskill Mountain conueo 
tions. 

Saugerties, pop. 5,000, at 
mouth of Esopus Creek. 

Maiden — with " Plattekill 
Clove" west. 

Evesport, above Maiden. 

West Camp Island. 



EAST BANK 
College Hill, north-east of city. 
Poughkeepsie Water Works, 
in north part of the city, near 
river. 

Hyde Park, 80 miles from New 
York. Named in honor of Gen. 
Edward F. Hyde, one of the 
early British Governors of New 
York. 

Placentia, former home of the 
late James K. Paulding, one 
mile north of Hyde Park. 

Dr. Hussack's estate, with 
Corinthian pillars. 

Esopus Island, 2 miles north 
of Hyde Park. 

Staatsburg, 85 mUes from 
New York. 

" Wildercliff ," built by Rev. 
Freeborn Garrettson. 

Rhine Cliff', 90 miles from 
New York— Western terminus of 
the Hartford & Connecticut 
Western R. R. Rhinebeck Vil- 
lage, two miles east of the river, 
Barrytown, 96 miles from N. Y. 
Rokeby, residence of Williaiu 
B. Astor. 

Montgomery Place, one mile 
north of Barrytown, built by the 
widow of Gen. Richard Mont- 
gomery, who was killed at the 
storming of Quebec in 1775. 

Cruger's Island, two miles 
north of Barrytown, with ruins 
brought from Italy. 



U 



RHINEBECK TO HUDSON 




HUDSON RIVFK ROUTE. 



WEST BANK. 
•' Four-County Island," junc- 
tioa of Dutchess, Columbia, 
Greene, and Ulster counties. 

Catskill Mountains, 4,000 feet 
above the sea. Indian name, 
" Onti Ora," or " Mountains of 
the Sky." 

Round Top, the highest peak 
of the Catskills, 4,000 feet above 
the river. 



Hotel Kaaterskill, 3,500 feet 
above the river. 

Catskill Mountain House, 
white building on the moun- 
tain, 3,000 feet above the river. 

Catskill Village, 111 miles 
from New York. Pop. 4,000. 
Ferry to CatskiU Station, West 
Shore and Catskill Mountains 
Eailway stations. Principal 
podnt of deiJarture from the 
river for the northern Catskill 
Mountains. 

Prospect Park Hotel, on bhiff 
near the landing, 250 feet above 
the river. 

Athens, opp. Hudson. 

Four-Mile Point, 125 feet 
high. 

Coxsackie, pop. 2,500, 123 
miles from New York, 



EAST BANK. 
Tivoli, 100 miles from N. Y. 

Place where first steamboat, 
t]ie Claremont, was built by R. 
Fulton. 

" Claremont," original Living 
stou Manor. 

German town, 105 miles from 
New York. 



Livingston, 
New York. 



109 miles from 



19 



Catskill Station. 

Church, the artist, has a fine 
residence on the high point oppo 
site Catskill. 

Residence of John E. GiUette, 
Esq., nearer the river. 

Roger's Island, behind which 
the shipping of the New York 
merchants was concealed during 
the Revolution. 

Mount Merino, two miles 
above, just south of the 

City of Hudson, 115 miles 
from New Y'ork, pop. 10,000. 
Extensive Iron Works near 
river. The Hudson and Chat- 
ham Branch of the Boston and 
Albany R. R. terminates here. 

Stockport, four miles north 
of Hudson. 



HUDSON TO ALBANY. 




HUDSON EIVEE EOUTE. 



EAST BANK. 

Newtown Hook and Prospect 
Grove. 

Stuyvesant, formerly Kinder- 
hook Landing. 

Schodac Island, 8 miles long. 

Schodac Village, opposite 
Coeyman's. 

Nine-Mile Tree. 

C'astleton, 135 miles from 
New York. 

Overslaugh, or Castleton Bar, 
extends about two miles up the 
river. 

Campbell's Island, with light 
on the south end. 

Greenbush, or East Albany, 
connected with Albany by two 
fine railroad bridges. 

Troy, six miles above Green- 
bush, 150 miles from New York. 
Population, 50,000. Extensive 
iron works just south of the 
city. 

Seat of Kensselaer Polytech- 
nic Institute. 

Large building on the hill, 
with four pointed towers, is a 
Roman Catholic institution. 

At Albany passengers leave the steamer and take the Delaware 
& Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. for Saratoga Springs, Lake George, 
Lake Champlain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Canada. Omni- 
buses convey passengers to the railroad depot. 

20 



ST BANK. 

New Baltimore — here begins 
the government dykes. 

Beeren, or Bear Island — meet- 
ing-point < f the four counties 
of Albany, Rensselaer, Colum- 
bia, and Greene — site of the 
"Castle of Rensselaerstein," 
from whose wall Nicholas 
Kroon, the agent of Killian 
Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, 
compelled passing vessels to dip 
their colors and pay tribute, or 
take the chances of being sunk 
by the ordnance of the fort. 

Coeyman's, Helderberg Moun- 
tains to the west. 

Shad Island, north of Coey- 
man's, three miles long — old 
Indian fishing ground. 

Albany, 144 miles from New 
York. Pop. 90,000. Toward 
the south we see the buildings 
of the Convent of the Sacred 
Heart, Almshouse, and further 
north the Cathedral, State 
House, City Hall, etc. Two ex- 
tensive railroad bridges cross 
the river at this place. Both 
are over 4,000 feet in length. 

Principal hotels are the Dele- 
Van, Kenmore and Stanwix. 



ALBANY AND TROY TO SARATOGA. 




HUDSOlSr EIVER ROUTE. 



THE HUDSON EIVER EOUTE. 

JERSEY CITY AND HOBOKEN. 

As the steamer leaves her wharf and turns her head to the 
north, Jersey City and Hoboken are seen to the westward. The 
limit of the latter place is marked by a rocky promontory known 
as Castle Hill, on which stands the mansion of the Stevens fam- 
ily. In the vicinity of Hoboken are many elegant residences of 
wealthy New Yorkers, but the rapid increase of population is fast 
depriving them of the almost rural eeclusion which they have un- 
til recently enjoyed, and the ornamental g-rounds which for a long 
time beautified the ridge back of the town are out up into city 
lots. On the east side of the river is New York, with its appar- 
ently interminable line of wharves and rows of warehouses, 
stretching northward as far as the eye can reach, and ending in 
a forest of masts toward the south, beyond which are the gray 
walls of Castle William on Governor's Island, and still further 
the waters of New York Bay, the Narrows, and Staten Island. 
The scene is always full of life and variety, and at certain times 
when wind and tide are favorable, the waters are alive witn craft 
of all sizes, making for their various destinations all over the 
world, and seemingly in constant danger of collision. 

WEEHAWKEN. 

North Bergen, Bergen Co. , N. J. 
Between Hoboken and Weehawken are the Elysian Fields, for- 
mei'ly a beautiful park, but now retaining few traces of tne rural 
walks which once made it a favorite resort of Now Yorkers. It 
continues to be visited by large numbers of pleasure-seekers, but 
the attractions are mainly such as are afforded by base-ball 
matches, boat races, and other athletic sports. The Indian name 
was Weehawk, but custom has added the termination now inva- 
riably affixed. The scene of the duel between Alexander Hamil- 
ton and Aaron Burr is in Weehawken. The spot was formerly 
marked by a monument, but some reckless person destroyed it. 
It is a green plateau raised a few feet above the river just below 
the precipitous clifE that marks the southern end of the Palisades, 

80 



HTJDSON EIVEK ROUTE. 

or " Great Chip-Rock" as it was called by the Dutch. It is a 
short distance above the point where a steep bank approaches the 
shore of the river. The fatal quarrel between these two promi- 
nent men was a political one, and was marked by great malignity 
on the part of Burr. Weehawken is the southern terminus of the New 
York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway, completed and opened for 
travel during the summer of 1883. The New York stations are at 
Jay Street and W. 42d street. Leaving Weehawken this railway 
leads throvigh a long tunnel to the Hackensack Valley, west of the 
Palisades, reaching the Hudson River again at Haverstraw Bay. 

M A NHAT T ANVILLE 
is a part of New York. The name is applied to the neighbor- 
hood of 132d Street. The conspicuous building on high ground, 
a little south of Manhattanville, is the Lunatic Asylum. It is 
Burrounded by about forty acres of ornamental grounds, which 
are devoted to the use of the inmates of the Asylum. Nearer 
the river is the Claremont Hotel, where in former years lived 
Viscount Courtenay, afterward Earl of Devon. Joseph Bona- 
parte occupied the house during the first year of his exile in this 
country. It is now a popular resort for frequenters of the 
Blooraingdale Road. 

CARMANSVILLE. 

At 152d Street is another suburb of New York, and, being fur- 
ther from the city, contains more of the elements of a rural dis- 
trict. The distinguished naturalist Audubon lived here for many 
years, and is buried in Trinity Cemetery near by. The large 
building surmounted by a dome a little above Carmansville is the 
New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. It stands on the 
southern slope of Washington Heights, commanding a wide view, 
and surrounded by spacious and cultivated grounds. The build- 
ings are in the form of a quadrangle, and are capable of accom- 
modating 450 pupils. The institution is the oldest of its kind in 
the country, excepting that at Hartford, Conn. It was incorpo- 
rated Apiii 15, 1817. 

FORT WASHINGTON. 
10 miles from New York. 

That portion of Manhattan Island known by the name of 
Washington Heights is the only part which retains, to any great 

21 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

degree, the natural attractions which formerly rendered the whola 
island so beautiful. The grading and leveling of city engineers 
has not yet reached this charming region, although it is pene- 
trated by streets in every direction, and contains elegant resi- 
dences throughout its whole extent. The fortification after 
which this place is named was an extensive earthwork occupyinj^ 
the crown of Washington Heights, and commanding the rivei 
above and below, as well as the neighboring country. It formed 
the end and citadel of an irregular line of works extending along 
the northern part of the island. The point extending into the 
river under Washington Heights is Jeffrey's Hook, and among its 
cedars are mounds which mark the site of a redoubt built at the 
same time with the neighboring fortifications. These works, 
with their garrison of 2,700 men, were captured by the British 
after a sharp resistance, on Nov. 15, 1776. This was the second 
defeat of the Americans in New York, and was a severe blow to 
the friends of the republic in this vicinity. 

FORT LEE. 

Hackensack^ Bergen Co., N. /., 10 to. fr. New Fork. 
The traveler is now opposite the lower end of the Palisades, 
which stretch in an unbroken wall of columnar trap rock for 15 
miles along the river. These rocks vary in height from 800 to 
500 feet above the water, and are crowned by a heavy growth of 
timber. Houses are already beginning to be erected along the 
edge of this cliff, which commands a wide and beautiful view of 
the river and its shores, including Manhattan Ishiud and the East 
River to Long Island Sound. Doubtless before many years a con- 
tinuous line of villas will crown the top of this remarkable ridge. 
Fort Lee stood on the summit of the ridge at its southern ex- 
tremity. A little village now occupies its site, and large hotels 
for the entertainment of excursion parties rise one above auother 
on the slope of the declivity. The remains of the fort are scarce- 
ly discernible, and cannot be seen at all from the river. This 
fort was occupied by the Americans until after the British 
had captured Fort Washington in 1776, when it also was aband- 
oned, and the Americans retreated across the State of New 
Jersey. 

22 



linnSON RIVKK KOUTE. 

The large white building with two towers, standing in the gorge 
at the beginning of the Palisades, is the Fort Lee Park Hotel. 
The large octagon building at the base of hill is a Pavilion. The 
building on dock is a large waiting-room for the accommodation 
of daily excursionists who frequent the popular resort by a line of 
boats running from Canal, 24th, and 34th Streets, New York, 
and ferry from Manhattanville, 125th Street. The hotels, steam- 
boats, and Manhattanville ferry are all owned and managed under 
the head of the Fort Lee Park and Steamboat Company, with 
George L. Huggins, of the Co.sraopolitan of New York, as pro- 
prietor of the hotel. 

SPUYTEN DUYVIL. 
New Turk City and Co. , 12 in. fr. New York. 

The cluster of houses on the upper side of the creek whose 
mouth is here seen, is known as Spuyten Duyvil, but the name 
was originally applied only to the creek itself, which connects 
Harlem River with the Hudson, thereby forming Manhattan Is- 
land. Through tbis estuary tide-water flows, the currents meet- 
ing at or near Kingsbridge, about a mile from the Hudson. Here 
the main line of the Hudsoti River Railroad strikes the shore of 
the river, curving sharply through a deep rock-cutting, just north 
of the bridge. The branch which crosses the bridge is used 
mostly for freight, but has also a passenger station at 81st Street. 
The main passenger terminus is at the Grand Central Depot at 42d 
Street and Fourth Avenue. The name Spuyten Duyvil is ascribed 
by the veracious Diedrich Knickerbocker (Washington Irving), to 
Anthony Van Corlear, the redoubtable Dutch trumpeter, who, be- 
ing bound on an important mission to the mainland, and finding 
himself unaV)le to procure a boat, swore that " en spnyt den duy- 
vil " he would swim the creek. He plunged in, and when mid- 
way across was observed to struggle violently, until no longer 
able to resist the Duyvil, who was doubtless tugging at his legs, 
he raised his trumpet to his lips, gave a loud blast, and sank for- 
ever to the bottom. However it obtained its name, the vicinity 
is interesting. The creek formed the southern boundary of the 
famous neutral ground of revolutionary times, where the regular 
troojis of the American and British armies were continually mak- 
ing raids. At Kingsbridge, redoubts were thrown up on both 

~3 




The Palisadu. 



HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. 

sides of the creek, and on December 19, 1780, an encounter took 
place between the Americans and a large detachment of British 
and Hessians, which led to no decisive result. Another skirmish 
occurred here in 1776, between a party of American stragglers 
and a Hessian guard, in which the former gained the advantage. 
Prior to these events, Hendrick H\idson and the Manhattan In- 
dians had a long-sustained fight just at the moiith of the creek, 
where Hudson anchored the "Half-Moon," in October, 1609. 
The Indians tried to board the yacht from their canoes, but 
were repulsed. 

Opposite SiDuyten Duyvil is Lydecker Peak, one of the highest 
points of the Palisades, which projects somewhat into the river. 
Upon this peak stood the magnificent Palisades Mountain House, 
in full view from the railroad and river. It was one of the finest 
summer hotels on the Hudson, and owing to the charming scenery 
it commanded, the beautiful drives about it, its nearness to New 
York, its ease of access, and the superb style in which it was kept, 
it was a very popular resort for New Yorkers. It was burned June 
3d, 1884. From the dock at the foot of the Palisades a fine car- 
riage road leads over the heights to Englewood, N. J. This Pal- 
isades dock is reached by steamboats from Harrison street, New 
York, or by rail from 30th street depot to Inwood, on the Hud- 
son liiver Ilailroad, whence a steam feri-y crosses the river. 

RIVERDALE. 

New York Ciiy and Co., 14 m. Jr. City Hall. 

This village is composed almost entirely of the country resi- 
dences of gentlemen doing business in New York, and is one of 
the most beautiful suburbs of the great metropolis. About a mile 
and a half above lliverdale is Mt. St. Vincent, a Roman Catholic 
educational institution, under the immediate control of the Sis- 
ters of Charity, who purchased Font Hill, as the place was called, 
from the celebrated tragedian, Edwin Forrest. The castellated 
structure of dark stone, built by Forest as a private residence, is 
now part of the Mt. St. Vincent Academy, though, unfortunately, 
the two buildings are architecturally inharmonious. These build- 
ings are at the northernmost limit of the citj' of New York. 

From Eiverdale north for twenty miles the east bank of the 
Hudson is covered with the elegant country seats of New York 
merchants. 

24 



HUDSON KIVKR ROUTE, 

YONKERS. 

Westchester Co., N. 7"., 17 m. fr. New York. 

Yonkers is a flourishing town at the mouth of the Neperah or 
Saw-Mill Eiver. The former name was given by the Indians, and 
signifies *' rapid-water village,'' aptly describing the series of falls 
and rapids with which the stream joins the Hudson. The town 
is largely composed of the residences of city business men. Hen- 
drick Hudson anchored off Yonkers when ascending the river in 
September, 1009. and was visited by large numbers of Indians 
with whom he traded. In the evening the tide set strongly up 
stream, which confirmed Hudson in the belief that he was in a 
passage between two oceans. The name Yonkers is derived from 
the Dutch " Yonk-heer," signifying the heir of a family. The 
greater part of this region was purchased from the Van der Donck 
family, to whom it was originally granted by Frederick Philipse. 

The old " Philipse Manor " still exists, and is a most attractive 
object for those interested in relics of the olden time. The manor 
stands within the town of Yonkers. The older portion was built 
in 1G82, and the more modern portion in 1745. It is probably the 
finest specimen of an old-fashioned mansion in the country. The 
interior decorations have been scrupulously preserved, and are very 
quaint and curious. In this old Hall was born Mary Philipse, the 
belle of her day and the early love of Washington. She chose to 
marry another, Roger Morris; but it is said that Washington al- 
ways cherished the memory of the beautiful heiress of Philijose 
Manor. 

HASTINGS. 
Greenburg, WesteJiester Co.^ JSf. 7"., 31 tn.fr. Neio York. 

About midway between Yonkers and Hastings, on the opposite 
side of the River, is the highest point of the Palisades, nearly 500 
feet above the river. It is known as " Indian Head," and from 
it may be obtained a wide view over the neighboring country. 
Hastings is similar in its characteristics to Yonkers, and contains 
many beautiful country-seats. It is said to have been a favorite 
resort of Garibaldi's when the Liberator of Italy kept a soap and 
candle factory on Staten Island. The country in the vicinity is 
diversified, and intersected by excellent roads, which reuder the 



HTJDSON RIVER EOTJtE. 

rides and drives in every direction most attractive. A British 
force, under Cornwallis, crossed the river at this place in 1776^ 
joined another force in capturing Fort Lee, and then pursued the 
Americans to the Delaware River. 

D06BS' FESBY. 

Greenburg, Westchester Co. , iV". T., 22 m. fr. New York. 
A village of considerable size, containing villas and cottages of 
tasteful and ele.^ant appearance. The village is named after a 
ferry which was kept in olden times between this place and Pier- 
mont, opposite, by one Dobbs, a Swede. An attempt was made 
some years since to have this name changed to "Paulding," as 
being both more euphonious and appropriate. The proposition 
led to quite a controversy in the newspapers ; but public opinion 
decided, for the time at least, in favor of the old Swedish ferry- 
man. The river here widens into Tappan Bay, or as it was called 
by the Dutch, Tappan Zee. This bay extends to Croton Point, 
having an average width of nearly four miles. Dobbs' Ferry is 
well known in Revolutionary annal.s. The British concentrated 
their forces here after their dearly-bought victory at White Plains, 
five miles east. This battle took place in October, 1776. In 1777 
a division of the American army, under General Lincoln, was en- 
camped here for several months. The Commission sent by Sir 
Henry Clinton to intercede for the life of the unfortunate spy, 
Major Audre, landed here and held a long but unsuccessful con- 
sultation with General Greene, the president of the court which 
condemned him to death. Greene met the Chief of the Commis- 
sion by permission of General Washington, only in the character 
of a private gentleman ; but although both friend and foe desired 
to save Andre's life, the conference proved unavailing. Dobbs' 
Ferry was the first place appointed for a meeting between Andre 
and Arnold. The plan, however, was not successfully carried out 

PIERMONT. 

Orangetown, Rooklaud Co., N. Y.. 24: m.fr. New York. 
A short distance below Piermont is the line between New York 
and New Jersey, near which the Palisades recede from the shore 
and lose their precipitous character. The ridge continues, how 



HUDSO^f RlVKR ROUTE. 

ever, in a series of hills reaching, in some places, a height of nearly 
700 feet, but nowhere resuming the peculiar palisade formation. 
The long pier which projects into the river from this place is the 
terminus of a branch of the Erie Railway, which connects with 
the main line at Suffern. 18 miles west. Two miles back of Pier- 
mont is Tappan, where, on October 2, 178), Major Andre was 
tried, condemned, and executed. (See page 29.) We may here 
call attention to the beautiful "Arbor Vitae" (Thuja Occiden- 
talis), which is frequently seen, singly or in groves, along the 
banks. It is, in fact, the common white cedar, which in this 
vicinity assumes a beautiful pencil-like habit of growth, and forma 
a distinctive feature of the landscape. 

IKVINGTON, 

Greenburg^ Westchester County, N. T., 2im.fr. New York. 

Is a village of comparatively recent growth, inhabited, in great 
part, by the families of gentlemen whose place of business is in 
New York. The river is here about three miles wide, and the 
sloping hills that look over this tranquil bay are literally covf red 
with beautiful villas and charming grounds. At no point on the 
Hudson are there more evidences of wealth and refinement, and 
this locality around Irvington is noted as one of the most aristo- 
cratic suburbs of the great metropolis. Many of these palatial 
structures are furnished with the choicest thit art and wealth 
can produce, and are the abodes of luxury, culture, and the most 
exquisite taste. The village is named in honor of Washington Ir- 
ving, the genial author whose pen has done so much to preserve 
whatever is interesting in the traditionary history of the Hudson 
River. " Sunnyside," the home of Irving during the last years 
of his life, is a little north of the village, and glimpses of the pic- 
turesque house and grounds may be caught from the steamer as 
it passes. This house, with its quaint Dutch gables, includes the 
original building known to readers of Irving's works as '* Wolfert's 
Roost," where Ichabod Crane courted the lovely Katrina Van 
Tassel, as related in the " Legend of Sieepy Hollow." Irving 
died November 28, 1859, and was buried in the cemetery near 
Tarrytown, in that very " Sleepy Hollow" which his graceful 
pea has made forever famous. 



HUDSON KIVICU KOUTE. 



TARRYTOWN. 



Oreenhurg and Mt. Pleasant. Wtstchesto- Co., K r.,29 m.fr. 
New Yark. 

Tarrytown is delightfully situated on a hillside overlooking the 
river and the Palisades to the southward, and commanding a dis- 
tant view of the Ramapo Mountains and the Hudson Highlands 
to the west and north. The whole town is thickly studded with 
dwellings of eveiy size and every style of beauty. Prominent 
among these is the white marble edifice known as Paulding 
Manor, which stands just below the town. It was built by de- 
scendants of Commodore Paulding, and is one of the finest speci- 
mens of the Elizabethan style of architecture in this country. 
It has passed out of the possession of the Paulding family. A 
little above Tarrytown is the Pocantico, a small stream flowing 
through the valley, called by the Dutch " Slaeperigh Haven," 
and translated into English as " Sleepy Hollow." About half a 
mile from the mouth of this stream is an old Dutch church, 
which is a curiosity in its way. It is the oldest church edifice in 
the State of New York, having been built in 1G99. Its walls con- 
tain bricks which were imported from Holland when the church 
was erected. The old bell hangs in the belfry, on whose pointed 
roof an iron vane still turns, bearing the monogram of the founder 
of the church, Frederick Philipse, whose mansion, known as 
'■Philipse Castle," stands on the banks of the stream not far 
distant. This is the dwelling whence the Philipse family moved 
when the mansion at Yonkers was built. To the eastward of the 
church is the valley of Sleepy Hollow, and the identical bridge, 
or at least its successor, over which the Headless He.^sian pursued 
Ichabod Crane, as related by Irving in the " Legend of Sleepy 
Hollow." Between this bridge ami Tarrytown the road crosses 
" Andre's Brook," and near by stands a monument marking the 
spot where he was captured. A suitable inscription gives the 
leading facts connected with that event. 

38 



HUDSON EIVEE KOUTE. 



ANDR^ AND AENOLD. 

The story of Arnold's treason and of Andre's capture and exe- 
cution is one of the most interesting and at the same time one of 
the saddest in our history. Benedict Arnold was a major-general 
in the American armj', having won his position by distinguished 
gallantry and zeal. It is not necessary here to trace the successive 
steps which led to his fall. Suffice it to say that certain acts of his 
while in command at Philadelphia led to his trial by court-martial. 
He was sentenced to be reprimanded, but the sentence, mild as it 
was, embittered hiin toward his country, and he began to take 
steps toward opening a correspondence with the enemy. Assigned 
to the command of West Point and vicinity, he soon began nego- 
tiations for surrender to Sir Henry Clinton. Finally arrange- 
ments were made for a meeting with Major John Andre, Adju- 
tant-General of the British army. The British sloop of war " Vul- 
ture " was sent up to Teller's Point with Andre on board. On the 
second night he landed on the west side of the river, just below 
Stony Point, and meeting Arnold consulted with him until day- 
light. Their plans were incomplete when day broke, and Arnold 
persuaded his companion to go with him to a tory house near by. 
Horses were at hand, provided, and the two rode together through 
the dark woods. Presently they were challenged by a sentry, and 
then Andre perceived that he was within the enemy's line. They 
went on, however, and entered the house. As soon as daylight was 
sufficiently clear, an American gun opened fire on the " Vulture " 
from Teller's Point, and the vessel weighed anchor and dropped 
down the river. Andre was in uniform, but in ordei' to provide 
against discovery he put ou a plain coat, and by this act assumed 
the disguise which deprived him of his official character, and ren- 
dered him open to conviction as a spy. In the course of the day 
plans for the surrender of the garrisons about West Point were 
completed, and Andre became anxious to regain the British lines. 
Being unable to get a boat to take him down to the '' Vulture," 
he was forced to take the land route. Accordingly he crossed 
King's Ferry, and on the strength of Arnold's passes passed all 
the regular American outposts. On this particular morning, 

29 



HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. 

however, three volunteers had agreed to vs'atch the road at Tarry- 
town, and on Andre's appearance halted him, and made him dis- 
mount, and discovered inside his stockings the evidences of his 
mission. Andre oflEered bribes to a large amount if they would 
let him go, but the stern patriots refused, and marched him ofE to 
the nearest American post. The commanding officer, Colonel 
Jamieson, was very near sending prisoner, papers, and all to Ar- 
nold, but Major Tallmadge persuaded him to send only a letter 
detailing the circumstances of the arrest. This Arnold received 
while at breakfast. He immediately left the table, ordered his 
horse. Baying that he was wanted down the river, rode to Beverly 
Dock (see page 37), and leaping into a boat went down the river 
to the "Vulture." 

Andre at once wrote to Washington, frankly telling the whole 
truth, and closing with the words " Thus was I betrayed (being 
Adjutant-General of the B. army) into the vile condition of an 
enemy in disguise within your posts." Washington convened a 
court, which tried Audrc at Tappan. The accused so freely ad- 
mitted all the charges and specifications, that it was not necessary 
to examine a single witness, and the court, after long deliberation, 
reluctantly sentenced him to death. Much sympathy was felt 
for Andre throughout the American camp, but everyone acknowl- 
edged that under the circumstances no leniency should be shown. 
An informal proposition was made to exchange him for Arnold, 
but neither Washington nor Sir Henry Clinton would officially 
consider this plan, and on October 2, 1780, Andre was hung. In 
18. i2 his remains were removed to England, and a monument 
st:inds in Westminster Abbey on which the sad story is inscribed. 
Arno:d wa.s made a Mijor-General in the British array, and re- 
ceived £10,000, the price of his treason, but was despised even by 
his brother I'fficers, and died with haidly a friend to mourn his 
loss. Monuments have been erected to the memory of Paulding 
and Van W art, two of the men engaged in Andre's capture at 
rcekskill aii.l Tarry town. In 1S78 the Rev. Arthur Penrhyn 
Stanley, Dean of Westminster, visited this country, and secured 
permission to have a stone, bearing a suitable inscription, raisttcl 
to Andre's memory on the place of his execution. 

30 



HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. 

NYACK. 

Orangetown, Rockland Co.^ N. F., 37 m.fr. New York. 
Nearly opposite Tarrytown, at the foot of a precipitous hill. 
On the western side of the Tappan Zee the mountains sweep 
back from Piermont in the form of a semicircle, and meet the 
river again at the noithern extremity of the Zee, in a series of 
liluffs familiarly known as the Hook, almost as imposing as the 
Rock of Gibraltar, which it strongly resembles in outline and 
goneral appearance. Within this semicircle — one of the loveliest 
spots on the river — nestles the village of Nyack, which is rapidly 
growing into a large suburban town. The Rip Van Winkle sleep 
which seems to have possessed this part of the western shore ot 
the river from time immemorial, has been very properly disturbed 
by the extension of the Northern Railway to Nyack, and now all 
is bustle and activity. Looking out from the promontory which 
extends into the " Zee," on a point nearly central between Pier- 
mont and the Hook, is the Tappan Zee Hotel. 

SING SING. 

Osmiing, Westchester Co.. K F., 33 m.fr. New York. 
This town is on the east bank, and a large part of its houses 
command an extensive view down the river. Sing Sing is gener- 
ally known as the site of the State Prison, to which inost of the 
convicts of New York City are sent. The white prison buildings 
will be readily recognized at the lower end of the town. The 
marble of which these buildings are constructed is the kind known 
as dolomite. It is quarried near by, and the prisons have been 
built by the convicts themselves. The main building was ready 
for occupation in 1839, but has received improvements and addi- 
tions since. In connection with the prison, the name of Capt. 
Elam Lynds should not be forgotten. This officer took charge 
of a party of one hundred convicts at Auburn, brought them to 
Sing Sing (there were no railroads in those days), and set them 
to work to wall themselves in, which in due time was accom- 
plished, and thus Sing Sing prison was begun. Capt. Lynds was 
a natural disciplinarian, and is said to have brought the hundred 
men from Auburn with the aid of only a few guards. Opposite 

81 



HUDsox eivj:k koutk 

Sing Sing is a high hill, projecting somewhat into the river. 
This is known V)y its old Dutch name of " Verdritege Hook." 
Tho name signifies " grievous," and was given in consequence of 
the frequent squalls which beset the sailor in this neighborhood. 
" Rockland Lake" lies on one of the shoulders of this mountain. 
This lake is about half a mile from the river, and 300 feet above 
it. Large quantities of ice are cut from its surface every winter. 
The slide by which the ice is sent down to be loaded on barges 
may be seen near the landing, leading straight u}) the hillside to 
the lake shore. The peculiar sharp pointed peak near by is known aa 
the ' ' High Tom. " The West Shore Railway makes its appearance at 
this point on the Hudson, on the side of High Torn Mountain opposite 
Croton Point. 

TELLES S AND CROTON BOINTS. 
Cortland, Westc/ie.ster Co., N. Y., ddm.fr. New York. 
The extremity of this tongue of land, projecting far into the 
river from its eastern bank, is known as " Teller's Point." "Cro- 
ton Point " is that portion nearer the shore of the river. It sepa- 
rates Tappan Bay from Haverstraw Bay. OS this point the 
"Vulture" anchored when she brought Andre to meet Arnold, 
and from thence the gun was brought to bear which drove that 
vessel down the river. Croton Point is now occupied by the vine- 
yards of Dr. Underhill, whose pure wines are much used for med- 
icinal purposes. Just below Teller's Point is the mouth of Croton 
River, which .supplies New York with water. This stream has a 
wide mouth, sometimes called Croton Bay, which was partly filled 
11 ;> in 1841 by the washing away of the Croton Reservoir dam. 
'J"i;> .ork was, however, pressed forward, and in 1S42 water was 
sui r. id to the city through the Croton pipes. The aqueduct is 
bui'. ■. f solid masonry, and follows the course of the Hudson at 
an .i.v*^rage distance of about a mile from its shore. This aque- 
du' : < capable of discharging 60,000,000 gallons per day into the 
receiving reservoir in the Central Park, New York. The entire 
cost of the Croton works at their completion was about $14,000,- 
000. Since that time great improv ments and additions have 
been made., to meet the J ^mands of the growing city. It is esti- 
mated tbat the Croton River will supply water enough for New 
York even if the city should reach five times its present size. 

33 



HUDSON EIVEK ROUTE. 

HAVERSTRAW. 

Hmerstraw, Rocklaiid Co., N. F., 36 m. fr. New York. 
For a few miles below Haverstraw, the summits of the High- 
lands are distinctly in sight, up the river, although their bases are 
hidden by intervening hills. The long ridge- like elevation, to- 
ward which the boat heads, is the " Donderberg," near 1,000 feet 
in height. Haverstraw is the village seen on a high bank, or 
plateau, on the west side of the river, which above Croton Point 
spreads out into the wide and beautiful expanse known as Haver- 
straw Bay." Extensive brick kilns line the river bank. Haver- 
straw is an important station of the West Shore Railroad. 

VERPLANCK'S POINT AND STONY POINT. 

These two points mark the upper end of Haverstraw Bay. 
•' Stony Point " is on the west side of the river, a bold rocky em- 
inence, having a lighthouse on its summit. Opposite, on the east 
side of the river, is " Verplanck's Point," which may be recog- 
nized by several large brick-making establishments, with their 
kilns and drying-houses. Just below Stony Point is "Grassy 
Point," and opposite to it " Montrasse's Point." Between Stony 
and Verplanck's Point the river is only half a mile wide, which 
fact, together with the commanding positions afforded by the 
neighboring hills, rendered this an important pass during the 
Revolutionary War. Long previous to that war a ferry was es- 
tablished here known as "King's Ferry," forming an important 
avenue of communication between the Eastern and Middle States. 
The importance of the Hudson River as a base of operations and 
as a natural boundary was early recognized by Washington, and 
here, as at Washington Heights, fortifications were erected com- 
manding the river. A short distance southwest of Stony Point is 
Treason Hill, whereon stands Smith's house, in which Andre and 
Arnold completed their scheme for the surrender of West Point, 
and whence Andre started to cross King's Ferry, on his fatal jour- 
ney toward New York. North of Stony Point a high limestone 
cliff rises from near the water's edge. At its foot are the " Tomp- 
kins Lime Kilns," looking like a stone fortress with arched case- 
mates. These quarries have been worked for many years, and vast 
quantities of slaked lime are annually shipped to market. Be- 
sides the lime, between 30,ODO and 40,000 tons of gravel, too 
coarse for .slaking, are used for ro id.s in the Central Park, New 
York, and other public highways in the vicinity. 

33 



HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. 



THE CAPTURE OF STONY POINT. 

The forts located at Stony Point were held by the Americana 
until June 1, 1779, when they were simultaneously invested by 
a British force commanded by Sir Henry Clinton. No direct 
attack was made on Fort Lafayette, the work on Verplanck's 
Point, until after the evacuation of Stony Point. The garrison 
at the latter place numbered only 40 men, and abandoned the 
work on the approach of an overwhelming force of the British, 
who quietly took possession, ran up the cross of St. George on 
the flagstaff, and opened fire on Fort Lafayette with the captured 
guns. At the same time Gen. Yaughan attacked on the east side 
of the river, and the weak garrison of 70 men was soon forced to 
surrender. The loss of this position was a severe blow to the 
Americans, compelling them to make a wide dJtour in order to 
keep up their communications. General Anthony Wayne at once 
requested and obtained permission to storm Stony Point, and at 
midnight on the lath of July, 1779, led two columns of picked 
men to the assault. They advanced undiscovered until they were 
close upon the British picket, wliich of course gave the alarm, 
and the garrison turned out. The parapet was manned, and a 
scathing fire of grape and musketry swept the hillside ; but 
" Mad Anthony " was at the head of his column, and, within half 
an hour after the first shot, carried the works at the bayonet's 
point, capturing the entire garrison with its stores. Wayne was 
knocked over, but not seriously injured, by a musket ball. The 
next morning a cannonade was opened on the works at Verplanck's 
Point, and continued through the day. Re-enforcements were 
sent to the British, and it soon became evident that sufficient 
force to hold Stony Point could not he spared by the Americans. 
They therefore dismantled and abandoned the fort, and it passed 
again into British hands. They, however, in turn abandoned the 
position in October, and from that time the Americans retained 
possession. On the one hundredth anniversary of the capture of 
Stony Point, commemorative exercises were held on the spot and 
the battle was fought over again, the cadet battalion from West 
Point participating. 

.8d 



HUDSON RIVER ROtTTK 

PEEESEILL. 

Cortland, Westchester Co., 17. F. , 43 m. fr. New York. 
Soon after rounding Verplanck's Point, Peekskill may be seen 
near the Highlands, on the east bank of the river. At this point, 
in ascending the river, a stranger naturally infers that the stream 
follows the base of the high hills stretching to the eastward. 
This delusion is aided by the wide creek or inlet which opens in 
that direction. It will not therefore be thought strange that in 
early times Jan Peek, a Dutch skipper, steered his craft up this 
creek and in due time ran her hard and fast aground. Jan 
looked about him, and seeing that the land was good, concluded 
to remain, which he accordingly did, and the place is called 
Peekskill unto this day. The village is a pleasant one, and within 
easy reach of all interesting parts of the Highlands. The Rev. 
Henry Ward Beecher has a country residence a little east of the 
village. Fort Independence stood, during Revolutionary times, 
on the point above Peekskill, where its ruins may still be seen. 
And on the point below is the Franciscan Convent Academy of 
" Our Lady of Angels." The village on the point opposite Peeks- 
kill is Caldwel.'s Landing. Above it rise the rocky and weather- 
beaten crags of the Donderberg, or Thunder Mountain, around 
which, at the close of a sultry summer day, black clouds are 
wont to gather, casting a deep inky blackness over mountain and 
river, while muiterings of thunder are echoed from peak to peak, 
with such strange and confused rumblings that we can hardly 
wonder at the superstitions which, according to Irving, peopled 
the hills with a crowd of little imps in sugar-loaf hats and short 
doublets, who were seen at various times " tumbling head over 
heels in the rack and mist," and bringing down frightful squalls 
on such craft as failed to drop the peaks of their mainsails in 
salute to the Dutch goblin who kept the Donderberg. As the 
boat passes Peekskill the view up stream becomes truly magnifi- 
cent. On the east shore, on a wide plateau, is the State Encamp- 
ment, where the regiments of the National Guard of the State of 
New York encamp once a year, in July or August, for drill and in- 
spection. AbovetheDonderbergis Anthony's Nose, 1,200 ft. high. 
In the " History of New York," Irving gives an amusing account 
of the origin of this name. Another says it was once compared 

35 



BUBSOK RIVER ROUTE. 

the nose of one Anthony Hogans, the captain of a sloop, who 
possessed an unusually large nose, and thus the name obtained 
a local currency which eventually became fixed as the title of this 
majestic hill. Ou the west side of the river is- lona Island, on 
which were formerly extensive vineyards, and which now has a 
hotel and is a well-known place of resort. This island is the 
northernmost point which is reached by the sea-breeze. The 
effect upon vegetation is very noticeable in the spring of the 
year. The stream which may be seen falling into the river be- 
iow Anthony's Nose is known as " Brocken Kill." It is full of 
romantic cascades, almost from its mouth to its sources. 

FORTS CLINTON AND MONTGOMESY. 

Cornwall, Orange Co., N. T., 47 m.fr. New Yorlc. 
On the west side of the river, nearly opposite to Anthony's 
Nose, may be seen the mouth of Montgomery Creek. On the 
rocky heights above and below the creek stood Forts Clinton and 
Montgomery, which were in 1777 the principal defences of the 
Hudson. They were considered impregnable to an assault from 
the land side, and with the ordnance of the day they had little to 
fear from a naval attack. A heavy boom, made of a huge iron 
chain on timber floats, stretched across the river, and was made 
fast to the rocks at Anthony's Nose. This, it was thought, would 
effectually prevent the ascent of a ho-stile fleet. On October G, 
1777, Sir Henry Clinton sent a strong detachment around and 
over the Donderberg to attack these forts in the rear. A demon- 
stration on the east side of the river had led General Putnam to 
aiitic'pate an attack on Fort Independence, near Peekskill, and 
a portion of the garrison at Fort Montgomery was temporarily 
withdrawn to strengthen that post. The British had a sharp 
skirmish with an American detachment at Lake Sinnipink, 
which is atill known among the inhabitants as "Bloody Pond." 
This attack was the first warning which aroused the garrison at 
the forts. In the course of the afternoon the forts were at- 
tacked, and the garrisons defended themselves gallantly until 
evening, when, it having become evident that they could not 
nold out, they took to the mountains, an orderly retreat being 
impossible, and so the greater part escaped. An American flo- 

36 



HUDSON RIVER ROtJTE. 

tilla, of two sloops and some smaller craft, which lay above the 
boom, was abandoned and burned to prevent its falling into the 
enemy's hands. The next morning the boom was destroyed, and 
the British fleet, with a detachment of troo^js, proceeded up the 
river. A short time afterward the British received the news of 
Burgoyne's surrender, and abandoned the forts. The West 
Shore K.. R. here crosses Montgomery Creek on a fine iron bridge. 
WEST POINT (^-"«d/«i/). 
Cornwall, Orange Co.^ N. Y., 51 m. fr. New York. 
Soon after passing the former site of Fort Montgomery, the 
gray ruius of Fort Putnam appear crowning the heights above 
West Point. A little cove may now be seen in the east bank of 
the river, where is a stone wharf, and two or three small build- 
ings. This is " Beverly Dock," from which Arnold started in his 
hasty flight to the "Vulture," which lay in Tappan Bay. On the 
hill, not far distant, is Robinson's house, where Arnold was 
breakfasting when he received the news of Andre's capture. 
Nearly opposite, and a little above Beverly Dock, Buttermilk 
Falls may bo seen breaking in snow-white foam over a black 
sloping rock. A considerable village stands on the stream above 
the fall, called Highland Falls. Cranston's Landing is about ona 
mile below the regular Goverument Laudiug at West Point. 
Several of the Steamboats that run on the Hudson make both 
landings, but the steamers of the Day Line make but the one stop 
at the government Dock at West Point. Stages for Cranston's 
Hotel and Highland Falls await the arrival of the Steamers at the 
West Point Landing, and at Cranston's. The carriage road from 
Cranston's to West Point runs along the side of the mountain, and 
affords very delightful views of the river, and the picturesque 
mountain region on the east side of the Hudson. The region is 
the most charming of any portion of the Hudson River. Cran- 
ston's Hotel, a favorite and fashionable resort during the summer 
months, is on a commanding height near the falls. This hotel is 
surrounded on all sides by the most charming walks and plensuie 
grounds. The West Shore Railway passes directly under the West 
Point parade-grounds, through a tunnel beginning on the South 

near the boat landing. 

87 



THE NEW YORK HOTEL. 

This long-established favorite hotel has been put in com- 
plete ORDER, AND WILL COMPARE FAVORABLY IN ALL RESPECTS WITH 

any first-class hotel in the united states. 

Situated on Broadway, between Washington and Waverley 
Places, occupying the entire block and a large house on block 
adjoining, connected by a bridge. Capacity, five hundred guests. 
A first-class restaurant has recently been opened to accommo- 
date guests and the public generally. 

The location is unsurpassed fob healthfulness and conven- 
ience OF access by surface and elevated railways to all parts 

OF the city. 

Conducted on both American and European plans. Price of 

rooms, with board, three dollars per day; without board, onk 

dollar and upward. 

H. CRANSTON, Proprietor. 

CRANSTON'S WEST POINT HOTEL, 

On Hudson— In the Highlands. 

H. CRANSTON, - _ _ Proprietor. 

Open from May 1 to November 1. 

•' Nature and art have combined to make West Point one of the 
most picturesque and attractive spots on the continent. 

"It does not seem possible for one to inhale the pure air of the 
Highlands, and enjoy the comforts provided by Mr. Cranston, without 
being made sensible of having received in many respects more or less 
benefit. 

" The complete appointments of the house, the high moral tone and 
standing of the guests, all serve to make a summer spent at Crnnston's 
West Point Hotel one of the most enjoyable ever passed." — Authok 
OF "Hudson Highlands." 



HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. 

THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY. 

West Point is best known as the site of the United States Mili- 
tary Academy. Before the commencement of the present cen- 
tury, Washington suggested this place as well adapted for the 
establishment of such an institution, but no formal steps were 
taken by Congress until 1802. Ten years later, in 1812, the 
school was fairly established, and has ever since continued to in- 
crease iu importance and excellence. Few of the academy build- 
ings can be seen from a passing boat, the buildings being situated 
on an elevated plateau, about ISO feet above the river. This 
plateau is occupied by the various barracks, schools, arsenals, 
etc., connected with the institution bordering a broad parade 
open for military evolutions, parades, etc., and overlooked by the 
grand summits of the surrounding hills. There is no institution 
in the land better calculated to make a favorable impression on 
the visitor than this academy. The good order and strict disci- 
pline which prevail, however irksome they may be to the cadets, 
have the effect of imparting to them a mental and physical train- 
ing which they never forget. The most accomplished officers of 
the army are detailed as instructors, with a special professional 
staff appointed from civil life. Visitors properly introduced may 
be present at recitations and indeed observe all the elaborate 
organization that gives this famous military school its well- 
deserved fame. The life of a cadet is by no means an easy one. 
His physique must be perfect and his mental capacity of no mean 
order to enable him to pass successfully through the four years 
of study and military training. The average number of cadets 
is about 250. Candidates for admission are nominated by mem- 
bers of Congress and by the President, a certain number being 
fixed for each congressional district. These candidates report 
for examination in June of each year, and, if they are mentally 
and i)hysically qualified, are admitted as cadets, which is, in mili- 
tary rank, a grade below second lieutenant. The course of in- 
struction is very thorough and complete, especially in mathe- 
matics ; military tactics and operations bearing an important 
place. The best time to visit West Point is during the months 
of July and August when the cadets go into camp. Drills, 

38 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

parades, and guard-mountings are the order of the day, all being 
done in the best manner known to military science. West Point 
was the scene of no actual fighting during the Revolution, 
although it was fortified. A boom similar to that which waa 
prepared at Fort Montgomery was stretched across the river to 
Constitution Island which was also heavily fortified toward the 
latter part of the war, and remains of the old batteries may still 
be seen. This island is now owned by, and is the residence of 
Miss Warner, author of " The Wide, Wide World," etc. Of the 
fortifications on the west side of the river Fort Putnam is the 
most interesting. It is 590 feet above the river, and the vievr 
from its crumbling walls is exeeedingly fine. 




INDIAN F.VLLS, GARRISON, N. Y. 

GARRISON. 

Philipstaicn, Putnam Co.^ N. F., 50 m. fr. Neio York. 
Hot k l — lU<ih la » d IIo use. 
This station, named in honor of a disiinguished family of Rev- 
olutionary fame, is on the east bank of the Hudson, oppositfl 

39 



HUDS(M RIVER ROITTK. 

West Point. It is surrounded by the most sublime and pictur- 
esque scenery of the Hudson, and is associated with some of the 
eventful scenes of Revolutionary times. On the east bank of the 
river, about one mile south of the depot is, the Robinson House, 
where Benedict Arnold received the letter from Colonel Jauiieson, 
informing him of the arrest of Andre. 

\ 
COLD SPRING. 

PhiUpstoicn, Putnam Co., JV. Y., 54 m. fr. New York. 
Cold Spring is noted for its iron foundry. Here, under the su- 
perintendence of Major Parrot, were cast the celebrated Parrot 
guns, which did such good service in the war of the Rebellion. 
On an elevated plateau near the village is " Undercliff," the coun- 
try-seat of the late George P. Morris. The mountain immediately 
above " Cold Spring" is "' Bull Hill," or, to give its more classic 
name, " Mt. Taurus." It is 1,586 feet in height. Just above 
this elevation, and separated from it by a valley, is " Breakneck 
Hill," 1,187 feet high. It is stated that the former of these hills 
was once the abode of a wild bull, which became such a scarce 
of dread to the inhabitants that they organized a hunt, and drove 
the animal from his accustomed haunts across the valley to the 
neighboring hill, where he dashed over the rocks and broke his 
neck. The two hills were named in honor of this adventure. 
"Breakneck Hill" was formerly distinguished by a huge mass 
of rock, bearing a marked resemblance to a human face. This 
singular formation was for many years one of the sights to be 
looked at by every passenger up or down the river. In 1840 a 
party of workmen was blasting near by, under the charge of a 
Captain Ayers, and an unfortunate blast loosened the rock, so 
that "St. Anthony's Face," as it was called, was forever de- 
stroyed. Mr. Blake accuses Ayers of intentionally causing this 
mutilation of the mountain, but we are loth to believe that such 
could have been the case. The face was on the southwestern 
angle of the mountain, and the wreck of fallen rocks may 
still be seen from the passing boat. The promontory at the foot 
of Bull Hill is known as " Little Stony Point." On the west side 
of the river are " Cro' Nest" and " Butter Hill." The former is 
the one next above West Point. It is 1,418 feet high, and seoa 

40 



HUDSO^f RIVER ROUTE. 

rate J irom Butter Hill by a wild and picturesque valley. The 
name " Cro' Nest" probably was at first applied to a deep tocky 
depression which exists near the summit, but it is now under- 
stood to meau the mountain itself. The name will recall Joseph 
Rodman Drake's beautiful poem, " The Culprit Fay," the scene 
of which is laid amoufj these hills. 

The precipice which forms the river-face of " Cro' Nest" is 
known as'"Kidd's Plug Cliff." It owes its name to a singular 
projecting mass of rock which may be seen near its summit. The 
neighboring mountain named ' ' Klinkersberg " by the Dutch, has 
of late come to be called the Storm King, and as the old name is 
neither beautiful nor appropriate, it will soon be forgotten. Its 
summit is 1,02!) feet hi<ih. To the late N. P. Willis is due the 
credit of rechristening this grand peak, as well as giving appro- 
priate names to other objects of interest in the vicinity, 

CORNWALL LANDING. 

Cornwall, OrniKje (to., N. F., 50 m. fr. New York. 
The village of Cornwall is a short distance west of the river. The 
beauty of its situation renders it a fashionable resort during the 
summer, when its many beautiful residences are the scene of a 
constant round of gayety Entertaining summer visitors has be- 
come the characteristic business of the town. About 5,00U per- 
sons annually take their summer abode in this town, and the 
permanent population has increased within a few years to about 
8,000 souls. The hotels and boarding-houses do not reach the 
magnificent proportions of some of the Saratoga hotels, but are 
neat and convenient, and from its nearness to New York, and 
facilities of access, the town has reached a great popularity for 
summer residence. There are several schools and churches, a 
savings bank, public library and reading-room in the village. 
" Idlewild," the former residence of N. P. Willis, and where he 
passed the last fifteen years of his life, is on the road leading from 
Cornwall to Newburg. Tt is scarcely visible from the river. 
Several other handsome country-seats are scattered along on the 
west bank of the river. After passing Breakneck Hill, " Beacon 
Hill " may be seen to the eastward. This elevation is 1,471 feet 
in height, and commands a prospect which has given it considerable 

41 



HUDSON RIVEB BOUTB. 

oelebriiy. It was used during the Revolution as a signal statioiv 
Looking to the westward as soon as the Storm King ceases tc 
obstruct the view, the summits of the Shawangunk (pronounced 
Shonggum) Mts. may be seen trending away to the northward 
and almost joining the blue outline of the distant Catskills. Just 
at the upper entrance to the Highlands is PollipeVs Island^ a rocky 
bit of lEfround, to which a supernatural origin was ascribed by the 
Indians. In 1777 a chevaux defrise, made of logs with pointed 
iron heads, was sunk between the island and the mainland to 
prevent British ships from ascending the river ; but it seems to 
have proved ineffectual. This island and the neighboring hiUs 
have from time to time been searched for deposits of treasure 
supposed to have been concealed by the almost mythical Captain 
Kidd. The view down stream from above Breakneck Hill is one 
of the finest on che river, including several of the grandest peaka 
of the Highlands, with the noble river flowing at their feet. 

There are numerous hotels and boardmg-houses at Cornwall, 
offering good accommodations at very reasonable prices. 

The New York, Ontario and Western Eailroad diverges from 

the West Shore E,ailroad at Cornwall. Its trains move over the 

West Shore R. E. track from New York to the union depot at this 

point, but here diverge northwestward to Lake Ontario. 

FISHKILI LANDING. 

Fishkill, Dutchess Co.rN. F., oOm.fr. New York. 

This landing is the port, so to term it, of FisJikill, five mile* 
inland. The Matteawan Creek falls into the Hudson at thLi 
point. At Fishkill this stream furnishes water-power for several 
mills and factories of large size. The situation of this town is 
extremely romantic, being surrounded on aU sides by high and 
rocky hills, which are full of wild and picturesque ravines. 
FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, 

A short distance south of Fishkill Land ng Station of the 
N. Y. C. & H. R. R. is the Hudson River terminus of the New 
York and New England Railroad, the station being called by the 
latter company. "Fishkill-on-Hudson." A large tract of land 
has been reclaimed from the river at ^his point, upon which 
tracks have been laid, making a thriving railroad center. 

43 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

Connection is made with the New York, Lake Erie and Western 
Railroad at Newbiirgli,upon the opposite side of the river by means 
of the mammoth transfer steamer, William T. Hart, which has 
a capacity of transferring eighteen (18) loaded cars at once. The 
completion of this road in 1880 opened an important thorough- 
fare from Boston to the West, and particularly from the great 
manufacturing centres of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con- 
necticut, to the coal fields and oil regions of PennsylvaDia. 
Thousands of car loads of coal have already been shipced direct 
from the mines to the very doors of the manufactories, and at 
prices competing favorably with the old way of shipping via 
New England seaports. 

The extent of coal transportation thus far has only been limited 
by the efforts of the management to provide facilities for it. 
Rolling stock and other equipment is constantly in process of 
construction to meet the requirements of this business. 

The completion of this line to the Hudson River has also pro- 
vided a convenient and pleasant route from principal points in 
New England to the resorts in the Catskill Mountains, and many 
tourists to that region have availed themselves of fl The road 
passes through a picturesque country, which, in places is exceed- 
ingly romantic. Excursion tickets at very low rates, are on sale 
at Boston and other principal stations on the line 1o Newburgh, 
thence to New York via Hudson River Steamers, and returning 
via Norwich Line or vice versa. These also are quite popular 
afi they include much of the beautiful scenery of the Hudson. 

Early the present season, a through passenger service will be 
established from Boston, Providence, Hartford, W^ateibury, and 
Danbury to the west, in connection with the Erie system. 

This, together with the Transfer Maryland Route, which ie 
the only line between Boston and Philadelphia, Baltimore or 
Washington, without change of cars, and the successful opera- 
tion of the Norwich Line via the Sound, between New York and 
Boston, is evidence of an enterprise out-bidding the most san- 
([uine hopes of its friends and promoters. 

The road has met with many reverses, and has struggled hard 
and long for an existence, and has finally attained such eminence 
fis to rank among the greatest corporations of New England. 

43 



HUDSON BIYEB KOCTK. 

NEWBTTBOH. 

Ifmlmrgh, Orange Co., If. T. , 60 m.fr. New York. Pop. 20,0W 

HoTEt — United States. 

This is one of the largest and most thriving cities on the Had 
•on. It stands on an elevation on the west bank of the river, 
commanding a noble view of the Highlands and of the Matteawan 
Mountains. It is the eastern terminus of the J)fewburgh Branch 
of the Erie Railway, which joins the main line at Greycourt, 
nineteen miles west. This branch delivers over a million tons ol 
coal annually at Newburgh for reshipment. Newburgh is an im- 
portant station of the New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
Railway. The city rises from the river in a succession of 
terraces, the first plateau being about 130 feet above the water, 
the second 190 feet, and still further west it reaches an elevation 
of 300 feet above the Hudson. It has several charitable and 
educational institutions, among which are the Newburgh Aims- 
House, about two miles west of the center of the city, the Home 
for the Friendless, on Montgomery Street, and the Theological 
Seminary of the Associate Reformed (United Presbyterian) 
Church. This seminary stands on a commanding height, over- 
looking the city and river. In this institution is a library of over 
5,000 volumes, some of which are very rare and valuable. The 
Public Schools are excellent, and are attended by about 5,000 
children. The Public Library is a beautiful building in the cen- 
tral part of the city, and contains about 10,000 volumes of well- 
selected books, etc., controlled by the school oflBcers of the city. 
Newburgh is one of the handsomest cities on the Hudson, and 
is celebrated as the residence of a wealthy and cultured class 
of people, some of whom are famous for their literary produc- 
tions. N. P. WiUis, J. T. Headley, and many other celebrities, 
had their country-seats in or near Newburgh. 

A flag-staff, standing in the southern part of the town, may b« 
seen from the steamer. Near this is an old stone house now 
owned and kept in order by the State, which was occupied by 
Washington as his headquarters vvhen the army lay at New Wind- 
■or, two miles south. This h luse contains many interesting relict 
of the Revolutionary War. At the foot of the flag-staff before 
(Q«ntioned, the last surviving member of Washington's Life Quarci 
4i 



HUDSON RIVER BOUTX. 

wua buried in 1856, and a monument, with an appropriate insorip- 
Uon. standi over his grave A short distance south of Newboxgh 
is the site of the American camp, where, during the winter oi 
1783, the troops suffered so severely from small-pox. 

The Newburgh Institute, or Mr. Siglar's School, is an excellent 
fcnd well-established boarding-school for boys. The building is a 
large stone structure, overlooking the city, and commanding a 
view of some of the finest scenary of the Hudson. The school i< 
one of the best in New York Sta.,e, 

LOW POINT. 
Fi^fJikiU, Dutcfiess Co., N. F., 64 m. fr. New York. 
This is a small village on the east bank of the Hudson. Oppo- 
site, ou the west bank, is a flat rock, now crowned with cedars, 
which Hendrick Hudson and his comrades named the Dui/veli 
Dans Kamer, in consequence of an Indian pow-wow which they 
witnessed at night, with all its hideous accessories of fire and 
war-paint. The rock is still known by this name. 

NEW HAHLBUBG, 
Poughkeepsie, Dntchess Co., N. T,, 66 m. fr. New York, 
itands at the mouth of Wnppinger's Creek, which falls into tbe 
Hudson on the east side. This stream is crossed at its mouth by 
a long trestle bridge, with a draw in the middle. Wappinger'a 
Falls is on Wappiager's Creek, 2 miles from New Hamburg village 
A ferry plies between New Hamburg and Hampton, opposite. 
On the heights above the landing are charming views of the Hud- 
son and its surrounding scenery. 

MAHLBOROUOH, 
Marlborough, Ulster Co., N. T., 66 m. fr. New York, 
ta pleasantly situated on the west bank of the Hudson, overlook- 
^g the river and the country beyond. Back of the Tillage aae 
tiifl Shawangunk Mountains, and intervening is a hilly country 
of great beauty. The West Shore R. R. runs along the river bank 
through Marlboroiigh Landing, a mile east of the village. In 
this vicinity a beautiful grove of Arbor Vita, or white cedar 
trees, will be noticed on the west bank, above Marlborough, 
where an entire hillside is covered with the delicate, pencil-like 



HUDSON EIVEE EOUTE. 

forms of this symmetrical and graceful tree, giving a very pic« 
turesque effect to the scenery of this region. 

MILTON FERRY OR BAENEaAT. 
Poughlceepsie^ Dutchess Co.^ JV. F"., 71 in.fr. Neio York. 

The village is a mile west of the river landing and the West 
Shore R. li. station. A part of it may be seen crowning the steep 
bank which rises from the western shore of the river. Larj^e quan- 
tities of berries and other fruits are raised in this vicinity for the 
New York market. Just before reaching Poughkeepsie, which 
city may be seea ou the bluff beyond, we pas.i Locust Grove, the 
country seat of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse. It can hardly be 
necessary to remind any civilized being that Prof. Morse is the 
inventor of the Morse alphabet, which made the electric telegraph, 
of which he was also one of the original discoverers, indispensable 
to every nation of Christendom. The professor made other use- 
ful inventions, and had in his earlier life a reputation as an artist. 
His fame, however, rests on the discovery of the electric telegraph 
and its handmaid the alphabet, and for this he has received many 
testimonials from European sovereigns, and from scientific associ- 
ations all over the world. 

POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Toin.fr. Neio York. 
The city of Poughkeepsie is built on a table-land, at a considera- 
ble height, so that its spires and buildings may be seen from a 
long distance up and down the river. The name is a corruption 
of the Indian name given to the cove which once existed at the 
mouth of Fall Kill. Two peculiar elevations w.U be noticed at 
the river-side, the southern of which bears the name of "Call 
Rock," from the fact that the inhabitants used to ha!l passing 
vessels from its summit. The place was settled by the Dutch 
about lODy, and incorporated as a city in 1854. The principal 
object of interest to the antiquary is the Van Kleck house, a 
stone structure with loop-holes in its walls. It was built in 
1705. The State Legisl:ituro met in ib in 1777 and 1778, when 
the British held New York, and had burned their former meeting 
place at Esopus. There also the State Convention for the ratifica- 
t.on of the Federal Coastitution met, in 1788. 57 members werg 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

present, and after a long debate, in which such men as Governor 
Clinton, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton took part, the Con- 
stitution was ratified by a majority of three. Poughkeepsie is 
the shire town of Dutchess County, and contains the usuid court 
and jail buildings. Its streets are beautifully shadeil, its situaiion 
is very healthful, and everything combines to make it most, attrac- 
tive as a residence. The Vassar P'emale College is the largest and 
most important of the many excellent educational institutions of 
Poughkeepsie. The late Matthew Vassar, a wealthy citizen of 
Poughkeepsie, founded and endowed this extensive college. It 
is intended for the education of women only, and is the most 
complete establishment of its kind in the world. 

HIGHLAND. 

Lloyd, Ulster Co., N. Y., 75 in. fr. New York. 
Highland village, 1,500 inhabitants, is opposite Poughkeepsie, 
and abont a mile and a half west of Highland Station, on the West 
Shore R. II. and the river. A good carriage road leads from the 
landing to Highland Village and New Paltz, 9 miles west of the 
Hudson. A ferry connects Highland with Poughkeepsie. 

HYDE PAEK. 

Hyde Park, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 9i0in.fr. New York. 
Named in honor of Sir Edward Hyde, one of the early British 
Governors of New York. The village is half a mile east of the 
river- bank, on a beautiful and fertile table-laud. The bend in 
the river between rocky bluffs is known to river men as " Crom 
Elbow," a combination of the original Dutch name and its Eng- 
lish equivalent. A creek of the same name falls into the river. 
The point on the east shore is " De Vroos Point." A light iron 
foot-bridge will be noticed crossing a deep cutting of the 
Hudson River Railroad. The house beyond is that of Josepli 
Boor man, first President of the Hudson River Railroad. Be- 
tween Hyde Park and Oak Hill, JJO miles above, there are many 
extensive and ancient country-seats, some of them antedating 
the Revolution. The beautj' of the country seems to have 
attracted men of taste and wealth in those days to make their 
homes along this fertile bluff and in mauy oases their descendants 
still occupy the old mansions of their fathers — a state of thinga 

47 



HTTDSON RIVEK ROUTE. 

_,o rare in America as to deserve especial notice. About a mile 
above Hyde Park lauding is " Placentia," the former home of the 
late James K. Pauldiug, one of the pioneers of American litera- 
ture, and the friend of Washington Irving. Opposite, on the 
west bank, but scarcely in sight from the river, is the famous 
apple farm of R. L. Pell, Esq. On this farm there are said to be 
25,000 bearing apple trees. The fruit of these trees is packed 
with the greatest care, and much of it is shipped to Europe. 

STAATSBURG. 

Ilnde Park, Dutchesa Co., N. 7!, Sj m.fr. Neio York. 

The banks of the river from this i)lace northward lose the pre- 
cijiitous character which has marked them thus far, and slope less 
abruptly from the river. Two miles above Hyde Park " Esopua 
Island " will be noticed near the east bank. Just below, on the 
west side of the river, is the residence of John Astor. Esq. Op- 
posite are two fine estates, the lower owned by Dr. Ilussack, and 
the upper by Mrs. M. Livingston. The village of Staatsburg is 
on the east bank. 

RHINEBECK. 
Rhinebeck, iJiitchens Co., ^Y. V., 90 ?«. //•. Jiew Yoi-k. 

Not far above Staatsburg, on the east side of the river, is the 
couutry-seat known as WilderclKf. It is by no means so elegant 
as many of the neighboring estates; but to members of the 
Methodist Church in America it is interesting as having been 
built by Freeborn Garret'son, the eminent preacher, who married 
a sister of Chancellor Livingston, and to whose energy is due 
much of the prosperity of that branch of the Christian Church. 
The place may be recognized by the broad lawn which lies in 
front of the house. Next above this place is Ellerslie, the resi- 
dence of the Hon. William Kelly, long prominent in political life. 
His estate contains about (500 acres, much of which is devoted to 
gardens and ornamental grounds, and the rest is highly cultivated 
as a farm. The quaint stone house on a hdl near Rhinebeck 
Landing is the Beekman House, built prior to 1700. It served as 
a < hurch and as a fort during early times, when the Indians were 
hostile and powerful. '1 he village nf Rhinebeck is 2 miles from 
the river, and cannot be seen from the steamer. Within the 

4« 




I»§fe>4^^*- *' 



HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. 

limits of the town there is an extensive vein of gold-bearing 
quartz, which yields the precious metal in paying qnautitiea. 
The western terminus of the Hartford & Connecticut Western 
Uuilroad is at Rhine Cliff on the Hudson. This E. E. forms a 
(1ii<H-t route between Connecticut and Ehode Island and the 
Catskill Mountains, and other points on the Hudson. 

This is one of the principal points of entry to the Oatskil] 
Mountain region. 

EONDOUT. 
Kingston, Ulster Coitnty, N. Y., 00m.fr. New York. 
HoTEi, — Mansion House. 
Rondout Creek enters the Hudson from the westward. It 
mouth is the eastern end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, 
which joins the creek 2i miles above. This canal, finished in 
1828, extends to the vicinity of the Pennsylvania coal fields ; and 
every provision is made at Rondout for the trans-shipment of vast 
quantities of coal. Eondout is now a part of the city of Kings- 
ton, with which it was incorporated in 1878. From it the Ulstei 
and Delaware R. R. runs in a northwesterly direction into the 
Catskill Mountain Regions. It is the point of departure from the 
Hudson River to the southern part of the Catskill range, includ- 
ing the Overlook Mountain. Hudson River R. R. passengers land 
at Rhinebeck, and cross the river by steam ferry to Rondout, 
thence by rail to the Catskills and Delaware County. The Wall- 
kill Valley R. R. runs southwest from Rondout, connecting with 
Erie R. R. for New York or the West. 

i'he Mansion House is the principal hotel and is situated in 
the center of the business part of the city, not far from the rail- 
road depot and steamboat landings. It is a fiirst-class hotel, and 
is kept in an excellent style. 

KINGSTON, 
formerly Esopus, is on Esopus Creek, which at that point ap- 
proaches within about 2 miles of Rondout, and then curves 
to the northward, entering the Hudson 12 miles above. 
Kingston is one of the principal points of departure for 
the Catskill region from the West Shore Railway, which 
coimects with the mountain railroads. Kingston was settled 
in 1G14, and was thrice destroyed by Indians before a 

49 




" '"'^^^wfi^sr*^,. 



CATSKIl L MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 



HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. 

permanent footing was obtained by the Europeans. In 1777 the 
State Legislature met and formed a constitution. In the autumn 
of the same year, soon after the capture of Forts Montgomery 
and Clinton by the British, General Vaughan, with 8,0U0 troops, 
landed at lioiidout, marched to Kingston (then Esopus), and 
sacked and burned the town, remaining until he received the 
news of liurgoyne's surrender, when he at once retired to New 
York, abandoning all that he had gained. While Esopus (Kings- 
ton) was burning, the inhabitants fled to Hurley, a neighboring 
village, where the small force of American troops tried and hung 
a messenger who was caught carrying dispatches from Clinton to 
Burgoyne. When first caught, this man swallowed a silver ball, 
which an emetic brought again to light, and which was found to 
contain the fatal dispatch. 

BARRYTOWN. 

Red Ilook, Dutchess County, JSf. Y. , 96 m. fr. New YorTc. 
Formerly known as Lower Red Hook Landing. A little above 
Rhinebeck is the residence of William B. Astor. It may be recog- 
nized by its tower and pointed roof. This estate is named " Roke- 
by," and is one of the finest on the river. Next above is the estate 
known as Montgomery Place, surpassing in beauty, if possible, 
the last one mentioned. The house was built by the wife of 
Geueral Montgomery, who fell in the assault on Quebec in 1775. 
Her brother, Edward Living.-^ton, succeeded her in the ownership 
of the place, and his family still occupies it. Near the eastern 
shore, 2 miles above Barrytown, is Cruger's Island, a spot made 
beautiful by nature and art. In a grove near the southern end 
stands a ruin which was imported from Italy by the former pro- 
prietor of the island. Its broken arches may be seen among the 
trees as the boat passes, formmg a singular contrast with the mod- 
ern architecture of the neighboring house. The latter, however, 
is not in sight from the boat at the same time with the ruin. A 
glimpse of it may be caught in passing, a short distance above. 

TIVOLI. 

Red Hook, Dutchess Co., ]^. Y., 100 m. fr. New York. 
This is a small village around the railway station. It is con- 
nected with Saugerties on the west b;ink of the river by a steam 

5U 




THE FAWN'S LEAP. 



HITDSON EIVER ROUTE. 

ferry. It is one of the stations at which passengers deport from 
the railroad trains who desire to go to the famous Overlook 
Mountain House — one of the finest mountain hotels in the Cats- 
kills. Passengers from the steamers leave the boat at the Sauger- 
ties landing, and go thence by stage 13 miles to the " Overlook." 
Near the village is an old mansion, now owned by Col. De Peys- 
ter, which was built before the Revolution by one of the Living- 
ston family. The British, on their way to burn C aremont, a 
little above, in 1777, stopped here un ler the impression that this 
was the house to be destroyed. The proprietor, however, aided 
by his we 1-stocked wine-cellar, convinced them of their mistake, 
and they left him unmolested. 

SAUGEETIES. 

Saugerties, Ulster Co., N. Y., 101 m. fr. New Tark. 
It is an important village of about 4,000 inhabitants, on the 
New York, West Shore and Buffalo Eailroad, on the west side of 
the Hudson. The village is about 1 mile from the steamboat land- 
ing, with which it is connected by stages that meet all passeng(;i 
boats and trains. Saugerties is near the mouth of Esopus Creek, 
which is navigable to the village. There are extensive ii-on works 
and paper mills at this place, and large quantities of Uagging- 
stone are quarried in the vicinity. The Bigelow Blue Stone 
Co. employ in their various quarries in Ulster County ^,500 
men, and quarry 200,000 tons of stone annually. '" Plattekill 
("love," which lies back of this place, in the mountains, is a re- 
markably wild and rugged ch ism, affording scenery of varied 
grandeur aid beauty. A road winds through this gorge up to the 
(.'atskill Mountain House region beyond. 

GERMAN TOWN 

Oermantown, Columbia Co., N. Y., 105 m.fr. Neto York. 
The view of the Catskill Mountains is here very fine. The en- 
tire range can be seen. Germantown is not directly upon the 
river bank, and cannot be seen from the boat. The large white 
building on a hill near the landing is the " Riverside Seminary," 
established by Philip Rockafellow. A few miles above German- 
town is the mouth of " Roeleff Jansen Kill," where the origina' 
Livingston Manor House stood. Robert R. Livingston, Chajice> 

51 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

LOT of New York, built an elegant house, a little south of the old 
one, where his mother continued to reside. Chancellor Living- 
ston's active sympathy with the cause of the Republic during the 
Revolution made him so obnoxious to the British, that when Gen- 
eral Vaughau burned Esopus he sent an expedition up the river 
to burn Claremont — the name of the Livings. on estate. They 
burned both the houses, but new and more elegant ones were at 
once erected near the ruins, and Claremont is still one of the fin- 
est country-seats on the river. Chancellor Livingston's name 
will always be associated with that of Robert Fulton. The ex- 
periments of Fulton would probably have been delayed for years 
had it not been for the generous aid of Chancellor Livingston. 
After a series of discouraging failures in Paris and New York, 
their efforts were crowned with success, and in September, 1807, 
the " Claremont " made her first trip from New York to Albany, 
bearing Fulton, the Chancellor, and others. 

CATSKILL. 

Gatskill, Greene Co., iV. Y., Ill m. fr. New York. pop. 4,000. 
Hotels — Pro»pect Park Hotel ; Irving House. 
Catskill Landing is at the end of a long causeway, reaching 
across the shallows, on the western shore. But little of the town 
can be seen from the river. Cats Kill enters the Hudson near by, 
winding through rocky bluffs, with a deep channel, which is nav- 
igable for large vessels a mile from its mouth. The Catskill 
JMountaiu Railroad runs from Catskill to Psilenville at the foot 
of the mountains. Passer gers for Mon tain, Kaaterskill and 
Laurel Houses take this railroad at the landing. The West Shore 
Railway crosses Catskill Creek on a high bridge in the western 
part of the village. It also connects with the Catskill Mount- 
ain railroad. The Prospect Park Hotel, on the high bluff 
overlooking the river and village, is the leading resort hotel 
of the town, and its commanding position and excellent man- 
agement have made it a popular summer resort. From the 
Prospect Park Hotel the views of the mountains on either side of 
the river are really sublime, and the combination of mountain, 
i-iv*T, and intervale scenery is marvelously beautiful and charm- 
ing. The rapidly-passing commerce of the Hudson adds a pano- 



HUDSON lilVER KOUTE. 



ramie effect, enlivening the scene and delig-hting the spectatoi 
with ever- varying views. The Prospei;t Park Hotel opens about 
the middle of June for the season. The Irving House is a new, 
cotnniodious hotel in the center of the village of Catskill, afford- 
ing excellent accommodations for very moderate prices. It is kept 
0])en throughout the year. Hendiick Hudson anchored the ' ' Half- 
Moon " at the mouth of Cats Kill, on the 2Uth of September, 
1(!')9, and was visited by large numbers of friendly Indians, who 
l)rought provisions of all sorts, in return for which as is stated 
by Juet, the historian of Hud.son's voyage, some' of them were 
made drunk. Thomas Cole, one of the pioneers of American 
Landscape Art, had his studio in this vicinity, whore he could 
study nature in her most beautiful forms. H-re he painted the 
celebrated allegorical series of pictuies known as "The Voyage 
of Life." Church, the great landscape paiitsr has a beautiful 
country-seit on the summit on the east side of the Hudson, oppo- 
sito f'ntskill. It comniands .some of tlie snli'iiunst river views. 

IRVING HOUSE, CATSKILL, N. Y. 




A large, commodious brick hotel iu tlie centre of the villa3;e. with first-claes 
ncc imiu xlations for travelers anrl tourists. Hot an 1 cold waie-, barker sliop. 
bata Dim.-, e:c. Boar I by the day or week. Ad Omnibus attends all Trains 
and B.ia's. wit'i an antliorizo 1 /\L;ent to give i iformatinn auil attend to the 
fcu^sts ot this hon.se. Parties desiring Country Cnard furni.'ibed with intormation 
Fe^'ardinj thj d.ffer^jut localities and iirices. H. A. PERSON, Proprietor, 



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HUDSON EIVEK ROUTE. 

THE CATSKILLS. 

The Catskill mountains have probably been seen and admired, 
if not visited, by more travelers than any other mountain group 
on the American continent. The mountains of this region belong 
to the great Appalachian range, which traverses the eastern por- 
tion of the United States from the States bordering on the Gulf 
of Mexico to the basin of the St. Lawrence River. Approaching 
within ten miles of a great natural highway, they have, since the 
earliest days of the settlement of the country, commanded the at- 
tention of all voyagers on the Hudson River, and, since the enor- 
mous increase of travel induced by modern multiplicatiou of rail- 
roads and steamboats, they are annually seen by millions and 
visited by thousands. Moreover, they have been celebrated in songc 
and story, and one of the most popiilar and successful actors of our 
time has made Irving's character of Rip Van Winkle, with the 
mountain region where he lived and slept, familiar to the English 
speaking world. The group of summits known under this name 
lies wiihia the couutiea of Greene, Ulster, ani Delaware, in New 
York. They are a part of the great mountain system which fol- 
lows the Atlantic seaboard from the Arctic regions almost to the 
Gulf of Mexico, and known at d fferent p irts of its course as the 
White Mountains, the Green Mountiiin^, tho Blue Ridge, etc., et3. 

In ascendiog the Hudson the firs!^. ]>o[ to'l divergence for moun- 
tain travel is Rondout (City of K ngstonK The landing made by 
the Day Line of Steamers is at Rhiueback, oa the east side of the 
river, whence a steam ferry convej's passengers across the river 
to Rondout. Here is the terminus of the Ulster & Delaware 
Railroad, following up the valley of the Esopus which skirts and 
penetrates the southern and western portion of the mountans. 
The opening of this road rendered access to this portion of the 
mountains so easy that numerous and excellent hotels have bi-en 
built in localities which the traveler could formerly reach o iy 
by a long and tedious stage route. 

The trauk rises by a steep gradient 184 feet above the river, .'md 
ahnost immediately comes in sight of Overlook Mo. mtain. In the 
nine miles which are passed before reaching West Hurley, the train 
climbs 53 J feet above the river. Before reaching the station the 

54 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

OVERLOOK MOUNTAIN HOUSE 
may be seen perched upon the shoulder of the mountain, and seem 
ing much nearer thau the railway will seem when viewed from 
above. The profile of the range is exceedingly fine from this point 
of view, and there are many who derive more enjoyment from 
looking ctt a mountain range than in looking />•(•>?« it. The stage 
road tends in a northerly direction after leaving the station, leaves 
the outlying range with its three summits, '' Tonche Hook.'' 
" Ticetenyck," and " Little Tonche " on the left, and soon begins 
the long ascent of Overlook Mountain. The hotel stands on a 
plateau 3,000 feet above tide water, and a little below the highest 
point of the mountain, and commands views toward all points of 
the compa.ss, that toward the south embracing a large portion of 
the Hudson Valley, and those in other directions commanding 
mountain and valley scenery in great variety and picturesqueness. 
Built in 1878, well furnished, and fitted with all the modern con- 
veniences, the Overlook has few rivals among mountain resorts. 
The thermometer averages 15 to 20 degrees lower than in New 
York. "Hay fever" and its attendant ills are never known a'^ 
this elevation. In Plattekill Clove, three miles north of the hotel, 
is a succession of waterfalls, and in every direction there are charm- 
ing walks to many points of interest. The Overlook may be reached, 
as we have seen, from Rondout by the Ulster & Delaware Rail- 
road. Kondout is reached from Nevv York by the Albany Day- 
line (see page 49), by the .steamers "J. W. Baldwin" and 
City of Kingston, daily, at 4 p. m., during the season, from the 
foot of Harrison Street. By the "Mary Powell" at 3.20 p.m., 
from foot of De.sbrosses Street, and by the " Ansonia," which 
leaves for Saugorties Tuesdays. Thursdays, and Saturdays from 
the foot of Franklin Str et. At Saugerties private carriages may 
be procured for the hotel. Rondout may be reached by rail via 
Hud.son River Railroad from New York, or via the Erie & Wall- 
kill Valley R. R. and West Shore R. R. from Jersey City. 

FJtOM West Hurley the railroad follows a westerly course 
passing Brodhead's Bridge where there are fine falls on the 
Esopus and an attractive view from the bluffs above the creek. 

SnoK.\N is picturesquely situated at a mountain gateway 
through which the Esopus rushes in rapids. " High Point 

55 



HUDSON RIVER ROrTE. 

Mountain," 3,1C0 feet high, is seen to the southward. The valley 
here takes a more northerly course, aud ou the west side of the 
track is seen a group of fine summits. The uonhernmost is the 
Wittenberg, and the next Mt. Cornell. The walk to the summit 
of these peaks is a favorite one with mountain climbers. 

At Boiceville the road reaches an elevation of GIG feet above 
tide -water. 

Mt. Pleas.\nt, 24 miles from Rondout, and 700 feet above 
the river, is the o;iening of the " Shandaken Valley," a mountain 
depression full of the most enchanting natural scenery. 

PiiCENiciA, 27 miles from Rondout, and nearly 800 feet above 
the Hudson, is a place of considerable resort, and the point of 
departure for Hunter and Tannersville, through Stony C!ove, a 
remarkable ravine, where it is said snow and ice can be found 
the year through. 

THE TEEMPES IIO'JoE 
is a fine new hotel just at the entrance to Stony Clove. It is on 
a terrace 300 feet broad and 1,500 long, and almost between Slide 
Mountain and Hunter Mountain, two of the hi.;he,st peaks in the 
Catskiils. The hotel will accommodate 20 ) guests, and has every 
modern convenience, with pure water direct from a mountain 
spring carried to every floor. A carriage road ascends to the 
summit of Mt. Tremper, affording a superb view of Shandaken 
Valley, the Lake Mohonk Gap, Wittenberg, Cross Mountain and 
an assembly of mountains too many for enumeration here. 

At Fox Hollow the elevation is 990 feet. Before reaching 
the station a bridge is crossed at the entrance of Woodland Val- 
ley. On the northern side of the road are Mts. Sheridan and 
North Dome. 

SiiANDAKEN is P>'j milcs from the river, and l.OGO feet above it. 
Here passengers for West Kill, Lexington, and Jcwett Heights 
leave the cars and take stages for their destinations. 

Big Indian (33 miles) is 1,202 feet above the river. A bridge 
here crosses the Esopus, from which a fine view is obtained up 
Big Indian Valley. This station is nearest to Slide Mountain, and 
thence parties usually start for the a.scent of that peak. Car- 
riages can go without especial difficulty within five miles of the 
summit, and here parties sometimes remain overnight. Dutch* 

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HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

ers is the name of the place. The view from Slide Mountain is 
one of the finest in the Catskills. 

Pine Hill, 1,660 feet above the sea, is 39 miles from Rondout. 
Half a mile from Pine Hill station is the Guigou House. After 
passing over the grand Horseshoe curve the train reaches 

Grand Hotel Station, 1,886 feet above the Hudson River at 
Eondout, is the highest point on the Ulster and Delaware R. R. 

THE NEW GRAND HOTEL, 

magnificent and imposing, stands on Summit Mountain, about 
one-eighth of a mile from the station, and 2,500 feet above the 
level of the sea. It is in a remarkablj' picturesque and healthy 
part of the mountains, and commands a view of marvelous beauty 
and grandeur. Summit Mountain is in the center of a group 
of peaks made celebrated by artists, writers and historic asso- 
ciations. Around it are the Panther Mountain, 4,000 feet high; 
the Belle Air Table and Slide Moiintain, 4,220 feet high, the 
highest mountain in the Catskills, and whose crest pierces the 
clouds. The hotel was opened in 1881, and is one of the largest 
and finest hotels in the Catskills. It has a frontage of 650 feet, 
with spacious piazzas along the front of the main buildings. 
The house is elegantly furnished, and fitted up with all the mod- 
em conveniences of the best hotels of the world. Parlor cars run 
on the West Shore Railroad direct to the Grand Hotel Station. 

THE CATSKILL MOUNTAIN HOUSE 
is reached by the Ulster & Delaware Raih-oad to Kaaterskill 
station, thence by stage one mile. Or by the Gatskill Mountain 
Railway from Gatskill to Mountain House station, thence up the 
mountain by stage or by carrage all the way from Gatskill. 

LAUREL HOUSE, J. L. Sohutt, Proprietor, 
Is a spacious and excellent hotel, commanding magnificent views 
down the famous Kaaterskill Glove. The hotel has recently been 
greatly enlarged and improved by the introduction of modern 
improvements, such as gaslight, electric bells, hot and cold 
baths, etc. Six hundred feet of piazzas, commanding the 
grandest views of mountain scenery, surround the house. The 
famous Kaaterskill Falls and Glove, and many other of the 
most charming attractions of the " Gatskills " are near the 
Laurel House. The great beauty of this locality is so well 
67 



aubSON KIVER ROtJffi. 

known, that a description is unnecessary. To the lovers of quiet, its 
secluded walks afford delightful retreats ; while the drives in the 
vicinity — especially through the Cloves — are remarkably beautiful. 
There is also good trout-fishing in the neighborhood. The Laurel 
House is reached by stages and carriages from Mountain House sta- 
tion of the Catskill Mountain E,. R. from Catskill. Carriages and an 
a'lthorized agent are also in attendance at the cars and boats, Catskill. 

Palenville is at the lower entrance of Kaaterskill Clove. It 
is 10 miles by R.R. from Catskill village, 3 miles below the falls, 
and has a number of excellent hotels and boarding houses. 

Tannersville is 15 miles from Catskill Village, high up in the 
Kaal erskill Clove, on the way to Hunter. It is surrounded on all 
sides by towering summits and wild ravines. The Stony Clove 
Railroad runs from Phoenicia to Tannersville Junction and Hunter 
through the famous Stony Clove. A branch runs to 

HOTEL KAATERSKILL. 

This magnificent hotel, the finest mountain hotel in the world, 
stands on the summit of Kaaterskill Mountain, 3,000 feet above 
the sea, commanding the most extensi\ e view of any hotel in the 
Catskill Mountains. The view embraces 00 miles of the Hudson 
River and Valley, High Teak and Round Top ]\Iountaiiis, Kaater- 
skill Clove, Sunset Rock, and many other noted nn& interesting 
objects. The hotel w; s first opcneil in 1881, laving been con- 
structed on the most improved of modern designs, with large 
elegant parlors, and suits of rooms for families and steam heat 
and open fire grates for dining halls and parlors. Elevators run 
to all the floors, while the rooms are supplied with gas, electric 
bells and elegant beds and furuishii gs. The surrounding park 
in ludes groves, lakes, lawn tennis and other play-ground<, with 
every means of enjoyment, billiard rooms, bowling alleys ai d 
telegrai)h offices are in the hotel, and the celebrated Germania 
Orches^tra from Philadelphia, Wm. StoU, Jr., leader furnishes 
music for hops and conci rts throughout the season. The moun- 
Inii drives are numerous nnd p irticularly charming. Hotel 
Kaaterskill is reached by the Ulster & Delaware Railroad from 
Rondout, N. Y., on the Hudson I'iverto Phoenicia and the Stony 
Clove Railroad to Tannersville Junction, thence five miles hy 
Kaaterskill R. R. to Hotel Kaaterskill. 

58 



fk'SV. 




Catjterskill Falls, CatskillTHotjntains, 
Near Laurel House. J. L. Schutt, Proprietor. 



IIUDSOJM UlVKK liuUTE. 

Hunter is about 4 miles west of Tannersville, and while it is 
a village of a somewhat more prominent character, possesses, in 
the main, similar natural advantages. The Hunter House, Breeze 
Lawn, and Central House may be mentioned as among the most 
prominent abiding places for summer visitors. 

Lexington is 9 miles from Hunter, and 10 miles from railway 
connections on the Ulster & Delaware Railroad. The O'Hara 
House and the Douglass House will be found comfortable stop- 
ping places. 

West Kill, 4 miles from Lexington, is near Deep Hollow 
Gorge, in some parts of which the sun never shines. 

Cairo is 10 miles from Catskill, near Round Top Mountain, 
and facing the Hudson Valley. Merritt' s Grand View House and 
the Webster House are among the principal hotels. The sur- 
roundings are highly picturesque and attractive. 

Freehold is a resort of considerable popularity. It is reached 
by stage from Catskill or Athens, and commands a very fine view 
of the mountain range. Black Head, 3,965 feet high, being the 
nearest and most conspicuous. 

AcRA is on the road from Catskill northward. Mott's Sunside 
Farm is one of the resorts of the vicinity. 

East Windham is reached by a good road from Catskill. La- 
moreau's Summit House is the principal hotel. From here it Is 
said that the Adirondacks and White Mountains can at times be 
seen. 

Windham, a delightful village 2o miles from Catskill, is 1 eau- 
tifully situated amid lovely mountain scenery. Reasonably good 
roads lead in all directions. The Windham House is one mile 
from the village. 

Jewett Heights is a small village in full sight of the Catskill 
range, and commanding a wide view of the Hudson. The Jewett 
Heights House is available for boarders. 

Prattsvii.i.e on Schoharie Hill, with well-shaded streets and 
the purest of mountain air. There is a daily line of stages from 
Catskill and from Stratton's Falls on the Ulster & Delaware 
Railroad. The village contains several excellent hotels and 
boarding houses. 



^ss.MM.MM 



■; vf .-iS,^-i^^"^^^j 










CASCADE IN PLATTEKILL CLOVE. 



HUDSON EIVER KOUTE. 

HUDSON. 

Hudson^ Columbia Co., N. F., Ii5m.fr. New York. 
Hotels — Worth House ; Mansion House. 

The City of Hudson is the capital of Columbia County, and oo 
cupies a site of great beauty, being built upon a promontory 
jutting- into the Hudson River, and commanding the most exten- 
sive andchariniug views in every direction. The city extends up 
the slope of '" Pro=^pect Hill," which rises to a height of 300 feet. 
The elevation just below Hudson landing is Mount Merino. It is 
cultivated over almost its whole surface of GOO acres. Hudson, 
being at the head of ship navigat on, was of great importance in 
the early commerce of the river, and it rapidly grew to be a place 
of considerable size and wealth. The "Claverack Creek,'' a ro- 
mantic stream, is a little east of Hudson, and running northward, 
joins other streams, forming Columbiaville Creek. 

The Hudson & Chatham Railway, leased by the Boston & 
Albany R. R. Co.. has its western terminus here, and connects at 
Chatham with the Boston & Albany and Harlem Railways. 

ATHENS. 

Athens, Greene Co., JSf. J'., Whm.fr. New York. 

This village, directly opposite Hudson, was originally fixed upon 
as the eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, but the project was 
abandoned. The inhabitants are largely engaged in ship-build- 
ing and brick-making. The West Shore Railroad runs through 
West Athens, one mile west of Athens, with which it connects 
by stage. A ferry connects Athens with Hudson. Above Athens 
and Hudson, on the east side of the river, is Roger's Island, be- 
hind which the shipping of New York merchants was concealed 
during the Revolutionary War. At that time the island was 
densely wooded, and formed an effectual screen. 
COLUMBIAVILLE. 
Stockport, Cohimhia Co., N. Y., 11!) m. fr. New York. 

On the west side of the river is a promontory, with a light 
house tower, which old river pilots call " Chaney Tinker," but 
which is now known as Four mile Point. Directly opposite to 
this is the mouth of Col\unbiaville Creek, on which, a short dis- 
tance from the river, are large Haouel mills. 




"^'t^?- 









CASCADE OF HIGH EOCKS. 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

COXSACKIE. 

Coxsackie, Greene Co., N. Y., \2Zm. fr. New York. 
This Till.age is on the west side of the river, and is a station of 
the West Shore Railway. Its name is derived from an Indian 
word signifying "cut banks." The chief occupations of the 
inhabitants are ship-building, farming and fishing. The head- 
land nearly opposite is Newtown Hook. 

STUYVESANT. 

Stuyvesant, Columbia Co., N. Y., 125 7n. //•. New York. 
Formerly Kinderhook Landing. The village of Kinderhook is 
4 miles inland. Ex-President Martin Van Buren lived there for 
many years before his death. 

NEW BALTIMORE. 

New Baltimore, Albany Co., N. Y., 127 m. fr. New York. 

The chief business of this place is ship-building. There are 

several yards with complete sets of ways, etc. Schooners, slooj^s 

and barges are the craft which are built. The West Shore R. li. 

runs through the village. 

SCHODAC. 

Schodac, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 132 rn. fr. New York. 

A small village on the east bank of the river. Good farming 

lands lie along the river, and the surrounding region is a jDleasant 

rolling countrj^ The name is of Indian origin, signifying "a 

meadow." 

COEVMAN'S. 

Coeyman's, Albany Co., N. Y., 132 m, fr. New York. 

This village is on the west bank of the river. Its name (pro- 
nounced Que-mans) is that of one of its early settlers. The 
range of mountains seen to the westward are the "Helderberjs." 

Coeyman's is the j unction of the Albany Branch with the main 
line of the New Yoi-k, West Shore & Buffalo Railway. The main 
line diverges northwestward to central New York and Buffalo. 

A little below Coeyman's, near the west shore, is a high rocky 
island on which the boundaries of four counties meet, namely, 
Albany, Greene, Columbia and Rensselaer. This island was 
named by the Dutch "Beeren," or "Bear Island," and on its 
summit once stood the "Castle" of "Rensselaerstein," from 
whose wall Nicholas Kroon, the agent of Killian Van Rensselaer, 
the Patroon, compelled jjassing vessels to dip their colors and pay 
tribute, or take the chances of being sunk by the ordnance of the 

61 



HUDSON RIVER EOUTE:. 

fort. An amusing account of tlie whole difficulty between Gov- 
ernor Kieft of New Amsterduni, and the Patroon, is given in 
"Knickerbocker's History of New York." 

CASTLETON. 

Schodar,, Rfnimelner Co., N. F.. ]3o m. fr. New York. 

A small and compact village, built u])on a steep hillside on the 
eastc rn bank of the river. The domes and spires of Albany, 1) 
miles distant, may be seen from this po'nt. 

Castleton Bar, formerly kuowa as the "Overslaugh," has always 
been a serious impediment to navigation at this point. As early 
as 1700 State appropriations were made for the purpose of im- 
proving the channel, but all efforts were unavailing until the 
present system of dykes was commenced A. Van Santvnord, 
Esq., of Albany, President of the Day Line of New York and 
Albany steamers, and other prominent citizens of All)any and 
Troy, had the subject brought befo;e the Stxte Lf^gislature, and 
work was begun in ISO:}. In 180-^ the United States Government 
assumed the work of completing the dykes, and they may now be 
seen stretching for several miles along the river, effectually ac- 
complishing the purpose for which they were intended. 

GREENBUSH. 
Greenbnsh, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 144 ?».//■. Neic York. 
Is situated on the east side of the river opposite to Albany. Its 
pojiulation is largely made up of employes on the great railway 
lin 's which meet here from all parts of the Eastern States and 
from New York. Along the river bank, both above and below 
ihe village proper, handsome houses, and many pleasant-look- 
ing villas and cottages may be seen on the high bluff which rises 
beyond the alluvial flats that border the river. Greenbush is a 
translation of the old Dutch name, which was doubtless appro- 
priate in its day. During the French War, in 1755. Greenbush 
was a military rendezvous, and again in 1812 the United States 
Government established extensive barracks whence troops were 
forwarded to the Canadian frontier. 

61^ 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

ALBANY. 

Albany Co., N. Y., 144 m. fr. New York. Pop. 90,758. 

Hotels. — Delavan Uouse, Kenmore, Stanwix Hall, American and 

Brunswick. 

This city lies upon the west bank of the Hudson River, iieai 
the middle of the county, and embraces a strip of land about one 
and one half miles wide, extending thirteen and a half miles in a 
northwest direction, to the northern boundary of the county. Be- 
fore incorporation it was known under the names of " Beverwyck, ' 
"William Stadt," and "New Orange." The seat of the State 
Government, originally fixed at New York City, was removed to 
this place in 1798. The early growth of the city was exceedingly 
slow ; its population numbering less than 10,000 at the end of a 
century from its incorporation, which was in 1686. In 1714, 
when a century old, it contained only 3,329 inhabitants, nearly 
500 of whom were slaves. Steam navigation, originated by Ful 
ton on the Hudson in 1807, and the completion of the Erie Cana. 
in 1825, each gave powerful impulses to its growth, and in less 
than half a century it added more than 50,000 to its population. 
In 1873 the census report shows about 80,000. The whole city, 
comprised within the limits of Pearl, Steuben, and Beaver Streets, 
in 1676, was surrounded by wooden walls, with openings for mus- 
ketry. There were six gates to the city, and the maintenance ol 
these fragile defenses was the source of unceasing contention be- 
tween the authorities and the inhabitants. A portion of these 
walls were remaining so late as 1812. They were thirteen feet ia 
height, and made of timber about a foot square. The city haa 
many handsome avenues, and the walks and drives about the cit;* 
are exceedingly beautiful. A walk of half a mile from the citj 
brings to view the verdure-clad mountains of Vermont and thr 
towering Catskills. The first railroad in the State of New York, 
*nd the second in the United States, was opened from Albany to 
Schenectady in 1831. ' The commerce of Albany is considerable. 

Besides the great natural means of communication which the 
river affords, in Day Litie and People's Line of steamers, the city 
is connected with New York by three lines of railroad, the 
Hudson Bivei; the Harlem, and the West Hkvi-e. The New York 

6? 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

Central and West Shore Railroads and the Erie Canni connect it 
with the Great Lakes. It communicates with Northern New York, 
Vermont, and Canada by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co/t 
»nd by way of Troy by the Troi/ & Boston railways, and by 
the Champlain Canal. By the Boston and Albany llailway, it 
communicates with the New England States, and by the Albany 
and Hugquehanna division of the Delaware and Hudson Canai 
Co.^8 11. R. with Bingharaton on the Erie Railway, and the coal 
regions of Pennsylvania. The Hudson River at Albany is crossed 
by two railroad drawbridges, each over 4,00l) feet in length, one 
tX the northern part of the city, now used entirely for freight 
trains, and the magnificent new iron bridge at the central part of 
the city, at the west end of which is the passenger depot for the 
city of Albany, and at the east end is the station for East Albany. 
The bridge cost nearly $2,000,000. 

The manufactures are extensive and varied. Its numerous 
$tove foundei'ies and breweries are on an immense scale. Seventy 
thousand barrels of ale are made annually at one brewery. The 
iDorksliops of the N. Y. C. «& H. R. Railroad, at West Albany, 
give employment to more than two thousand persons. Its other 
manufactures are varied and extensive. The sales of barley 
amount to more than 2,000,000 bushels per annum, most of which 
is consumed by the brewers. Lumber is another very important 
article of trade. Albany is also one of the leading cattle nyjrtt 
of the country. The markets at Bull's Head, in New York, and at 
Brighton, near Boston, receive many of their supplies from here. 

The State buildings include the new Capitol, a magnificent 
structure at the head of State Street, State Hall, State Library, 
Geological and Agricultural Hall, Normal School, and State Ar- 
senal and Armory. The City Uall is an elegant structure, faced 
with Sing Sing marble, and surmounted by a gilded dome. The 
new post-ofiBce is being built on Broadway, at the foot of State 
Street, and when completed will be one of the finest post-ofBcei 
in the State. The Albany County Almshouse is the magnificent 
brick building observed on the west bank of the Hudson just be- 
fore reaching Albany. The Penitentiary in west part of the city 
•«. Besides Public Schools, the Educational Institutions are the Al 
\any Academy^ Albany Ftimde Academy, Albany Female Sen^t 



HUDSON RIVEB ROUTE. 

nary^ Albany Institute, and the Albany Industrial Schtol. Th# 
public schools afford instruction to 20,000 children of both sexes, 
and are conducted at an annual expense of $100,000. There are 
two CHiristian Associations, Protestant and Catholic, the formei 
being the oldest institution of the kind in the United States. The 
Dudley Observatory, on an eminence in the northern border ci 
the city, was incorporated April 2, 1852 ; it was founded through 
the munificence of Mrs. Blandina Dudley, who gave $90,000 foz 
its construction and endowment. The building, constructed in 
the form of a cross, is admirably arranged, and is furnished with 
some of the largest and finest instruments ever constructed. It 
has an extensive library attached. The Albany Medical College 
and the Law Sclwol of the University of Albany are on Eagle 
Street, and have all the facilities for teaching the respective 
sciences. The Albany Almshouse, Insane Asylum, and a Fever 
Hospital are located upon a farm of 116 acres, one and a half 
miles southwest of the city, and are under the management of 
the city authorities. The Industrial School building is located on 
the same farm. The Albany City Hospital, on Eagle Street, was 
incorporated in 1849. The Albany Orphan Asylum, on Wash- 
ington Street, at the junction of the Western Turnpike, was incor- 
porated in 1831 ; it was erected, as was the City Hospital, by pri 
vate subscription ; it is now aided by State funds. The St. Vin- 
cent Orphait Asylum, incorporated in 1849, is under the charge 
of the Sisters of Mercy. The male department, two miles west 
of the Capitol, is under the charge of the Christian Brothers. 

The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1640. A Lu- 
theran Church existed in 1680. The first Protestant Episcopal 
Church (St. Peter's) was erected in 1715 ; it stood in the centre 
of State Street, opposite Chapel Street. The communion plate 
of this church was presented to the Onondagas by Queen Aime. 
The most costly edifices are the Catholic Cathedral of the Im- 
maculate Conception, comer of Eagle and Lydius Streets, and the 
5t. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. 

Water is supplied to the city from Rensselaer Lake, about five 
miles west of the City Hall, and 225 feet above the level of the 
water of the Hudson. This lake covers thirty-nine acres, and its 
capacity is ISO. 000,000 gallone A brick conduit conveys tb« 

05 



HUDSON RITEK JBOUTK. 

arater to Bleecker Reservoir, on Patioon Street, whence it ii 
distributed through the city. This reservoir has a capacity o? 
SO.000.000 gallons. The cost of the construction of these workr 
was upwards of $1,000,000. 

The Delavan House, on Broadway, adjoining the New Tovk C«a3 
"lal and Hudson River R. R. Depot, is one of the finest hotels ir 
the country. It has long been celebrated for its excellent cuislnt 




and fine furnishings. It is kept by T. E. Roessle & Son, and 
its management is very efficient and remarkably poiinlar. 

The Hotel Kenmore is a new hou.se, kept by Mr. Adam IJIakc 
and is situated on North Pearl Street, two blocks from the N Y 
Central R. R. Depot, and a short distance from the Capitol. 1 1 
is fitted up in modem style, with elevator, hot and cold running 
water, and steam heaters ; telephone ccnnected with the office 
in each room. It is strictly first class in all respects. 

Stanwix Hall is on Broadway, comer of Maiden Lane, lesu 
than one block from the New York Central and Hudson River 
and Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. Depot, and but a 
few steps from the steamboat Iaiidin<^'-8 of the Day and People's 
jbiiies, and the centre of the businehs pari of the cjtv. 




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DAILY, WEEKLY AND SEMI-WEEKLl 

C or. B .OADWAY and BEAVER STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. 

The CIreapest and Most Widely-Circulated Democratic Newspaper in the 
United States. 



Daily, $8. Daily, with Sunday Edition, $10. Semi-Weekly. $2.25. 
Weekly, $1- Sunday Edition, $2. 

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Payments a,l\^ays in. A.d."vance. 



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The -A^rgus Company, 




ST. DENIS HOTEL 

AND 

RESTAURANT, 

Cor. Broadway and Eleventh Street, 
NE\V YORK. 

THE MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED HOTEL IN THE CITY 

Being in the vicinity of all the leading Retail Storer 
and Principal Places of Amusement— of easy access 
from all the Depots and Ferries by Horse- 
Cars, Stage, or the Elevated Rail-Roads. 
Stages from Grand Central Depot 
pass the door. 



HUDSON RITKR ROUTS. 



DELAWARE & HUDSON CANAL COMPANY 
Rensselaer & Saratoga Department. 

Albany to Botise's Point, 208 miles. Albany to Rutland, via Sa/ra 
toga Springs, 101 miles. Schenectady to Rutland, 85 milet. 
Troy to Rutland, via Eagle Bridge, 85 miles. 

The Rensselaer and Saratoga Department of the Delaware and 
Qudson Canal Co. now embraces the original Rensselaer and Sara- 
toga Railroad, extending from Troy to Ballston, 25 miles; the 
•Saratoga and Schenectady Railroad, from Schenectady to Saratoga, 
22 miles ; the Albany and Vermont Railroad, from Albany to Al- 
bany Junction, 12 miles ; the Saratoga and Whitehall and the Rut- 
lanr^ and Whitehall Railroads, from Saratoga to Castleton, 54 
miles ; and the Troy, Salem, and Rutland Railroad, from Ea{<»f 
Bridge to Rutland, 62,mile8. It will be seen, by reference to the 
map, that these associated roads form portions of the great di- 
rect through routes from New Tork to Montreal, by the way ol 
the valleys of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain. This 
route also forms the avenue to the popular watering-places of 
Ballston, Saratoga, and Lake George, and is the great thorough 
fare of summer pleasure travel. In going North from Albany 
»nd Troy the road affords two routes — oue by way of Saratoga 
Hprings. and one by way of Eagle Bridge ; and passengers wish 
ing to gi) to Rutland or, aU the way by rail to Burlington, can 
take either route to suit their convenience or choice; bat trn 
velers for Lake George, Whitehall, or Ticonderoga, and Lake 
Champlain, should go via Saratoga Springs. 

For Lake George, passengers change cars at Fort Edward, 
and pass through Glen's Falls by rail to Lake George, from 
whence steamers ran down the Lake to Baldwin, and connect 
by a branch R. R. of four miles with the Lake Champlain 
steamers and the Champlain Division of the R. R. at Fort 
Ticonderoga j or take the cars to Fort Ticonderoga and 

61 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTS. 

B<ildwin, whence the Lake Geoi^e Bteamera coirrej paa wng a i i 
to Fort William Heory Hotel, Lake House, and the rarioiu land- 
ings on Lake George. 
Travelers not wishing to go via Lake George can make the con' 

Qection direct with the Lake Champlain steamers at Fort Ticon 

deroga, and avoid the cliaiiges at Caltlvvell aud Baldwin. 

For Montreal, passengers go direct from Albany to Whitehall 

and oper the new route on the west side of Lake Champlain, via 

Plattsburg, Rouse's Point, St. John's and Victoria Bridge, to 

Montreal, without change of cars. 

By continuing through to Rutland, the route to Burlington and 

Montreal ' is made all the way by rail, with a change of cars at 

Rutland. 

Oonnectionm. 

At Albany the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, besides its con- 
nections with the various lines of Hudson River steamers, con- 
nects also with the New York Central and Hudson River Bail- 
ways for New York ; with the Boston and Albany Railway for 
Boston ; with the Albany and Susquehanna Railway for Bing- 
liamton, and with the New York Central Railway for Niagara and 
the West ; with the West Shore Railway for New York. 

At Troy connections are made with steamers on the river, with 
the New York Central and Hudson River Railways, and the Troy 
and Boston Railway. 

At SclwiwdaAy the Schenectady branch from Saratoga and 
Ballston connects with the New York Central Railway and West 
Shore Railroad. The connection at this point is the most con- 
venient one for travelers going West or coming from the West. 

At Saratoga Springs the Adirondack Railroad connects for L'l 
zcme, Thurman, North Creek, and the Adirondack Mt. Region. 

At Fort Edward the Lake George Branch of the D. & H. (\ 
Co. 's R. R. forms a part of t he Lake George route above mentioned, 
Toute much patronized in the season of summer travel. 

At Whitehall direct connection is made with the Champlain Divi> 
con of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. for Fort Ticon- 
deroga. where passengers cua take the Lake Champlain steameta 
i»r pursue the route to M by rail. No change of cars ii n 



HUDSON BITER ROUTS. 

qaiied between Albanj and Montreal, and thia forma the shoiteMl 
wid most direct route from New York to Montreal. 

.4^ ItuUand both branches of this road intersect the Centra'. 
Vermont Railroad for Burlington and all points north, and foi 
ttelJows Falls and the White Mountains and points east. The 
Harlem Extension R. R. also connects at this point — running 
South to Manchester, Bennington and Troy. 

These numerous connections give to the Rensselaer and Saratoga 
S. R. the character of a great trunk route, and make it perhapi 
the most important of the Northern routes. Having connectionn 
with steamer lines, both north and south, it derives therefrons 
important advantages both for freight and passenger traffic no. 
poesessed by any other route between New York and Montreal. 

ALBANY RURAL CEMETERY. 

WatervUet, Albany Co., N. F., 148 Miles from New York. 

One of the most beautiful rural cemeteries iu the countrj 

aboiuiding in romantic dells, shaded ravines, cascades, miniatur* 

lakes, rustic bridges over forest streams, &c. It is a place ol 

rare picturesque beauty. 

WEST TROY. 
Watervliet^ Albany Co.fN. 7"., 150 Miles from New York. 
This place has important manufactories of woolen goods, belLs, 
carriages, and various other articles. An extensive United Statei 
Arsenal, f^nsisting of more than thirty buUdings of brick and 
•^rce, is located here. Its grounds occupy about one hundred 
acres. It is the principal government manufactory of gun-car- 
riages, machinery, equipments, ammunition, and military supplies 

COROES. 

Watervliet, Albany Co., N. F., 153 Miles from New York. 
An important manufacturing city on the Mohawk River. An 
extensive dam creates an immense water-power here, comprising 
the whole body of the Mohawk River, with a total descent of 108 
feet. The railroad bridge across the Mohawk is 900 feet in 
length, and is in full view of the Cohoes Falls, about three 
fourths of a mile above. The river here flows over a rocky de- 
olivity 7y feet in heighi iif wldch 40 feet is a perpendiculai 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTS. 

fall. The main fall is 900 feet wide, and the banks abore and h^ 
low are wild and precipitous. The Erie Canal rises by a series ol 
ly locks from the Hudson River, through the village of Cohoes. 
to the northerly part of the town of Watervliet, three miles above, 
at which point it crosses the river in a stone aqueduct, 1,187 feel 
long, 2G feet high, and resting on 2G piers. The products of the 
Knitting and cotton mills, axe and edge tool, and other factories, 
amount to over $2,000,000 per annum. In recent excavations made 
in the rocky bank of the Mohawk, for the foundation of a new mill, 
the fossil remains of a gigantic mastodon were discovered. The 
Harmony Mills Co. of Cohoes have liberally donated this interest- 
ing relic of the eaith's ancient history to the State collection at 
Albany. It is considered as the most perfect skeleton of the mas- 
todon ever discovered. 

WATEEFOED. 

Whterford, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 154 Miles from New T<yrk 
llotd, Morgan IIou.se. 

This township was formed from that of Half Moon in 1816. It 
occupies the angle formed by the confluence of the Hudson and 
Mohawk rivers, the village itself being near the point where the 
two unite. An almost perpendicular range of slate cliffs extends 
along the Mohawk for some distance' from its mouth. Falls in 
both rivers furnish an excellent water-power. 

The Hudson River was bridged at this point in 1804. The 
original bridge, however, was removed in 1812, and the present 
ftructure erected in its place. 

ALBANY JUNCTION. 

Waterford., Saratoga Co.., N. Y., 155 Milet from New York. 

At this place the Albany division unites with the main road 

from Troy. The railroad now runs along between the Cham- 

pain Canal and the Hudson River, on an interval about half 

i mile in wijth for seTcral miles. 

70 





J 



eii 



ann d- 



J 



YlENNjl MODEL BAKERY AND C/FE, 

Broadway cor. lOth Street. 



THE TROY TIMES. 




Daily Times, "Weelsly Times, 

72,000 READERS, y\ (25,000 READERS, 

$10perAnmiin. / ' \ $1 per Annum. 

^ / The 

Trot Times is 
the onl}' Daily of note 
publiahed north ot Albany 
to Montreal, east to Springfield, 
Mass., and west to Utica. Best adver- 
tising medium in the interior. Rates from 
12)^ to 40 cts. per line, each insertion. Special 
ra'es to Summer Resorts and Educational Insti- 
tutions. The Weekly Times at one dollar 
pe ■ year, sent postage free. Corre- 
spondence from London, New 
York, Boston Washington, 
and two hundred local 
correspondfnts 
Be8t Advertising Medium. V"^ -porters/ ^^^^^ o^oRHip, Fashions, 
Eeadiug Matter on \ % X Correspondence, 

every rage. \- Markets. 

J. 1. FRUNCIS, SON & CO., PnMsliers, Troy, New York. 



HUDSON RIVEK EOUIE. 



TROY. 

Population, 56,747. 

Betisselaer County, K F., 150 miles from New York. 

Hotels. — Troy, American and Mansion. 

This city is principally located upon an alluTial Qat, thnxs 
fourths of a mile wide, between the Hudson River and the high 
bluffs which bound it on the east. The bluff directly east of the 
city is known as Mount Ida, and that on the northeast as Mount 
Olympus. Mount Ida is principally composed of clay, and has 
been the scene of several destructive land-slides. Poesten Kil 
and AV^ynant's Kil, breaking through these hills in narrow ravines, 
form a series of cascades which afford an excellent water-power. 
The city charter was granted April 12, 1816. A terrible fire in 
1862 destroyed forty acres of its dwellings, which, with the othei 
property destroyed, amounted to not less than $3,000,000, half 
being covered by insurance. 

The city contains a very handsome court-house of Sing- Sing 
marble, wide and well-paved streets, planted with shade-trees, 
extensive water-works, gas-works, and other improvements usual 
in a prosperous modem city. The Troy water-works were buUt 
by the city in 1833-1834, and have since been extended. The 
water is drawn from the Piscawin Creek, and the reservoir is 
sufficiently high to raise it to the top of most of the housea 

There are twenty -two factories operated by water-power, a 
r-art of which is afforded by a dam thrown across the Hudson, 
which also renders the river above navigable for canal-boats. 
Numerous iron-foundries and machine-shops afford employment 
fco large numbers of the inhabitants. Some of these are of greac 
magnitude, and in the aggregate employ 3,000 men. The estab- 
linhment of Messrs. Winslow, Griswold & Holley, where the 
Bessemer cast-steel is manufactured, is the largest of the kind in 
the United States. The famous original " Monitor " was con- 
itructed by these gentlemen ; they also had a contract subse- 
quently to build six other iroo-clad vessels. The Troy horseshoe 
railroad spike, and nail manufactory \s one of the largest in tht 



HUDSON BIVEB ROUTK. 

9tate. The manafactare of cotton and woolen gooda is also con 
Jncted on a large scale. The railway-car manufactory here is the 
largest in the State. Paper, hosiery, carriages, clothing, shirte 
collars, mathematical instmments, etc., are largely manufactured 
Breweries, distilleries, flour and grist-mills, are many in number 

The educational institutions, besides the public schools, are tha 
Iroy Academy, incorporated in 1834; the Troy Female Seminary 
first established at Middlebury, Vt., in 1813, removed to Water- 
ford in 1819, and thence to this place in 1821, incorporated in 1837. 
This institution gained a national reputation under the charge of 
Mrs. Emma Willard. Upwards of 7,000 pupils have been educated 
here. The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, organized in 1824, 
was endowed by Stephen Van Rensselaer. It was formed for the 
purpose of teaching the application of mathematics to civil 
engineering and the natural sciences. Next to West Point this 
institute has the best reputation in its special departments of any 
school in America. The Trt^y Lyceum of Natural History was in- 
corporated in 1820. St. Ptter's College is built on Mount St. Vin- 
cent. The college building, in process of erection, was destroyed 
by a land-slide in 1859: has since been rebuilt. St. JosepKt 
Academy was founded in 1842. 

The charitable institutions are many. The Troy Hospital, in 
t\ie care of the Sisters of Charity, was incorporated in 1851. The 
yfars/uiU Infirmary, incorporated in 1851, was built at an expense 
of $35,000, which was donated by Benj. Marshall, Esq. The 
Troi Orphan Asylum, incorporated in 1835, situated on Grann 
Division street, is built of brick, and supported by private dona 
biona and State appropriations. Children between three and nini 
years are received, and dismissed at ten, when suitable situation* 
3an be obtained. St. Mary^s Orphan Asylum, connected with St. 
Ma'y's Church (R. C), is under the care of the Christian Brothers 
and Sisters of Charity. The Warren Free Institute, a school for 
indigent female children, was incorporated in 1846. It wa« 
endowed by the Warren family. A free church for the pupils and 
their parents is connected with the Institute. 

Troy being at the head of tidal waters, steamers run to it daily. 
Betiides the Hudson River, the Erie Canal, and the Champlain, 
fiving water communication '»' ^ast ""t, railroads connect tb« 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

«. (ty ■with every part of the country. The Union Railway Depot 
U used for the joint accommodation of the great railroads that center 
here, viz : the New York Central and Hudson Iliver (uniting at 
Schenectady with the other branch from Albany), the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal Co.'s B. R., the Troy and Boston Railways, the 
two latter running northerly through Eastern New York and 
Western Vermont and connecting with roads to Plattsburgh, 
Burlington, Montreal, etc. The Central Vermont R. R. forms a 
direct connection here for Bennington, Manchester, Rutland, 
Burlington, St. Albans, Montreal, etc. The Troy and Boston 
Railway forms a direct route to Boston via Hoosac Tunnel, the 
longest tunnel in the world. 

GREEN ISLAND. 

Watervliet, Albany Co., X. Y. 151 miles from New York. 
This island is about one mile long and half a mile wide; it lies 
in the Hudson River, its upper end being opposite to the mouth 
of the Mohawk River. The surface of the island is generally 
level. Most of the buildings which stand upon it are railroad 
machine-shops or factories of some kind. The lower end of the 
island is opposite the city of Troy, with which it is connected by 
bridges. The track of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railway 
runs from end to end of the island. It was occupied as a camp 
during the revolution by the Americans under General Gates. 

MECHANICVILLE. 

Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 162 miles from Ne^jo York. 
An incorporated village, lying partly in Half Moon, but princi- 
pally in Stillwater. Population 1,500. It has extensive manu- 
factories of linen thread and paper. The township of Stillwater 
contains the battlegrounds of "Bemis Heights," where the en- 
gagements were fought which resulted in the surrender of Gen. 
Burgoyne to Gen. Gates in 1777. Railroad connections are made 
at Alechanicville with the Hoosac Tunnel route to Boston and the 
East and the West. Express trains leaving Buffalo late in the 
evening, connect here for train arriving at Saratoga in time for 
breakfast the next morning. An express train leaving Saratoga 
about 9 P. M. connects here with express train for the West, via 
West Shore R. R, and Erie Railroad. 

73 



HtTDSON RIVER ROITTB. 
EOUND LAKE. 

MaUa, Saratoga Co., N. Y., IGS m. fr. New York. Hotel— iren<tt>or«A. 

In the large and beautiful grove near the depot is located the 
L-elebrated camp-meeting ground of the Methodist Church. The 
grounds contain about 200 acres, mostly gravel loam, entirely 
free from malaria, covered with more than forty varieties of 
. stately trees. The hemlocks, pines and cedars give the atmos- 
phere a peculiar and invigorating " Adirondack odor.' 

Kound Lake is less than five minutes' walk east of the grove, 
and is one of the most lovely of the many for which New York is 
so justly famous. It is well stocked with fish, and has an abun- 
dant supply of row-boats. Boating, bathing, dshing and driving 
afford ample amusement for the visitors. There is a good livery. 

There are about two hundred cottages on the ground, and the 
number is rapidly increasing. All of them are neat, commodi- 
ous structures, and many of them are models of elegance and 
beauty. In addition to these permanent summer structures, 
any required number of tents are supplied for the more transient 
guests. Besides the cottages, there are a number of other build- 
ings on the grounds, used for the post-office, booK and news 
store, telegraph office and telephone communication. Beside 
these, it has a most convenient and beautiful preachinr/ stand, 
surrounded by well arranged, comfortable seats, for thousands 
of hearers. This beautiful stand is located in the centre of this 
"city among the trees." 

The water at Round Lake is brought to the grounds from a 
pure spring, and supplied, in the greatest abundance, both for 
ordinary use and fountain adornments. 

The greatest interest and value are added to the other attrac- 
tions of this summer resort by its minekal well. After sinking 
a shaft about fourteen hundred feet, an abundance of water, ot 
the most valuable qiiality, was obtained. A scientific analysis 
shows it to be composed of chloride of sodium, chloride of i)o- 
tassium, bicarbonate of Lithia, bicarbonate of soda, bicarbonate 
of magnesia, bicarbonate of lime, and carbonic acid. Numerous 
and most unequivocal testimonials of striking cures, effected by 
this watei, have been given. In pleasantness of taste and medic- 
inal qualities, it is said to be unsurpassed by any of the famous 
waters oi Saratoga. Capt. J. D. ROGERS, Supt., Round Lake, N.Y. 

74 



The Paper for the People. 

The Springfield Union 

An Evening Paper that gives the News of the 
Da^ while it is News, 



Its readers pronounce it " the best paper In New 
England," and its circulation increases so steadily and 
rapidly that its readers evidently mean what they say. 

The Union is an eight paged paper, which is fur- 
nished at the marvelously low price of Six Dollars 
a year or Fifty Cents a month. If you don't take the 
Union now, give it a trial. 

The Weekly Union, issued every Thursday morn- 
ing, is a first-class weekly paper that goes into all 
parts of New England and into all parts of the world 
where New England people go. The Weekly is only 
One Dollar per year. If you are too far away from 
Springfield to get the Daily Union promptly, try 
the Weekly. 

The Union, Dally or Weekly, is one of the best 
advertising mediums in the country. Advertising rates 
and specimen copies furnished on application. 
Address, 

The Union, 

Springfield, Mass, 



HUDSON KIVEB EOUTE. 

BALLSTON SPA. Milton, Saratoga Co., N. Y. 

175 Miles from New York. 
Hotels — Sans Sonci and Medhury's. 

Ballston Spa is the shire town of Saratoga County, and con- 
tains the County Court-House, Jail, and other public buildings. 
The village has a population of 4,000, is incorporated, and has 
several fine churches and good schools. It contains but few 
manufacturing establishments. The general appearance is very 
jileasant, and it possesses many attractions as a summer resort. 
It is beautifully adorned with a variety of shade trees, and its 
streets and residences are remarkably neat and attrattive. It 
has long been celebrated for its mineral springs. The principal 
ones already developed are the Artesian Lithia, Sans Souci Boil- 
ing, Washington, Franklin, and New Corporation. The waters 
are quite similar in chemical properties to those of Saratoga, 
and are, doubtless, drawn from the same natural medicinal reser- 
Foir; but the comparative value of the Ballston Waters with those 
of Saratoga, as medicinal agents, is said to be greater, as their 
mineral jDroperties are greater in quantity. 

Mineral springs have long been known at this place, and as far 
back as 1792, Benj. Douglas, father of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, 
built a log-house near the " Old Spring," for the accommodation 
of invalids and visitors. 

The Artesian Lithia Spring. 

The water of this remarkable spring is shown to be richer in 
valuable remedial agents than any other water found in Saratoga 
County, and to surpass in excellence all the waters found in 
other parts of the United States. Flowing from a depth of six 
hundred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the solid rock, 
it is not diluted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally 
the case with shallow sjjrings. 

Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs 
of the world, and, in fact, combine the ingredients of all the j^rin- 
cipal ones in Europe and America. It is very stongly impregnat- 
ed with that valuable miner d, Lithia, which is so effectual in dissolv- 
ihf) the Chalk, or Limestone and Urate deposits in Rheumatism, 
Gout, and Gravel, and has been successfully used by hundreds 
in these diseases, with quick and telling effect; as also in Kidnei 

76 



HUDSON RIVER ROTJTE. 



Dit'EASE, LivEE Complaint, Cataeeh, Dyspepsia, BiLiotrsNEss, 
Acidity of the Stojuch, Constipation and Piles, and has proved 
itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. 




The large quantities of Lithia, Bromine, and Iodine which it 
contains, specially recommend it to the attention of every Phy- 
sician. 

ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D. 



School of Mines, Columbia 

Chloride of Sodium 7.50. 0:i0 pr. 

Clilori(i(> of I'ot.'issium. . . . :i:!.'.i7ti ■' 

liroinido tif Sodium '.i.t'A'.i •' 

Iodide of Sodium l'J4 " 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Biearbmate of Litliiu 7.7.")0 '' 

Bioarboiiite of Sodii U.9'28 " 

Bioarbouate of M.ifrnesiu. 180 (i02 " 

Hiearb mate of Lime i;3-'.l.''(i ■' 

Bicarbonate of Strontia... 0.>-()7 •' 

Bicarbonate of Baryta 3.881 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron l.otfl " 



Coll'ffe, N. Y., April 21, 1868. 

Sulpliate of Potassa 0.5-20 gr. 

Phosphate of Soda 0.050 " 

Bibiirato of Soda trace. 

Aluraioa 077 " 

Silica 0.7f)l " 

Organic Matter trace. 

Total per gal. (231 cub. in.).ia33.24(i 

Carbonic Acid Gas 426.114 cub. in. 

Density 1.0159 

Temperatore 62 deg. F. 



The Water is carefully and securelj-^ bottled, and packed in 
boxes of four-dozen Pints, and will bear transportation to any 
part of the world. To prevent imposition the corks are marked 
thus: Abtesun Spbestg Co., Ballston, N. Y. 

77 



HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. 



The Sans Souci Hotel 



Is a very large hotel sitiiated in the center of the village, on its 
main street, and will accommodate about 300 guests. It is open 
only in summer, from June 1st to October, of each year. An 
attractive feature is the beautiful lawn connected with the hotel, 
comprising two acres, which has been arranged and laid out with 
great care and attention, so as to provide amusement, pleasure 
and comfort for the guests. It affords the advantages of the new 

Sans Souci Spouting Spring, 

which is situated in the hotel grounds. It was opened up from 
the old original Ballston Spring vein, and, by a careful analysis, 
its waters prove superior to any of the renowned spriiirfp of Sara- 
toga. It presents the double aspect of a boiling ana spouting 
sjjring. The shaft was sunk, in 1872, to a depth of 693 feet, 
through a solid limestone rock, when it penetrated a cavern, sup- 
posed to be about four or five feet deep, from which the water is 
forced up by a pressiire of carbonic acid gas about twenty-foui' 
pounds to the square inch at the surface. It is particularly valu- 
able on account of the Lithia Salts, Bromine, and Iodine, which 
it contains, and which are highly beneficial in cases of Gout, 
Rheumatism, and kindred diseases. 



ANALYSIS BY MAURICE PERKINS, A.M., M.D. 
Union College, Schenectady, N. T. 



Chloride of Sodium 572.30fi gr. 

Clil>)ride of Potassium 5.680 " 

Uromide of Sodium 1.055 " 

lodiJe of Sudiura 620 " 

liicarbonate of Soda 4.757" 

I?ic irljonate of Lithia 11.793 " 

I'liosph ite of Lime . 3.175 " 

Hicirhonate of Lime 193.179 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia. IBI. 106 " 

lii -arboimte of Iron t».23U " 

Alumina trace. 



Silica l.HOgr 

Bicarbonate of Baryta 1.790 '' 

Bicarbonate of Strontia trace. 

Chloride of Rubidium trace. 

Total. 98*i.345 

in a U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches. 



Carbonic Acid Gas.. 538. 074 cubic inch. 

Density 1.015 '• 

Temperature 50° Pahr. 



We append a few words from the Ballston Journal of May, 1875, 
which alludes to the Sans Souci hotel and reminiscences of its 
p:ist glories: " The Sans Souci has a history. When first opened, 
in 1804, it was the largest and best appointed hotel in the coun- 
try. It immediately became the resort of health-seekers, tour- 
ists, fashionables, politicians, statesmen, jurists, and merchant 
princes. Year after year, Martin Van Buren, V/illiam L. Marcy, 

78 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

Silas Wright, Edwin Crosswell, Ambrose L. Jordan, Enos T. 
Tliroop, \Vm. C. Bouck, Daniel Cady, Ambrose L. Spencer, 
Azariah C. Flagg, John C. Spencer, Aaron Hackley, Michael Hoflf- 
man, and hundreds more of eminent men and high officials in 
every State of the Union came here and booked themselves, not 
for a week, but for two or three months, their families sharing 
with them the recreations and i^leasures of the season. 

" Those were golden years in the glorious olden time, when our 
-•" "" 'red not half the inducements which now make it at- 

It had then the best mineral waters in the country; it 
Liu iLi'u now. It had then rural scenery unrivaled in variety 
and beont .•; it has that scenery now, only of wider expanse, and 
m' re diversified by forest and glen, hill and plain, lake and 
stream. It had then the usual facilities of a country village; it 
has now all the modern advantages of the city. It had the most 
famous hotel in the country for summer visitants; it has now, in 
the remodeled Sans Souci, an edifice altogether superior to its 
former glory, whose proprietor is determined to recover its 
former popularity, and who will spare no means to make it a 
most desirable resort to those who wish to avoid extremes of 
fashion and extravagance of expenditure." 

Around Ballston are many beautiful drives, as the country is 
diversified with hills, lakes and beautiful streams. Three miles 
to the east is Saratoga Lake, a beautiful sheet of water; and to 
the south. Lake Ballston, about the same distance from the vil- 
lage. A little south of Lake Ballston is Hound Lake, about which 
are the grounds of the National Camp Meeting Association of the 
Methodist Church. Along the banks of the Kayaderosseras lliver 
as it winds through its beautifully shaded valley, with sharply- 
cut bank on either side, is 9. delightful di'ive. A new avenue, 80 
feet wide, has recently been opened between Ballston and Sara- 
toga Springs, six miles distant, running through the region of 
the group of pulsating springs, including the celebrated Geyser 
and Glacier Spouting Springs. This is one of the most popular 
drives, as it connects these two celebrated watering places. 

Ballston and Saratoga are connected by almost hourly trains of 
the Delaware &, Hudson Canal Go's E. H. during the fashionable 
season, thus enabling visitors to enjoy the gaj'ety of Saratoga 
without being subject to the inconvenience of crowded hotels 

79 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTK. 



■OBKKEOTAST BRANCH OF REXS9ELAKR AKD SARATOGA R. & 

SCHENECTADY. 

^Aenectady County, N. F.. 17 Miles from Albany. 22 MU* 
from S'lratogn Springs. From Buffalo, 281. Hotels. — Oke7.*\ 
Carley (Idte Eagle). 

The site of this city is a tract purchased from the Indians bj 
ihe agent of the Rensselaer estate. The settlement was com 
menced in 1(!(J1. It is situated on the Mohawk, and on thf 
borders of one of the finest intervales in the State. In 1G90 it 
contained eijjlity houses. On the 8th of February in that year, 
about three hundred French and Indians entered the Palisadei 
which surrourdad the city at the unguarded portals, and fired 
the dwellings, anJ attacked the sluinbeinng inmates. Most of 
the dwellings were de.stroyed ; and the inhabitants who were not 
carried off, rushing from their beds to escape the savages, per 
ished in the snow. Only a ^j-^w reached Albany, the nearest 
shelter. In 1795 Schenectady was made the head-quarters of the 
"Western Navigation Company," organized to navigate the Mo 
hawk River to Oneida Lake. It was incorporated as a city Ir 
1786. Besides a considerable amount of trade, which is now car 
ried on here by means of the canal and the railways which centei 
here, the people are largely engaged in various manufactures, 
among which are included machinery, cotton, carriages, agri 
onltural implements, and various utensils, implements, etc. Th« 
wntrine-houses and repair-shops of the N. Y. Central Railroad Co. 
ire verj" extensive, and one of the largest locomotive mana 
factories in the country is located here. This is a great market 
(or broom com, a staple product of the valley. 

Union College, incorporated in 1795, was first erected in the city, 
but now graces an eminence on its eastern boundary, and com- 
mands a fine view for many miles up and down the Mohawk valley. 
The first college building was erected in 1814. It is largely endow- 
ed by grants from the State, and by private contributions. Th* 
oollege has attiuned a high reputation under the presidency of T)r 

80 



HUDSON KIVER EOUTK 

Nott, Dr. Hictok, and its present president, Dr. Potter. Aid is 
furnished to students of limited means from the State Fund, with- 
out reference to what profession they propose to follow. Through 
the liberality of E. C. Delavan, Esq., the " Wheatley Collection" 
of minerals and shells was secured for tho college at a cost of 
$10,000. A department of civil engineering and analytical 
chemi.stry has been organized, affording ample facilities in this 
direction. Union College is the alma mnier of the Hon. W. H. 
Seward, and many other distinguished statesmen, and men of 
science and letters. The public schools are well conducted. 

The Vale Cemetery Association was organized in 1858. The 
cemetery contains fifty acres, and is located in a beautiful Tale 
on the border of the city. It is covered with native pines, and 
is tastefully laid out and ornamented. 

Passengers from Schenectady to Saratoga are now conveyed 
without change of cars at Ballston Spa, as formerly, and travelers 
going west from Saratoga will find this tho most direct route con- 
necting with the New York Central E. K. at Schenectady. 

81 



Saratoga Springs. 

Saratoga Springn, Saratoga Co.. N. T. 
18 2 Miles from New York. 

The village of Saratoga Springs is approached by rail from thi 
»ODth-west, and but little of the village can be Been from the rail- 
\o*d It is somewhat irregularly laid out, and many of its streeti 
ftre pleasantly shaded. The land on which the village propei 
Jtands is sufficiently level to render all parts of the place of casj 
access on foot or in a carriage, and yet is broken into low, rolimg 
hills, so that the monotony of a dead level is pleasantly relieved. 
The population is about 9,000 during the winter, and rathei 
more than double that number at almost any given time during 
the summer. Saratoga County, near the center of which are the 
Springs, is bounded on the south and east by the Mohawk and 
Hudson rivers, along whose banks are a variety of picturesqua 
drives leading through scenery, interesting from its intrinsit 
beauty as well as for its historic associations. 

Near the central part of the village, and overlooked by manj 
of the principal buildings and hotels, is a shallow valley, beneath 
which, deep in the bowels of the earth, is one of the most won- 
derful of Nature's laboratories. There she prepares solutions of 
various medicinal and mineral substances with a subtle power of 
combination which no chemistry has been able successfully to 
Imitate, and sends the different solutions to the surface of the 
earth by channels which reach the light within a few rods of 
one another, yet discharge waters distinct in constituents, varioui 
in medicinal effects, and uniform in temperature. 

We cannot wonder that, in an age which believed in a plurality 
of gods, mineral springs were regarded with mingled fear and 
feneration. We have very ancient accounts of such springs, 
which were valued for their natural and worshipped for their en 
pematural properties. Greek and Roman, and even Hebrew and 
Uhaldaio writers, mention charmed fountains whose waters cured 
lisease and almost restored the dead to life. The fabled fountain 
>f eternal yo-th doubtless had its origin in the bubbling waten 
»f some mineral spring, as well as in the fancy of the poet who 
drst gave it a name. Even in the time of our Saviour, the Pool ol 
Boihesda was famooa and was visited by invalids f^".m all PalestinA 



SAllATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Congress Spring. 

This spring is locatetl in Congress Spring Park, opposite the 
southern end of Congress Hall. There is an artistic and very 
beautiful pavilion built over it to protect visitors from sun and 
rain. The principal entrance to the spring-house is at the grand 
entrance to the Park, near Broadway. On entering the Park, 
turn to the left, pass along the arbor like colonnade to the pavil- 
ion about the spring, where seats are provided, and the spring 
water, drawn by a novel process, is served ui^on small tables by 
the attendants. Visitors will find this method of obtaining the 
waters far more agreeable than the old way followed at the other 
springs, as they can partake leisurely while seated, without 
being jostled by the crowd, and enjoy the beautiful view of the 
Park and the delightful music by the Park Band. By descend- 
ing a few steps to the cast, along the colonnade to the cafi, hot 
coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at moderate 
prices. The waters of the Congress and Columbian springs are 
supplied free to all visitors of the Park. Admissiofi to the Park 
is regulated by tickets, for which a merely nominal charge is 
made. All the attractions of the Park are open to visitors who 
pay the entrance fee. 

Congress Spring is more generally known and used than any 
of the other Saratoga springs, and has probably effected more 
cures of the diseases for which its waters are a specific, than any 
other mineral spring in America. It was discovered in 1792. 
The waters were first bottled for exportation in 1823, by Dr. 
John. Clarke, of New York, who purchased the spring from the 
Livingston family, who held it under an ancient grant. The 
property was purchased of Dr. Clarke's executors in 1865, by 
the Congress Spring Company, the present proprietors. 

The medicinal effects of Congress water have been tested for 
nearly a century, and its use is prescribed by physicians, with the 
utmost confidence, after long knowledge of its great efficacy, and 
the entire comfort and safety with which it may be used. To pro- 
fessional men and others whose occupations are sedentary, and to 
all sufferers from the various forms of bilious disorders, it is in- 
valuable. It contains of the laxative salts (chloride of sodium 
and bicarbonate of magnesia) enough to render its effects certain 

45 




CONGRESS SPRING PAVILION. 

ERECTED, 1876. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

without the addition or use of cathartic drugs ; and it produces 
free and copious evacuations without in any manner debilitating 
the alimentary canal or impairing the digestive i)owers of the 
stomach. At the same time it does not contain an excess of 
those salts, the presence of which in the cruder mineral waters, 
native and foreign, often renders them drastic and irritating, 
producing very serious disorders. 

In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Spring, Prof. 
C. F. Chandler remarks, that "the superior excellence of this 
water is duo to the fact that it contains, in the most desirable 
proportions, those substances which produce its agreeable flavor 
and satisfactory medicinal effects -neither holding them in ex- 
cess nor lacking any constituent to be desired in this class of 
waters. As a calliuriic water, its almost entire freedom from iron 
should recommend it above all others, many of which contain 
so much of this ingredient as to seriously impair their useful- 
ness." Prof. Chandler also remarks, that a comparison of his 
analysis with that by Dr. John H. Stej:l, in 1832, proves that 
the Congress water still retains its original strength, and all the 
virtues which established its well-merited reputation. 

ANALYSIS OF CONGRESS SPRIN'G WATER. 

BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. 

One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains: 

Chloride of Sodium 400.444 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium. . . 1^.049 
Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12 1.757 

Bicarbonate of Lime 143.399 

Bicarbonate of Lithia.... 4.761 

Bicnrbonate of Soda 10.775 

Bicarbonate of Baryta.. 0.928 
Bicarbonate of Iron — 0.340 
Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. 



Bromide of Sodium 8.559 grains. 

Iodide of Sodium 138 

Sulphate of Potassa. ... 0.889 

Phosphate of Soda 0.016 " 

Silica 0.840 " 

Fluoride ('f("alcium, 1 

Bihoiate of Soda, V ea^ij ^ trace. 

Alumina, ) 

Total. 700 895 grains. 



Carbonic Acid Gas 392,289 cubic inches. 

It should be remembered that this water is never sold in bar- 
rels. Genuine Congress water is sold only in bottles. lu this 
form it is sent to almost every part of the world, and its name is 
a household word. 

46 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Columbian Spring. 

This Spring is located in Congress Spring Park, just west of the 
park entrance and a little nearer Broadway. It is covered by a 
beautiful and artistic pavilion, and is approached through the 
park entrence to the right, or down a few stejis from Broadway, 
opposite Columbian Hotel. The Spring is owned by the Con- 
gress Spring Company. It is a fine chalybeate mineral water, 
and possesses singularly active properties in certain diseases. 

It is said to be especially valuable in liver complaints, dyspepsia, 
erysipelas, and all cutaneous disorders. As a tonic water for fre- 
quent use, no spring in Saratoga is so popular as the Columbian. 

The water is recommended to be drank in small quantities fre- 
quently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the ca- 
thartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one-half to 
one glass should be taken at a time. When taken in large quan- 
tities, or before breakfast, a peculiar headache is experienced. 

The proper use of this water will strengthen the tone of the 
stomfich, and tend to increase the red particles of the blood 
which, according to Liebeg, perform an important part in resjji- 
ration. Though containing but 5.58 grains of iron in each gallon, 
this water has a perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much 
to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so great a 
power of affecting the palate should possess equally potent influ- 
ence lajjon the whole system ? The happy medicinal effects of 
these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute 
division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken 
into the system. The water is exported largely, and descriptive 
l^amphlets, containing full directions for drinking the water, may 
be obtained at the Company's office opposite Congress Spring. 

ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN WATER, BY PROF. E. EMMONS. 
Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows: 



Chloride of Sodium 267.00 grains. 

TJicarbonate of Soda 15.40 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 46 71 " 
Hydriodate of Soda 2.06 " 



Carbonate of Lime 68.00 grains. 

Carbonate of Iron 5.58 " 

Silex 2.05 " 

Hy 'o-Bro'ate of Pot. scarcely a trace. 



Solid contents in a gallon 407.30 grains. 

Carbonic Acid Gas 272.C6 inches. 

A.tmospheric Air 4.50 " 



276.56 inches. 
47 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Empire Spring, 

This spring, one of the best in Saratoga, is located in the north 
part of the shallow valley that runs through the village. To reach 
it from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north to the first street 
north of Town Hall; then to the right, then left, through Front 
street, down the hill, to the large bottling-house at the foot of 
the hill. This spring is in a pavilion before the building. For 
full information concerning this spring, call at the ofl&ce. 

Although the existence of mineral water in this locality was 
known for a long time, it was not until 184G that any one thought 
it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The 
rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so 
copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work 
of unusual difficulty. "When once accomplished, the water flowed 
in great abundance and purity. It soon attracted the attention 
of medical men, and was found to possess curative properties 
which rendered it available in diseases which had not before been 
affected by Saratoga waters. It has proved itself adapted to a 
wide range of cases, especially of a chronic nature, and its pecu- 
liar value ifj recognized by eminent medical men. Its general 
properties closely resemble the Congress, although from the 
presence of a larger quantity of magnesia in the Congress water, 
the operation of the latter is perhaps somewhat more pungent. 

The Empire Spring water is a great favorite with many people, 
being preferred for its mild but positive medicinal effects. 

ANALYSIS OF EMPIRE SPKIXG WATER, 

BY PKOF. C. F. CHAXDLEK. 

One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains : 

Chloride of Sodium . . .506.030 grains. I Bromide of Sodium 0.266 grains, 



Chloride of Potassium 4 292 
Bicarb, of Magnesia.. . 42.953 
Bicarbonate of Lime ..109.656 
Bicarbonate of Lithia. 2.080 
Bicarbonate of Soda.. 9.022 
Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.075 
Bicarbonate of Iron . . . 0. 793 
Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. 



Iodide of Sodium 0.006 

Sulphate of Potassa... 2.769 

Phosphate of Soda 0.023 

Silica 1.145 

Alumina 0.418 

lluoride of Calcium, 

liiborate of Soda, }■ each a trace. 

Organic Matter, 



Total 680.436 grains. 

Carbonic Acid 344.699 cubic in. 

48 



SARATOGA iLLtrSTRATEB. j 

Excelsior Spring, 

Is found in a beautiful vallej', amid picturesque scenery, about a 
mile east of the town ball, and near the centre of Excelsior Park. 
The i:)rincipal park entrance is on Lake Avenue, half a mile from 
Circular street, or we may approacli it by Spring Avenue, Avbich 
will lead us past most of the i)rincipal springs, and the Lough- 
berry Water Works with its famous Holly IMachinery, by which 
the village is supplied with an abundance of the purest water 
from the Excelsior Lake. Leaving the Water Y/orks, we see just 
before us, as the avenue bends towards the Excelsior Spring, the 
fine summer hotel known as the Mansion House. Surrounded 
by its grand old trees and beautiful lawn, it offers an inviting 
retreat from the heat and dust of our crowded cities. 

The spring is covered by a very tasteful pavilion, which will be 
noticed just cast of the little stream, and in front of the large 
bottling house beside the grove. The Union Spring is a little 
northwest of the Excelsior, and but a few steps removed. This 
valley, in which these two springs are situated, was formerly 
known r.s the " Valley of the Ten Springs," but the present 
owners, after grading and greatly beautifying the grounds, 
changed its name in honor of the spring to Excelsior Park. 

The Excelfior Spring has been appreciated for its valuable 
qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for at least 
half a century. Many noted cures, among the older residents of 
the town, were effected by the use of this water before it was 
introduced to the general public. The water, however, was not 
much known to the public until 1859, when Mr. H. H. Lawrence, 
the former owner, and grandfather of the present proprie- 
tor, retubed the Spring in the most thorough manner — the tubing 
extending to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the 
solid rock. By this improvement the water flows with all its 
properties undeterioratcd, retaining from source to outlet its 
original purity and strength. For several years the Excelsior 
Spring water has steadily increased in public favor, until now its 
sale has become very lai'ge, and it is to be found on draught, 
or in bottles, in nearly all the i^rinciijal cities and towns of 
the United States. We must not fail to notice the perfect 

49 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



and very ingenious method, invented by the proprietors of this 
spring, for bottling and barreling the water. In the large and 
well-lighted cellar of the bottling-house is a circular brick vault 
in whose depths the process of filling is performed. A block-tin 
tube conveys the water directly from the spring to this vault, at 
a depth of twelve feet from the surface of the ground. By hy- 
drostatic pressure the water is forced from the main tubing of 
the spring throiigh the smaller tube to the brick vault into air- 
tight barrels, or reservoirs, lined with pure block-tin. These 
reservoirs contain two tubes, one of which extends from the top 
to the bottom of the barrel, the other being shorter. When 
these reservoirs are connected with the tube leading from the 




WISP2L 



spring, the water is forced by hydrostatic pressure through the 
long tube into the barrel, and the air is driven out through the 
shorter (ube, while the gas of the water is not allowed to escape. 
To draw the water from the reservoirs, it is only necessary to 
attach the draught tube to the long tube of the barrel, and con- 
nect the shorter one with an air pump, when the pressure of the 
air will force out the water, without its being rei-harged with 
gas — pure, sparkling, and as delicious as though it were taken 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



directly from the spring. The value of the waters is universally 



IN BOTTLES. 




Bottle Mark 



couceded, and they have 
already attained a w^orld- 
wide popularity. The fa- 
miliar trade-mark of the 
Excelsior water may be 
seen in nearly all the cities 
and large villages of Am- 
erica. The water of this 
spring is a pleasant cathar- 
tic, and has also alterative 
and tonic properties. It 
is also delicious as a bev- 



ON DRAUGHT. 




Trade Mark. 

erage As a cathartic, two or three glasses before breakfast will 
be a sufficient dose, while, as an alterative or diuretic, smaU 
draughts throughout the day will be found beneficial. 




ANALYSIS OF THE "EXCELSIOR" SrRING WATER. 
As analyzed by the late R. L. Ar,t,EN, M.D-, of Saratoga Siirings. 



Sulphate of Soda l.^^^l Kraina 

Silicate of Soda ... 4.W0 

Iodide of Soda 4 23.5 " 

Bromide of Potas.=!a a trace. 

Sulphate of Strontia a trace. 



Chlorideof Sodium 37(1. fi42 grains. 

Carbonate of Lime 77.000 " 

Carbonate of Magnesia... 3-2.383 " 

Carbonate of Soda 15.000 

Silicate of Potassa 7.000 " 

Carbonate of Iron 3.215 " 

Solid contents in a gallon 514-MMMi grains 

Carbonic Ac.d (cubic inches) 250 

Atmosphere 3 

Gaseous Contents 853 cubic ia. 



SAEATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Union Spring, 

near the center of Excelsior Park, is about ten rods northwest of 
Excelsior Spring. It was originally known as the "Jackson" 
spring, and is described under that name by Dr. John H . Steele 
in his work on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga andBallston, pub- 
lished by Dr. Steele at Albany in 1819. The water was, liow- 
ever, but imiDerfectly secured until the present proprietors had 
the spring retubed in 1868. The water of the Union Spring acts 
as a mild cathartic when taken before breakfast. Drank at other 
times diiring the day it is a very agreeable and healthy beverage. 
P.of. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says: "This 
water is of excellent strength. It is specially noticeable that the 
ratio of magnesia to lime is unusually large, which is a decided 
advantage. The water ia also remarkably free from iron, a fact 
which is a great recommendation." The water is put up in bot- 
tles for shipping to any part of the world. It is also sold in 
Lawrence's Patent lleservoirs (barrels lined with pure block tin), 
containing about thirty gallons each. The reservoirs are very 
strong and perfectly gas-tight, and retain the water with all its 
natural Carbonic Acid Gas. From these reservoirs the water can 
be forced out, under atmosi)heric pressure, in its natural con- 
dition, sparkling with Carbonic Acid Gas as it flows from the spring 
at Saratoga, in the same manner in which the Excelsior water on 
draught is so very widely and favorably known. 

ANALYSIS OF THE CNION SPRING WATER, 
BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. 

Laboratory of the School of Mines, Columhia College, j 
Aew York; March 26, lh7J. J 

The sample of Mineral Water taken from the Union Si'UINg, Saratoga, con- 
tains iu one U. S. Gallon of 231 cubic inches: 

Cliloriile of Soilium 458.20!) grains. 

Ciluride of Potassium... 8.7;i3 " 



liromiue of Sodium 1.307 

loilideof Sodium 0.039 

Flui.rido of C!ilciura trace. 

Bica: bon:ite of Lithia 2.605 

Ricarbonnteof Soda 17 010 

Biorbonatc of Magnesia.l09.ee.5 

Hifiirboiiate of Limo 9(i.703 

Bicarbonate of Strontia.. trace. I Total Solid Contents.701. 174 grams. 



Bicarbonate of Baryta. 1.703 grains. 

Hicarbouate of Iron. .. 0.2i.9 

Sulphate of Potassa... 1>1H " 

Phosphate <f Soda O.uaii " 

Biborate of Soda trace. 

Alumina 0.324 " 

Silica 2.053 " 

Organic Matter trace. 



Carbonic Acid Gas in one gal., 384.9119 cubic inches. Temp., 48 deg. F. 

52 



8ABAT0GA IliLUSTEATED. 




syser or "Spouting Spring" 

Is a most wonderful fountain of mineral 
water, discovered in 1870,and situated about 
one mile and a quarter southwest of the 
village of Saratoga Springs, in the midst of 
the beautiful region of landscape scenery 
now known as "Geyser Lake and Park." 
To reach it from Saratoga follow Broadway 
south to Ballston Avenue, which branches 
ofE from Broadway in the south part of the 
village to the right, towards the south- 
west, and follow this avenue until it crosses the Bens, and Sar. 
R. R., when the large brick bottling house with the world-wide 
mscription of " Geyser Spring" will be distinctly seen across the 
lake to the left. Follow the carriage road across the causeway 
turning to the left, and you will soon find yourself at the entrance 
of the spring and bottling house, and in the midst of the most in- 
teresting spring region of Saratoga. Visitors are most cordially 
welcomed to the spring and grounds by the proprietors at all reasor - 
able hours of the day, and perfect freedom is accorded to all visitors 
to drink the waters, inspect the work of bottling, and to stroll 
through the beautiful grounds surrounding the springs. As yon 
enter the spring-house, directly in front of you, in the centre of 
the building, is this marvelous spouting spring, sending forth a 
powerful stream of water to the very top of the building, which 
in descending to its surrounding basin fprays into a thousand 
crystal streams, forming a beautiful fountain ever flowing, and 
charming to behold. 

In the center of the room is the turtistical basin, about six feet 
■quare, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe. From this leaps. 
In fantastic dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it 
full play, there is an opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and 
falls, day and night, continually. At one side, a faucet, with » 
nose like a soda fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The watei 
boils and bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED, 

curb has a stream of water flowing through it and escaping at the 
top. This enables us to see the thick stream of bubbling gas os 
it rises through the water and makes an extremely pretty display. 
A large business is here carried on in bottling this valuable and 
delicious water, and visitors are shown all the i^rocesses in detail 

The orifice bored in the rock is five and a half inches in diame. 
ter, and 132 feet deep. The rock formation consists of a strata 
of slate eighty feet thick, beneath which lies the strata of bird's-eyt- 
limestone in which the mineral vein was struck. The orifice i^ 
tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth O'- 
eighty-five feet, the object being to bring the water through thi 
soft slate formation, as the immense pressure and force of the 
gas would cut the slate, thereby causing impurities in the water. 

Recently the present proprietors became convinced that a large, 
percentage of the Carbonic Acid Gas shown by the phenomenoi; 
of spouting, was not present in the bottled water. They recently 
re-tubed the spring and put in the most approved Bottling Table. 
The result is that for the first time in the hi.story of the Si^rinp 
all the Natural Carbonic Acid Gas is retained to the bottled water, 
thereby adding much to its already high medicinal qualities, and 
making it an Excellent Table Watee, the water now being 
hi(jhhj effervescent and the best mineral water known. 

Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School 
of Mines, visited this spring a few weeks after its discovery, and 
the following analysis, made from water collected by him at that 
time, demonstrates the great value of the Geyser as a medicinal 
spring : 

ANALYSIS OF ONE TJ. S. GALLON. 



Chloride of Sodium 562.080 grains. 

t hliiride of Potassium.. . 24.634 " 

Bromide of Sodiiim 2.212 " 

Iodi<lo of Kodium 0.248 " 

Fluoride of Calcium a trace. 

Bicarbouate of Lithia 9.004 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 71 2:i2 " 

Bicarbonate of ISIagnesia 14'.'.34:J " 
Bicarbonate of Lime.... 168.392 " 

Total solid contents 991.546 

Carbonic Acid Oa« in ose U. S. Gal 454.082 cubic in 

Density l-OU 

Temperature 40° Fabr 



Bicarbonate of Strontia. 0.425 grains. 
Bicarbonate of Baryta .. 2.014 " 
Bicarbonate of Iron.. . 0.979 " 

.Sulphate of Potassa 0.318 " 

Phosphate of Soda trace. 

Biborate of Soda trace. 

Alumina trace. 

Silica 0.665 " 

Organic Matter trace. 



UAMirOQA ILLUBTIUTKD 

It 111*7 ^ noticed that the water is charged with medioinai 
uid gaseous properties to a wonderful degpree, its total solid con 
tents being 991 .546 grains. The amount of gas is excessive, and 
it is this that enables the water to hold in solution so great t 
proportion of minerals, and gives to it remarkable preservative 
properties when bottled, an well as imparts that mysterious powei 
which forces the water from its silent cavern in the earth into thr 
beautiful fountain of the spring. Its properties are permanent in 
any climate, and for an indefinite time. So long as kejt oorkeil 
and the bottle laid on the side, it retains its value unimpaired. 

As a medicinal agency its effects are marvelous. Testimonial! 
from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful 
cures of diseases ; especially in Cutaneous Diseases, or any of tht 
various phases of Scrofula. It is used with telling effect in Kid- 
ney Disease, Lirer ComplaiiU, Dyspepsia, BiliouKuesn, Itheitmilism, 
Acidity of Stomach, etc. It is » delightful beverage, and when 
taken as a cathartic leaves none of those unpleasant effects ob- 
servable in the use of many other of the Saratoga waters. 

As an apenent or catfiartic it should be used in the early moin 
iug ; and, if in bottles, it should stand in the room so as not to 
be too cool. To give it more ready effect, raise the water to 
about blood-heat, or 90° Fahr. A pint bottle, or about two 
glasses, will usually be found sufiBciently prompt and effective. 

As an alterative, the water should be drank cool, in small quan- 
tities. When taken with meals or at lunch, as an ordinary bev- 
erage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening «.nd 
rtimulating effect. After wines or hearty eating, the water is a 
jure corrective, restoring the stomach to its natural conditioa 
while relieving the system of uncongenial and injurious substances 
It cures Biliousness, corrects acidity of stomach, relieves nerv 
ouB or feverish irritation and headache, and a restless person maj 
be induced to sleep by taking a glass of Geyser on retiring al 
night. Geyser Water also operands with excellent effect upon the 
Kidneys. The lithia found in this water is a specific for gravel 
or stone, and is effectual in dissolving the chalk or limestone and 
urate deposits in Rheumatism or Gout. Geyser Water is put ap 
in pint and quart bottles, and in tin-lined barrels of thirty galloni 
aacb, aivl it may be found at any leading druggist's on th« OOD 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

linent. In bottles, it is packed in cases of four dozen pinti or 
two dozen quarts. 

The spring property is managed by a company, and for the 
purposes of business the proprietors have adopted the name 
'Geyser Spring Co." All orders should be addressed to 
Geyseu Spring Co., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. The officers ol 
the com[iany are Allen W. Evarts, President ; George E. Settle, 
Treasurer. The business of the Geyser Spring has increased 
rapidly since its discovery in 1870, and its waters are now sold 
everywhere. 

By parsing through the door, at the east end of the bottling 
house, we ( nter upon a piazza which overlooks the stream that 
dashes by the spring house. Under the overhanging awning w* 
may enjoy a very charming prospect. 

Geyser Park 
Embraces a tract of about 40 acres surrounding the Geysei 
Spring, and is open to visitors who are invited, by numerous rustie 
chairs and settees, to enjoy the natural beauties of this charming 
vicinity. Leaving the spring-house by the rear door, we enter 
upon the ramble and follow the shady path down into the delL 
From the rustic bridge is a pretty view of the waterfall near the 
■pring-house, and in the vicinity are several springs of varied min- 
eral properties, more or less undeveloped, bat indicating the greal 
richness of this region in mineral waters. Returning to the 
■pring-house, we may pass up the hill towards the west, and ob- 
tain a delightful view of the lake and park. From the summit of 
the slope to the westward the beautiful surroundings of this cele- 
brated locality are brought into view. Standing on the elevation, 
with our face to the east, a charming prospect is spread before us. 
The large, beautiful green expanse, studded here and there with 
trees and cottages, and terminating with tlie Green Mountain 
range in the distant east, and the Greenfield Mountains in the 
west ; the silvery water expanding from small proportions into 
the dimensions of a beautif-.il lake, fringed with graceful foliage 
knd shaded lawns ; the limpid stream plunging over the fall and 
dashing down into the shaded glen ; the strong-arched causeway, 
and the spouting springs shooting their pearly-white waters into 
graoeful fountains, all unite to form a charming landsoap*. 



lAMATOaA nxUSTKATKDu 

Hamilton Spring. 

This spring la situated about thirty rods north of the Oongress 
immediately in the rear of Congress Hall. It was discovered bj 
Mr. Gideon Putaam, one of the earlj settlers of the place, not 
long after the discovery of the Congress Spring, and named aftet 
the late General Hamilton. The water, when first taken from 
the spring, is remarkably clear and sparkling. It is saline and 
ftcidulous to the taste, and when taken to the quantity of five or 
fix half pints, is usually both cathartic and diuretic. 

This water ranks first among the springs as a diuretic, and it 
has long been celebrated for its good effects in gravelly and cal- 
oulous affections. In scrofula emd indeed all other indolent 
iwellings of the glands, the water of this spring, together with 
that of the Columbian, will unquestionably take the preference. 

It is owing to the iodine which these waters contain that they 
have become so famous in the cure of strumous affectiona 

The following Ingredients were obtained from one gallon, by 
an analysis by Dr. John H. Steele in 1831, viz. : 



Hydrobromate of Potaah. . . .a trsoe. 
Solid contenu In one gallon. 460.826 gn. 

Carbonic acid gai 816. " 

Atinospherio air 4. " 

OaseouB oontenU In a gidlon 390 InchM. 



Chloride of Sodium 297.3 g 

Carbonate of Lime U2.4 

Carbonate of Iron 6.39 

Hydriodate of Soda 8. 

Bicarbonate of Soda 27.036 

Bicarbonate oi UaifncBla... 86.2 

Address orders for water to 0. L. WiOGENB, Saratoga Springs,N.Y. 
The Hathom Spring 
Is on Spring Street, directly opposite the north wing of Gongresf 
Hall. It was discovered in 1869 by some workmen employed iu 
pla«ng the foundation of the brick block which contains the 
beautiful ball-room of Congress HalL It is named in honor of 
the Hon. H. H. Hathom, who first developed the spring, and 
ouLlt the famous Congress Hall Hotel. The spring was very se- 
curely tubed in 1872, at the large expense of $15,000. The 
Hath3rn is one of the most valuable springs in Saratoga. Great 
quantities of water are bottled and sold in the leading towns and 
cities of the United States and Canada. The water contains 
8."i8.03 grains of solid contents in a gallon, and combines chloride of 
•tidiam, the prevailing chemical element of all the Saratoga Spring 
iraters. with bicarbonate of lithia. and other valuable properties 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Analysis of the Hathom Spring Water. 



ChlorMe of Sodium 509.968 grs. 

Chloride of Potassium 9.597 

Bromide of Sodium 1.534 

Iodide of Sodium .198 

Fluoride of Calcium a trace. 

Bicarbonate of Litliia .... 11.447 

Bicarbonate of Soda 4.288 

Biiarbonateof Magnesia.. 176.403 

Bicarbonate of Lime 17U.646 

Bicarbonate of Strontia. . . a trace. 
Bicarbonate of Barj'ta.... 1.737 
Bicarbonate of Iron 1.128 



Sulpliiite of Potassa none. 

Pliospliate of Soda 006 gri. 

Biborate of Soda a trace. 

Alumina 131 " 

Silica 1.260 •' 

Organic matter a trace. 

Total solid contents.... 888.4303 
Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 gal., 375.74fi 
inches. 

Density, 1.009. 



The High Rock Spring 
Is on Spring Avenue, near the Empire, Star and Seltzer, and is 
believed to be the first which was discovered in this vicinity. 
The peculiar mineral formation which gives its name is a great 




IKTERIOR OV HIGH ROCK SPRING, 
curiosity, and early attracted the attention of Indian hunters and 
the white pioneers of American civilization. The water bus 



8ASAT0OA ILLUSTRATED. 

bnilt a carb for itself, the fonndatiotiB of which must hare b««i 
laid when the continent wa8 in its infancy. The water being im 
pregnated with particles of mineral substances, probably at first 
saturated the ground about the outlet of the spring. As the 
water evaporated, a species of rock was formed by the com- 
mingling of earth and mineral ; and the continual overflow ol 
mineral water, gradually built up the present curious dome 
shaped rock, which ia 'Si feet high, and 23 feet 4 inches in cir- 
cumference, and looks like a miniature volcano. There is an 
Indian tradition that, many years ago, the water ceased to flow 
over the rock, owing to the displeasure of the Great Spirit. The 
water, however, remained within reach from the top, and the 
overflow probably found a way of escape through cracks which 
eventually have been stopped by deposits from the water. A 
handsome pagoda has been erected over the spring, and a bottling- 
house near by contains the usual apparatus for preparing the 
water for market. It is said that the first white man who used 
these waters was Sir William Johnson, who was brought in the 
year 1767 through the wilderness, which then surrounded Saratoga, 
on a litter, and drank the water a few weeks, when he was able to 
walk away without assistance. The High Rock Spring, which 
m;iy therefore be looked upon as the father of all these healing 
waters, has stood the test of over a century. Its water is a su- 
perior tonic, and cathartic as well as alterative. It is useful in 
Rheumatism, Scrofula, Dyspepsia, Constipation, and is especially 
beneficial in its operation upon the kidneys and liver ; and in- 
(Ji ed it purifies and renovates the whole system, clearing and 
beautifying the complexion and prolonging life. 

The High Rock water cures Biliousness, corrects acidity of th« 
jtomach, and relieves nervous or feverish irritation and headache. 

Perhaps there is no class of mineral water drinkers who enjoj 
a dsit to Saratoga so much, or who realize so fully and so speediij 
ihe benefits arising from drinking the water, as the class of per- 
sons known as "free livers." They suffer from functional dis 
turbance arising from too much food. But when daily drinking 
the water they are wholly exempt from all inconvenience arising 
from such surfeit not only, but can use double the quantity o( 
food and drinks previously taken . and experieuce no inoonvemeno« 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The acid products which follow such free living under othe" 
circumstances, and which produce wakefulness, with morbid, 
nervous, and cerebral symptoms, are wholly prevented by the use 
of this water, and refreshing sleep, long deferred, is fully enjoyed. 
All such of the above class as have become more or less diseased 
from liberal living, may have their stomachs restored to a healthy 
condition by the use of this water. 

As an Ai^erient or Cathartic the water should be taken in the 
morning, half an hour before breakfast, its temperature not over 
cool. For instant action, warm the water slightly. 

As a Tonic, the water should be taken cool and in small quan- 
tities. When drank at meals as a beverage, the system will retain 
the minerals with strengthening and stimulating effect. 

The condition of the system, which marks the early stage of 
the fearful disease of Scrofula, is usually removed by a timely and 
faithful use of the High Eock Water. Scorbutic persons, both 
young and more advanced in life, often witness large scrofulous 
tumors rapidly pass away under the influence of thismineralwater. 

The utmost care has been taken in retubing not only to keep 
out all impure and fresh waters, but also to retain the fixed car- 
bonic acid gas, for which this spring is pre-eminently celebrated. 

High Kock Spring is managed by a prominent gentleman, who 
has taken possession of the spring with a determination to ex- 
tend the sales of the water of this famous spring. Mr. Young is 
owner and manager. 

The following analysis of the High Kock Spring water was 
made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School 
of Mines, who collected the water at the spring for analysis: 

Analysis of one U. S. gallon: 

Bicarbonate of Lime. ..131,739grains. 



Chloride of Sodium 390. 127 grains. 

Chloride of Potassiuui. . . 8.497 " 

Bromide of Sodium 0.731 " 

Iodide of Sodimu 0.9S6 " 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Sulphate of Potassa 1.608 " 

Bicarbonate of Baryta. . . . trace. 
Bicarbonaie of Strontia.. trace. 

Total 628.039 

Carbonic Acid Gas •' 409.458 cub. iu. 

60 



BicarbonateofMagnesia 54.924 
Bicarbonate of Soda.... 34.888 

Bicarbonate of Iron 1.478 

Phosphate of Lime trace. 

Alumina 1.228 

Silica 2.260 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Pavilion Spring 
is situated in the valley a few rods east of Broadway, between 
Lake Avenue and Caroline Street, at the head of Spring Avenue. 
It was formerly a prominent spring water, but its sale has not 
been pushed energetically of late, and hence the water is not so 
generally used as formerly. 

The Elixir Spring. 

This spring, to which the above appropriate name has been 
given, was developed by the Red Spring Company on April 26, 
1887, and is situated aboiit 150 feet south of the Red Spring. 

It is one of the most remarkable fountains of mineral water in 
this world-renowned mineral spring region, in respect of both 
the quantity and quality of the water it produces. This water 
is remarkable for the great amount of gas it contains. It is one 
of the very few spouting springs of Saratoga Village. 

It is an alkaline water, pleasant to the taste, invigorating in 
its effects, and is destined to become popular for table iise. The 
large amount of carbonic acid gas it contains preserves its palat- 
able freshness and tone, and makes it a very valuable water for 
bottling and sale in the general mineral water market. 

The Red Spring. 

This celebrated remedial Spring, located just north of the Em- 
pire Spring, was discovered in 1770, since which time the efficacy 
of its waters in the cure of eruptive and skin diseases has been 
constantly demonstrated, as the multiplied testimonials of its 
grateful patrons, from every portion of the Union, fully attest. 
The Red Spring Water is a powerful alkaline; hence, those acids 
▼hich produce rheumatism, gout and kindred diseases are neu- 
tralized by its use. Indeed, to its action in neutralizing the acids 
of the stomach may be attributed the remarkable efficacy of the 
water in the cure of that wide-spread and most distressing mal- 
ady, dyspepsia. In a general sense the therapeutic effects of the 
water are alterative, and it is especially adapted to inflamed mu- 
cous membranes. Indeed, inflammation, whether internal or ex- 
ternal, cannot abide contact with Red Spring water. Drinking 
the water, or bathing with or in it, as the necessities of the case 

61 



SARATOGA ILLTTSTRATEB. 

require, invariably allays inflammation and restores the organ or 
the surfa-ie affected, to its normal condition. Salt rheum, scrof- 
ula ulcers, inflamed eyes, granulated eyelids, kidney difficulties, 
rheumatism and cancerous affections are among the diseases for 
which Red Spring water is a sovereign remedy. The alterative 
properties of the water are so great that smaU quantities of it 
produce the desired effect; it is accordingly peculiarly adapted 




to the weakest stomachs in external chronic diseases. The won- 
derful virtue of the water in curing salt rheum was spoken of 
fifty years ago by Dr. Steele, in his work on "Mineral "Waters." 

Yielding to the continuoiis public demand for Red Spring wa- 
ter baths, the Red Spring Company has erected a commodious 
bath house with modern appliances for giving hot, cold or tepid 
mineral baths. A series of plunge baths for learners, and per- 
sons who enjoy the luxury of swimming without incurring any 
of its perils, has also been constructed. 

The Red Spring water is bottled and shipped to every portion 
of the country, and is rapidly acquiring the reputation which it 
deserves, of being the leading mineral water in the Union for the 
cure of the diseases we have enumerated. The Spring is situated 
in the midst of beautiful surroimdings, and the throng of visitors 
who crowd the colonnade during the season attests the fame 
and popularity of this perennial fountain of healing waters. 



SARATOGA ILLTJSTRATBD. 



Saratoga "A" Spring. 

The "A " Spring is situated on Spring Avenue, beyond the Em 
[liie spring, and a little north of the Red Spring, on the eastern 
side of a steep bluff of calciferous sand rock. 

The following analysis of the spring, is by Julias G. Pohle, M.Do 



Chloride of Sodium 66Q.3UU grains. Bicarbonate of Ircx.... i.7S4 grainti 

Chloride of Potassiiun. . 367 " Sulphate of Lime 448 

Chloride of Calcium 

and Magnesia trace 

Bi(«rbonate of Soda. .... 6.752 
Bicarbonate of Lime ... . 66.853 
liicarbonate of Mag- 
nesia 30.480 

Solid contests per gallon 666.911 grain* 

Free Carbonic Acid Qaa, per gaUon Hi cubic lnoha)> 

▲tmoapheric air 4 " ** 



Bicarbonate of Ircx. 

Sulphate of Lime 

Sulphate of Magnesia... 288 

Sulphate of Soda 2.600 

Sulphate of Potassa 870 

BiUclcAcid. 1.460 

AIomiuA 880 




The Star Sprinr. 

To reach this spring from Congress Hall, follow Broadway 
north five l)locks to the railroad. Turn to the right and then to 
tlie second left, and in a few steps the long flight of stairs lead- 
ing down the bluff to the spring will be found. This spring was 
formerly known as lue President and the Iodine. It is over hal> 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

a century since its waters were first known and used, but thei* 
full virtues were not developed until 1SG2. In 1 80 it was re- 
tubed, and tubing- carried 44 feet into s lid rock, securing per- 
fect fre'doni f lom surface waters, and most perfect tubing of any 
erf the S;i a oga springs, as no other is tubed so far into the rock. 
Since 1862 the Saratoga Star Spring has greatly increased its 
popularity as a mineral water, and is now recognized as one oi 
the leading waters in the principal markets. The water is largely 
charged with carbonic acid gas which renders it peculiarly val- 
aable as a bottling water, since it preserves its freshness much 
longer than wsnters containing a smaller amount of the gas. 

We give the analysis of this celebrated spring, showing the 
amount of mineral properties in one gallon of the water as deter- 
mined by eminent chemists : 



Chloride of Sodium 378.962 grs. 

Chloride of PotaBsiura 9.829 " 

Bromide of Sodium 56.65 " 

Iodide of Sodium of Iodine 8.000 " 

Sulphate of PotJina 5.400 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime 120.549 " 



Bicnrbonate of Magnesia.. 61.913 gn 

Bicarbonate of Soda 12.669 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron 1.213 " 

Silica 1.383 " 

Phosphate of Lime, a trace 

Solid Contents in a Gallon, 615.685 " 



Carbonic Acid Gag, 407.55 cubic inches in a gallon. 

The foregoing analysis was made at different times, extended 
over a period of thirty years, by Prof. C. F. Chandler; also by 
Dr. Steele and Prof. Emmons. The results show that the great 
medicinal properties of the Star consist of the large quantity of 
iodine and bromide of sodium, being 2 grs. of iodine and 14 gn. 
.if Bromide to each quart. 

WTiile the immediate effects of the Star Spring are carthartio, 
its remote efifects are alterative, and these, after all, should be 
considered the most important, as the water thus reaches and 
changes the morbid condition of the whole system, giving the 
3tar water the high repute which it has maintained from its first 
discovery. For the following complaints it has been used with 
•narked advantage : Scrofula, Cutaneous Eruptions, Bilious Af- 
fections, Rheumatism, Gravel, Calculus, Suppression, Fevers, 
Dyspepsia, Constipation, Diabetes, Kidney Complaints, Loss of 
Appetite, Liver DiflBculties. The proprietors of the Star were 
the first to introduce Saratoga Water to the public, on draught, 
through the United States, Canadas, and Uiirope, which they did 
In parent tin-lined barrels which preserve the full purity of the 
vater. They furnish their waters fresb on draught, through 

06 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATRD. 



the apothecaries of the cities and towns of the United States, 
enabling patrons to obtain, at home, any quantity at the lowest 
possible cost, by the glass, gallon or barrel, as well as in pint or 
quart bottles, knowing that the free use of this water will restore 
health to invalids away from Saratoga as well as at the springs. 
The bottling-house is a handsome brick building, and is supplied 
with every convenience for business, and visitors are invited to 
inspect the house and the work of bottling. 




The Saratoga Vichy Spring 
Is delightfully located on Ballston Avenue, opposite Geyser 
Spring, in the midst of a park embracing a beautiful sloping 
lawn studded with forest trees on one .side, and the pretty little 
Geyser Lake on the other. Its surroundings are very picturesque, 
and are among the most attractive scenery about Saratoga. It 
was discovered in the mouth of March, 1872, by drilling in th« 
solid rock to the depth of 180 feet. 



lAJULTOOA ILLU8TBATKD. 

nds Bpring oontaiiis more soda and less salt than any otnei 
Saratoga water, and takes special rank at once among the rolua- 
Die mineral waters of this famous Spa. from its wonderful aim 
Uarity to the Vichy waters of France. It is the only alkalin* 
water found at Saratoga, and a specific in those troublesom* 
affections arising from Acidity of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Kid- 
ney and Bladder Difficulties ; several remarkable cases ait 
already recorded of these diseases cured by its use. The fol 
lowing analysis of the Saratoga Vichy, made by Prof. C. F. Chan- 
dler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, demonstrates ita 
value as a medicinal agent, and as an alkaline water of equal merit 
with the celebrated French Vichy . 
Contains in one U. S Oallon of 231 cubio inches : 



Chloride of Sodium 128.689 

Chloride of Potassium 14.113 

Bromide of Sodium 0.990 

Iodide of Sodium trace. 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lithia 1.760 

Bicai-bonlte of Soda. . 83.873 

Jicarbonate of Magnesia 41.603 

Bicarbonate of Lime 95.522 



Bicarbonate of StrontU trsoe. 

Bicarbonate of Baryta. 0.693 

Bicaibonate ot Iron 0.061 

Sulphate of Potassa trace. 

Phosphate of Soda trace. 

Biborate of Soda trace. 

Alumina 0.473 

SUica 0.768 

Organic Matter trace. 



Carbonic Acid Gas in one gallon, 383.071 cubic inches. Temperature 50° F. 

The Saratoga Vichy is an excellent table water, and superior to 
the French Vichy, as it contains more natural carbonic acid ga*, 
and mixes readily with all wines. It is not a cathartic water, 
(but mildly laxative if taken in quantity before breakfast,) and 
oan be drank at all times with its good effect as a Nervoua Stim- 
ulant, and in diseases of the Stomach, Kidneys, and Bladder. 

Geyser, Congress, Hathom, and other prominent Saratoga 
mineral springs are saline waters, but the Saratoga Vichy is ai 
Alkalip.e water; that is, the alkaline properties (lithia, soda, 
magnesia, lime etc. ,) overbalance the saline properties — Chlo- 
ride of Sodium (salt), and is therefore recommended in an entirely 
different class of cases. When the blood is impoverished from 
want of proper assimilation of food, or feeble tone of the stomach 
(generally, when the system is below the normal standard and 
requires " toning up," the Saratoga Vichy should be used. 

One of the most remarkable effects of Saratoga Vichy is th« 
Improvement or restoration of impaired digestive functions, in 
crease of appetite and improved tone. Dyspepsia is therefore ■ 
■pecial field for use of this warer. especially when accompaniad 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

with sour stomach, slowness of digestion, loss of appetite, 
vertigo, weakness, etc. The Saratoga Vichy is rapidly gaining 
popular favor, and is much used in our large cities in place of 
the French Vichy waters, which are frequently stale. Genuine 
Saratoga Vichy is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, half 
jiints, pints, and quarts, and in block-tin-lined barrels for 
draught purposes. Circulars containing full directions for its 
use may be obtained from those. selling the water, or the Sara- 
toga Vichy Spring Co., at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. R. A. Roberts, 
Esq., of i'^onkers, is President, and A. G. Munn, Jr., Secretary 
of the Company. It has a wholesale depot at 122 Pearl Street, 
New York, and Mr. L. A. James, of Saratoga Springs, is the 
efficient superintendent. 

The Diamond Spring 
Is just north of the Vichy in its grounds, and is a valuable chaly- 
beate or iron spring, with ingredients quite unlike those of its near 
neighbors. It possesses valuable diuretic and tonic properties, 
and is specially recommended for those suffering from general 
debility. One glass has the exhilarating effect of champagne and 
is remarkably efficient in curing many complaints peculiar to the 
female sex. It contains a large amount of carbonic acid gas and 
bottles better than any iron water at Saratoga. The Diamond 
Spring belongs to the Saratoga Vichy Spring Co. 

The "Washington Spring 
Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South 
Broadway. It is a chalybeate or iron spring, having I nic and 
diuretic properties. It is not a saline water, and the peculiar 
inky taste of iron is perceptible. It should be drank in the 
afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before retir- 
ing. One glass is sufficient for tonic purposes. Many regard 
this as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. It is frequently 
calletl the "Champagne Spring," from its sparkling properties. 
It is a very popular spring, and in the afternoon is thronged with 
visitors. Its grounds are very picturesque, and in the evening are 
lighted by gas. The Clarendon band discourses on the neighbor- 
ing piazza in summer, and fashionably attired people throng 
beneath the majestic pines, forming one of those peculiar group 
pictures which render Saratoga so charming. 

68 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Saratoga Kissingen Spring 
Is a mile south of Saratoga Village, north of Ballston Avenue, 
the drive to Geyser Lake, just west of the railroad crossing. It 
was developed in 1872, by boring through the solid rock to a 
depth of 192 feet. The pressure of the carbonic acid gas forces a 
stream of the mineral water out of the piping 20 or 30 feet into 
the air. The spring is called the Saratoga Kissingen because oi 
the similarity of its properties to those of the world-renowned 
Kissingen Spring of Bavaria, Germany. The water is highly effer- 
vescent and very agreeable to the taste. The medicinal effects of 
this water are aperient, diuretic, alterative and tonic. It is won- 
derfully efficacious in its action on the stomach, liver and kid- 
neys, and greatly promotes digestion. Analysis by James R. 
Nichols & Co., of Boston, of one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches: 

Cliloride (if Sodium, grains 23''..^)00| Bicarbonate of Lime 40.260 

Cliloriile of PotiiKsium Itj.y.so Bicarbonate of Siroiilia trace. 

Broraiile of Sodium I.WOO Bicarbonate of Baryta 9!12 

Iodide uf Sodium 042 Bicarbonate <if Iron 1.557 

I'luoride of Calcium trace. Sulphate of Potasea trace. 

Bicarbonate of Litliia 5.12;i Alumina trace. 

Bicarbonate of Soda 67.G17 Silica 1.280 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 70 470 Organic Matter trace. 

Totjil solid oonients in one United States gallon, in grains 644 fi 7 

Temperature, 40° Farenbcit. Density. 1.00«0 

Cubic inches CO^ in one gal., 3''i\.^. Total residue by evaporation. . ..43.J. 634 

The large amount of carbonic acid gas contained in the water 
preserves its palatable properties in all varieties of climate, and 
hence it is a valuable spring water for bottling and marketing. 
It is put up in ambir-colored glass bottles, and securely packed 
in cases containing two dozen quart bottles or four dozen pint 
bottles. The water is also barreled in block-tin-lined barrels for 
draught purposes. The water is bottled and shipped at the 
spring, in commodious buildings erected for this purpose. 

In summer a large tent is erected on the lawn, between the 
spring and Gej'ser Lake, under which the sparkling beverage, 
fresh from the spring, is served free in glasses to visitors. 

The spring is owned by the Saratoga Kissingen Company. 
Mr. H. F. Gary, for many years connected with Geyser Spring, 
supervises the business at the spring, and the office at No. 3, 
Grand Union Block, Saratoga Springs Village, while Mr. D. E. 
Lancaster, the general manager, has charge of the office and 
depot at No. 11 West 27th Street, New York City. 

69 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED 

Champion Spouting Spring. 

This phenomenal fountain is about one mile and a half south 
of the village of Saratoga Springs, near the carriage road leading 
to Ballston Sj^a, just east of the Eailioad. It is one of the group 
of celebrated Siiouting Springs which have recently been devel- 
oped and become a wonderful feature of the great watering-place. 
It was discovered in 1871, after sinking a shaft to the unusual 
depth of 300 feet. From this deeply concealed cavern, the pre- 
cious fountain burst forth to light, sending a column of water six 
and one-half inches in diameter, 25 or 30 feet into the air, pre- 
senting a marvelous and beautiful spectacle. The gaseous force 
of the water has been checked by a strong iron cap, fastened to 
the top of the tubing, and only a small jet of water is allowed to 
escape, except when this cap is removed, and the water darts 
forth in large volume to a height of 80 to 100 feet, imitating the 
wonderful Yellowstone and Iceland Geysers. 

These Saratoga Geysers are exceedingly interesting, and 
should be visited. During the winter the water freezes around 
the tube, and gradually forms a column of solid ice from 30 to 
40 feet high, and several feet in diameter. On another page 
we present an engraving of this wonderful spring, as it appears in 
winter. This marvelous spring possesses the chemical elements 
common to the Saratoga spring waters, in larger quantities than 
any other spring yet developed. We append the analysis by Prof. 
C. F. Chandlek, of Columbia College New York: 

SOLTD CONTENTS OF ONE V. S. GALLON, 231 CUBIC INCHES. 

Chloride of Sodium 702.239 Bicarbonate of Baryta 2.083 

Chloride of Potassium 40.44 fi 1 Bicarbouate of Irou 0.647 

Bromide of Sodium 3..579 Sulphate of Potassa 0.252 

iMdide of Sodium 0.2.i4 : Piiosphate of Soda 0.010 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bi borate of Soda trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lithia 0.247 1 Alumina 0.458 

Hicaibonate of Soda 17.624 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 193.912 

Bicarbonate of Lime 227.070 

Bicarbonate of Strontia : 0.082 Total prains 1195.682 

Carbonic Acid Gas, 4G5.4j8 cubic inches. Temperature, 49° Fahr. 

It contains more mineral properties per gallon than any other 
spring water in Saratoga. Hence a less quantity will produce 
the usual effect. It acts very favorably upon the kidneys and 
liver, and its medicinal value is established by the testimony of 
high medical authority. 

70 



Silica 0.699 

Organic matter trace. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Saratoga Magnetic Spring 
Is situated on Spring Avenue, in the valley opposite the High 
Kock Spring. It is unlike all other springs in Saratoga, having 
that wonderful magnetic influence which is one of the great 
marvels of nature. Its healing powers and properties have been 
thoroughly tested, and found to be highly valuable. The waters 
are bottled, and used for bathing purposes. Quite a large num- 
ber of convenient baths have been built at the spring, and spe- 
cial apartments lor ladies have been provided. The baths arc 
found to be highly efficacious in the cure of rheumatism, neural- 
gia, cutaneous and nervous affections, and have a perceptible 
tonic influence upon the sj'stem. Its valuable qualities are rec- 
ognized by physicians and residents of Saratoga, and have 
added another and peculiar feature to this wonderfully rich min- 
eral spring region. All should visit this spring, and while there 
you may have your knife magnetized by a bath in the spring, if 
you choose. The baths are open from 7 A. m. to 6 p. m., daily, 
and attendants are at call. 

The Seltzer Spring 
Is close to High Rock Spring, and in the neighborhood of the Star 
and Empire. Although in such close proximity thereto, its water 
is entirely different. This is the only Seltzer spring in this coun- 
try. The character of the water is almost identical with that of 
the celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, which is justly es- 
teemed so delicious by the natives of the " Fatherland." 

The Crystal Spring 
Is located near the Columbian Hotel, in South Broadway. 

The Putnam Spring 
Is almost wholly used for bathing, and every facility is provided 
at the spring. To reach it from Congress Hall, walk along Broad- 
way to the north, and take the second turn to the right. 

The Kissingen Spouting Spring 
Is a pipe-well, 192 feet deep, on the cast side of Geyser Lake. 

The United States Spring 
Is in the grounds of the Pavilion Spring, and owned by the 
same company. Its waters are alterative in medicinal effect. 

71 



SARATOGA ILI tJSTRATED. 

Saratoga White Sulphur Spring. 

This valuable spring is situated about one and one-half miles 
east of the village, and about one quarter of a mile east of the 
Excelsior Spring. It should not be confounded with a spring of 
the same name, but which is some ten miles from Saratoga, on 
the east side of Saratoga Lake. The water of this spring is 
used for bathing and drinking, but is not bottled. The cura- 
tive properties of it are fully established, and the proprietors 
have erected a large and very commodioias bathing-hoiise, con- 
taining fifty baths, and supplied with every convenience for giv- 
ing warm or cold sulphur baths at all hours of the day. This 
spring supplies a very important element to the attractions of 
Saratoga. The other springs supply valuable mineral waters to 
be taken internally, while the White Sulphur waters supply that 
very important element of medicinal effects produced by bath- 
ing. Persons afflicted with rheumatism or cutaneous diseases 
receive positive benefit, and sometimes complete cure, by using 
these baths. Lady and gentlemen attendants are always at hand 
during bathing hours, and every convenience for luxurious and 
wholesome bathing is afforded. The baths are open from 7 a. m. 
to 9 p. M. on week-days, and on Sundays from 7 a. m. to G p. m. 

The Saratoga Lake Eailway conveys passengers from Lake 
Avenue direct to the stations at the Spring and Bath House. 

Stages run to and from the spring, through Broadway, to 
Circular Street, through Circular Street to Lake Avenue and the 
spring. Fare to the spring and return at pleasure, 25 cents. 

Invalids and others wishing stages to call at their residences, 
should leave their orders at the office in the village, with the 
man in charge, in ample time for the calls, as the stages all run 
on schedule time, and the drivers are not allowed, under any 
circumstances, to leave their route. Ask for a time-table. 

Eureka Spring 

is a mineral spring a few yards south of White Sulphur Spring. 
Its water is highly charged with carbonic gas, making it one of 
the most pleasant to the taste of all the Saratoga waters. It 
is a superior tonic, diuretic and mild cathartic. 

71a 



CHAPTER III. 

THE HOTELS. 

TnK hotels at Saratoga Springs are among the largest, 1 1« M\m 
aoBtly, elegant, and comfortable in the world. For nearly a »>en 
tury people have journeyed to these springs, to drink their QoiJinj 
waters; and, as one day's visit is hardly worth the while, thej 
have sought a home here during the summer season. It in thii 
that has caused the village to open its doors so freely, and to built^ 
up, from a small beginning, a system of hotels and boatding 
houses unlike anything else to be found. Added to this came, is 
time, the demands of the merely pleasure-seeking, fashionable 
world. People caine to the springs for the sake of the gay com 
pany gathered here, and from year to year the hotels ha /e grown, 
expanding their wings and adding room beyond rooir., till they 
liover acres of ground, and the halls and piazzas stretcn out into 
miles. They have a bewildering fashion here of repeating the 
wondrous tale of these things. They talk about the miles of car- 
peting ; the thousands upon thousands of doors and windows; 
the hundreds of miles of telegraph wires; vast acres of marble 
floors ; and tons of eatables stored in the pantries, till one is lost 
•in admirable confusion. It is all true, and that is the wonder of 
it. The management that governs it all is more remarkable thao 
the gilding and mirrors. It is a sort of high science, unequaled 
in the world, combining the " ease of mine inn," and a perfection 
of detail and freedom from friction that is as pleasant as it ia 
wonderful. 

Saratoga's face is her fortune, and it is said that the entire 
(own devotes its days and nights to the comfort of the tourist. 
The tourist should be indeed happy. If he is not, it is safe to say 
It is his OWE fault. In speaking of these hotels, the four great 
hoiues are mentioned first. The smaller ones are noticed in the 
order of their size. The numerooa boarding hon«e« will be ooa 
«der*d in the next chapter. ;^r, 

(4 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Congress Hall 
Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same D<,Aie 
which was burned in 180(5, and occupies the larger part o< the 
square bounded by Uroadway, East Conjiress, Spring and Put- 
nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the gaj and 
fashionable hotel worhl of Saratoga, and is admirably arrpaged 
for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great wat^'ring- 
place " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal str. et of 
the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feel wide 
and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most bi lUiant 
portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two iu'mense 
wings, 300 feet long, extend to Putnam Street, the m rthern 
wing, running along Spriag Street and overlooking the ceh brated 
Hathorn and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central 
wing which runs jjarallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful 
garden-plot. The southern front commands a full view of the 
famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautiful Con- 
gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress Spring 
Company. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel, 
overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford- 
ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing 
music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. 

Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick 
with brown-stone trimmings, and i)resent8 one of the most grace- 
ful architectural api^earances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 
inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength 
and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, 
with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from 
the i)romenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre- 
vent the spread of fire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to 
all the floors of the hoiise. The rooms are all large, high and 
well ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, 
etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offices are ot grand 
proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks 
comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of 
the dining-room and kitchen has been much improveu, and a 
Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor foi- use 
whenever changes in the temiieratnre require it. Hot and cold 

16 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

water have been carried to every floor, and a large number of 
baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. 

There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture, 
and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarjx^ted, and 200 
rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refinished. The 
public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets, 
and the reception rooms, ofl&ce and dining-room renewed. The 
kitchen department has been thoioughly reorganized at a large 
expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. Tha 
ofl&ce has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry has 
been greatly improved and its facilities increased. 

The rooms of Congress Hall are larger, and therefore aflford 
pleasanter and more healthy apartments than any other hotel in 
Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most 
comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and 
hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, 
closets, etc., afEcrdall desirable conveniences. The ball-room of 
the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being 
most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers 
and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is 
connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful 
iron bridge suspended over the street, covered and protected, 
which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. 

Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which 
annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities. 

In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of 
the Cincinnati and Southern K. E. Co., and Mr. John Cox, of 
New York, gentlemen of large means, purchased Congress Hall 
and have since added many improvements. They have placed it 
under its present efiicient and pojjular management, which now 
includes Mr. H. S. Clement, who has attained distinction as a 
manager of first-class hotels and who was proprietor of Congress 
Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a rival in Saratoga. 

The great success of Congress Hall is complete proof of the 
efficiency and pojDularity of the management. Owing to the very 
low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietors feel able to keep 
up the standard of style of its former glorious years and yet 
keep the prices at the lowest possible and present popular rates. 
Open from June 19th to October 1st. 

17 



SAEATOGA ILLUSTEATED. 



United States Hotel. 



This magnificent striicture was completed in June, 1874, and 
is situated on the block bounded by Broadway and Division 
Street, on the site of the old United States Hotel, around which 
so many pleasant memories cluster, but which was burned a few 
years ago. It constitutes one continuous line of buildings, sis 
stories high, over 1,500 feet in length, containing 917 rooms for 
guests, and is the largest hotel in the world. The architectural 
appearance is exceedingly elegant and beautiful. It is Norman 
in style, and its Mansard roof is embellished with pediments, ga- 
bies, dormer windows and crestings, and three large pavilions. 

The building covers and encloses seven acres of ground in the 
form of an irregular pentagon, having a frontage of 232 feet on 
Broadway, 656 feet on Division Street, with "Cottage Wing" on 
the south side of the plaza, extending west from the main front 
for 566 feet. This wing is one of the most desirable features of 
this admirably-arranged house, as it affords families, and other 
parties, the same quiet and seclusion which a private cottage 
would afford, together with the attention and conveniences of a 
flr.st-class hotel. The rooms of this wing are arranged in suites of 
one to seven bedrooms, with j^arlor, bath-room, and water-closet 
in each suite. Private table is afforded if desired, and the seclu- 
sion and freedom of a private villa may be enjoyed here, to be 
varied, at will, by the gayer life of the hotel and watering place. 

The main front and entrance is on Broadway, in which is the 
elegant drawing-room, superbly furnished with Axminster car- 
pets, carved walnut and marble furniture, frescoed ceilings, 
elegant lace curtains, and costly chandeliers and mirrors. The 
room is rich and tasteful in its entire arrangements. Across the 
hall is the ladies' parlor, furnished with exquisite taste; and be- 
yond, at the corner of the Broadway and Division Street fronts, 
are the gentlemen's reading-rooms and the business offices of the 
hotel. To the west of the office in the Division Street wing, is 
the dining-hall, 52 by 212 feet with 20i feet ceiling ; beyond 
which are the private drawing-rooms, the children's ordinary 
carving- rooms, etc. The grand ball-room, 112 by 53 feet, with 
ceilings 26 feet high, is on the second floor of the Division Street 
wing, and is decorated with artistic and ai^propriate adornments. 

18 



SARATOGA ILLTJSTRATEB. 

The arrangement of the sleeping apartments of this hotel is excel- 
lent, and its rooms are furnished with gas, water, and marble 
basins throughout. It is the only hotol in Saratoga that is thor- 
oughly plumbed and has running water in all its rooms. All the 
rooms are connected with the office by an electric annunciator. 
The entire building is divided into five sections by thick, fire- 
proof walls, and the openings through them are pi-otected by 
heavy iron doors, thus affording great protection in case of fire. 
There are also fire-hydrants in each section, with hose attached, 
on each floor. There are ten staircases which afford ample 
means of escape from fire. Two elevators are used solely for 
conveying guests to the various floors, and every convenience has 
been adopted in equipping this elegant hotel for its immense 
summer business. Ujjon the Broadway front is a fine piazza, 232 
feet long, three stories high, overlooking the center of the village; 
and one on Division Street, 200 feet in length. Extensive piazzas, 
2,300 feet in length, for promenades, encircle the large interior 
court, which is ornamented with beautiful shade-trees, sparkling 
fountains, graceful lawn-statuary, and meandering walks; and, 
during the evening, when illuminated with electric and colored 
lights and lanterns, and enlivened with exquisite music, the 
scene is brilliant and fascinating in the extreme. 

In fact, everything that is needed to make the hotel attractive 
and convenient is found here, and the United States Hotel stands 
unexcelled in its furnishing and arrangements by any of the hotels 
of the great watering-place. As one looks upon this palatial 
structure, and carefully inspects the detailed arrangements for 
the perfect convenience and comfort of its guests, he can but be 
amazed at the enterprise and courage of its owners, who have 
opened to the world this stupendoiis establishment. This im- 
mense and elegant hotel is managed by gentlemen of great ex- 
perience. The Hon. James M. Marvin, who is well known to all 
old frequenters of Saratoga, has the general control of the whole 
interest, while Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage, and Janvrin, are 
the lessees and proprietors. Under their able and successful 
management, the house has steadily gained in favor and become 
known as the most elegant and aristocratic summer resort in the 
world. Guests can rely on having everything provided that will 
conduce to their comfort and happiness. 

19 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED, 

Grand Union Hotel. 

This palatial hotel occupies almost the entire square bonnded 
by Broadway, Congress, Federal and Washington Streets, in the 
very center of the town. It is a magnificent stnicture of brick 
and iron of modem style, with a street frontage of 2,400 feet. 
It is one of the largest and most elegantly furnished water- 
ing-place hotels in the world. Along its entire Broadway front of 
800 feet runs a graceful iron piazza, three stories high, affording 
a splendid promenade which overlooks the liveliest portion of 
Broadway, and the beautiful Congress Park and Spring. The 
main entrance and ofl&ce is at the center of the Broadway front, 
in the rotunda, which is eighty feet in diameter, and extends to 
the top of the house, with balconies on each of the five stories 
overlooking the entrance and grand saloon about the office. To 
the left of the office are reception-rooms and the grand saloon 
parlor, which is beautifully decorated and furnished. 

Beyond the drawir^-room are other small private parlors, and 
to the right in the Congress Street wing, is the spacious and ele- 
gant dining-hall, CO feet wide, 275 feet long, beautifully frescoed 
and furnished with splendid mirrors. 

The rooms of the hotel are elegantly furnished, and many are 
arranged in suites for family use. Three elevators are now in 
operation, and guests are conveyed to and from the five floors 
with the utmost ease and despatch. The hotel fronts on three 
streets, thus affording a large number of outside rooms, while 
the rear rooms open upon the handsome interior court-square, 
beautifully adorned with trees, shrubs and flowers, presenting a 
delightful view of genuine artistic landscape gardening. 

The new ball-room, 60x85 feet, buUt in 1876, is beautifully 
frescoed, and adorned with balconies. Yvon's Grand Centen- 
nial picture, "The Genius of America," painted expressly for 
the late Mr. Stewart, occupies one entire end of the room. Con- 
certs are given every morning on the piazzas of the hotel, and 
hops every evening in the ball-room. Entertainments for the 
children are held every week. 

Billiard-tables and new bowling alleys are provided for the ex- 
clusive use of guests, and all facilities that can conduce to com- 
fort and entertainment are provided. 

2Q 



SAEATOGA ILLUSTKATED. 

The Clarendon Hotel. 

This excellent house stands on Broadway, a short distance 
south of Congress Street, on one of the pleasantest sites in the 
village. Eecent improvements have made this part of Broadway 
one of the most attractive portions of the great watering place. 
The Clarendon is one of the first-class hotels of Saratoga, and 
has always had the reputation of having a very fine class of 
guests. It has a quiet air of refinement about all its arrange- 
ments, and one feels quite at home in this cheerful and elegant 
hotel. It can accommodate about 500 guests, and its arrange- 
ment is every way calculated to give satisfaction to those who 
patronize it as a summer resort. Over fifty thousand dollars 
have recently been expended in re-modeling, modernizing and 
equipping this hotel in the most improved manner. Among the 
improvements is a new Otis Passenger Elevator. The piazzas 
have been rebuilt and enlarged, and the ample and beautifully 
shaded grounds afford delightful lounging places during the 
warm summer days. The cuisine of this hotel has always been 
noted for its excellence. 

A good band discourses delightful music daily, morning and 
evening, from the piazza overlooking the interior court, which 
is illuminated in the evening, and presents a very picturesque 
appearance. All the surroundings of the house are pleasant. 

The Clarendon is the only hotel in Saratoga which has a min- 
eral spring within its own grounds. It partly incloses within 
its wings a depression or valley, ornamented with shade trees, 
among which stands the tasteful pagoda covering the popular 
Washington Spring. This spring water Is among the most val- 
uable of the Saratoga waters. It is a ionic water whif-h is highly 
prized by Saratoga residents, and i^opular with the visitors. 
Congress Spring Park is immediately opposite the Clarenclon, 
and such of its guests as prefer Congress or Columbian waters 
to what springs within their own dooryard can easily reach them. 

The Clarendon is a favorite with persons who seek surround- 
ings that promote genuine comfort and afford the luxuries 
of an elegant summer home. Mr. Steinfeld, the proprietor, 
personally superintends the hotel with his experienced and auO' 
cessful management. 

21 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Adelphi Hotel. 

This is a model modern hotel in every particular. It is cen- 
trally located on Broadway, between the United States and Grand 
Union hotels, within three minutes' walk of the Congress, 
Hathom, Columbian, Hamilton, and Washington Springs; has 
ample piazzas fronting on Broadway, and elevated far enough 
above the street to command a fine view of Saratoga's most bril- 
liant thoroughfare, and at the same time shield guests from 
street annoyances. There is a broad sidewalk between the house 
and the carriage road of Broadway, and guests of the hotel are 
not annoyed by the noise and dust of the street. 

The rooms are large, liberally furnished, and have abundance 
of sunlight, and some are aiTanged in suites, for family use, 
with every modern convenience; marble basins, hot and cold 
running water, bath-rooms, clothes-presses, closets, etc. The 
beds are of the best and most improved style of springs, and are 
very comfortable. 

The Adelphi ranks among the best of the Saratoga hotels, and 
since its opening has maintained a first-class reputation. It is 
not as large as some of the mammoth hotels, but its modern con- 
struction, convenient arrangements, excellent cuisine and cen- 
tral location, have made it a favorite home, both to the visitor 
for pleasure and the man of biisiness. The house has a home- 
like air aboiit it which makes it very attractive to all its jjatrons. 
Its popularity has compelled the proprietor to enlarge its 
capacity, and recently quite extensive additions, including a 
new story, have been added. This house can now furnish com- 
fortable and pleasant accommodations for about 200 guests. 
The patrons of this house are of the best class of people, and 
many distinguished visitors have been liberally entertained 
at this popular hotel. 

The Adelphi is under the management of Mrs. W, H. 
McCaffrey, who maintains the high reputation that the house 
has previously established. It will be kept open from May until 
November 1st. The prices for board are reasonable. 

22 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Columbian, 
The Columbian is situated on South Broadway, opposite Con- 
gress Park, near the center of all the attractions. A mo-e beau- 
tiful and central location is not to be found in Saratoga. Congress, 
Columbian, Crystal and Washington Springs are in full view 




from the piazzas, and the popular drives to Geyser Spring and 
Ballston are past this hotel. The house is built of brick, and 
has a frontage of 132 feet on Broadway, with a wide two-story 
piazza 125 feet long. The back piazza, 115 feet long, overlooks its 
own beautiful grounds, and as one of these piazzas is alwaj's 
shaded, a pleasant retreat is furnished every hour of the day. 
All the rooms of the Columbian have pleasant outlooks, and are 
well furnished. 

The Columbian has been purchased by Mr. James M. Case, 
whose proprietorship during the past two seasons has made it 
one of the most popular of Saratoga's hotels. Cuisine under 
Prof. Felix Loumeau, late of Windsor Hotel, New York. No 
expense spared in any department to suit the most fastidious 
tastes. Terms, $3 per day, and from $15 to $21 per week. 

24 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Worden. 

Is situated on tlie corner of Broadway and Division Street, 
directly opposite the United States Hotel. It is one of the best 
constructed Hotels in Saratoga, and will accommodate about 300 
guests. The building is of brick, and has recently been refitted 
and refurnished throughout. It is five stories high, surmounted 




with a Mansard roof, and presents a very neat and attractive 
exterior on the fashionable avenue of the town. Extending along 
the Broadway frontis a fine broad piazza, two stories high, which 
commands an extended view of Broadway, and the business 
center of the village. This hotel is less than two minutes walk 
from the Railroad Depot, and is open all the year round at uni- 
form rates. W. "W. "Worden, Proprietor, Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 

23 



SARATOGA ILLTTSTEATED. 



The Windsor Hotel. 



This house was built in the spring of 1876, and opened for tho 
first time to the public in June of that year. It proved an unfor- 
tunate investment for its original owners, and has since jJassed 
into the hands of Hon. Henry Hilton, who has enlargeJ and im- 
l^roved it, and opened it as a first-class hotel, under the manage- 
ment of Mr. Jno. M. Otter. Tt stands on the corner of Broadway 
and William Street, and commands a fine view of Broadway, the 
l^rincipal street of the village. From the roof of the house the 
view commands a wide range of the country, embracing in its 
scope several villages in Saratoga County. The Hudson Valley, 
the Green Mountains in the distant east, the Greenfield Hills and 
Adirondack Mountains on the north and west, with the village 
of Saratoga Springs and Congress Park in immediate prospect 

Huestis House. 

This popular summer house, open from the first of June to i 
November 1st, is situated on South Broadway, within one block 
of the Congress and Hathorn Springs. It has been under the 
same management for the past twenty three j'ears, and has ac- 
commodations for 150 guests. Being an old-established house, its 
patrons are among the leading citizens of all parts of the country, 
thus making the social life delightful toroucrhout the season. 

The house is furnished in modern style, rooms single or en 
suite, well ventilated and supplied with the best electric annunci- 
ators, bath-rooms, and o*^^her modern impro-^ements. The par- 
lors are large and handsomely furnished. 

Steam heat has been introduced and extended throughout the 
house, so that the cool and rainy days never bring the chilly air 
to any part of the establishment. Many of the rooms are ako 
supplied with open wood fire-places. The dining-room is very 
commodious and cheerful, and will seat over one hundred giiests. 
The children's ordinary supjilies a separate dining-room for chil- 
dren and nurses. The cuisine is excellent, and the mode of ser- 
vice unexcelled. Address Wm. B. Huestis, manager, Saratoga 
Springs, N. Y. 

25 




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CHAPTER IV. 
INSTITUTIONS AND B0ARDINO-H0U8ES. 

Trb institations and boarding-honsea of Saratoga afford excal 
lent accommodations, at moderate prices, and are decidedly home- 
tike and healthful. Many of them have beautiful lawns for cro- 
|net and out-door sports, and are very attractive in their external 
surroundings, while the prices for board are very moderate. 

The institutions for the special treatment of diseases in Sara- 
toga are few, but one or two are recognized by the medical 
fraternity as quite superior, and are certainly well supplied with 
oiedical appliances, and under competent management. We call 
Attention especially to 

Drs. Strong's Remedial Institute. 

This excellent institution is pleasantly located on Circular 
street, the most beautiful avenue in Saratoga, within five minutes 
easy walk of the great hotels. Congress Spring Park, Hathorn 
and the principal springs, and other sources of attraction. It is 
just retired enough for rest, and just near enough to all the whirl. 

The institution has the table, appointments and elegance of a 
first-class hotel. Its bath department compares favorably with 
ihe best metropolitan establishments, and offers the only oppor- 
tunity in Saratoga for obtaining Turkish, Russian, Roman and 
Electro-theimal baths. Abundant facilities are afforded for 
recreation and amusement, comprising organ, pianos, parlor 
entertainments, tine croquet ground, gymnasium, etc. A marked 
and very pleasant feature of the house is its genial cultured 
society an i homelike sociability. It is the summer resort of 
many eminent persons for rest and recreation. 

Among its patrons are Rev. Theo. L. Cuyler, D.D. (B'klyn), 
Rev. Chas. F. Deems, D.D. (N. Y. ), Rev. Jos. R. Kerr, D.D. 
(X. Y.), Rev. C. C. ("Chaplain") McCabe, D.D., Rev. D. K. 
Pierce, D.D. (Zions Herald) ; Bishops Simpson, Foster, Peck, 
Robertson; Prest. Roswell D. Hit hcock, D.D. (Union Theol. 
8em.\ Prest. H. A. Buttz, DO. (Drew Theol. Sem.). Prest. 
jyrus Hamiin. D.D. iMiddjeon i- lixGovs. VVeiis, (.va.„ Paga 



iBAllATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

(Vt. , Boardman, (W. Va.); Judges Reynolds, i, Brooklyn), Drake, 
(Washington), Bliss, (Mo.); Prof Benj. N. Martin, LL. D., (N. Y. 
University ; Med. Profs. Armor, (Brooklyn), Ross, (Chicago), 
Knapp, (N. Y.), Ford, (Ann Arbor); and many others. 

Saratoga Springs should have an institution managed by 
educated physicians, where professional advice with able and 
constant medical supervision can be obtained. Such is Dr. 
Strong's Remedial Institute. A casual observer would not suspeci 
its medical character from anything seen in or about it, as there 
ia no appearance of invalidism, and its prominent features are 
those of a first-class family hotel. 

The proprietors have received a classical education, and are 
graduates of the Medical Department of the University of the City 
of New York. The institution is endorsed and largely patronized 
by the medical profession. Its ample halls, parlor, dining, bath 
and other public rooms are heated by steam, while its extensive 
piazzas and gymnasium afford oi)portunities for exercise. 

In addition to the ordinary remedial agents available in general 
practice are such special appliances as Turkish, Russian, Roman, 
Electro-thermal, and every variety of hydrophatic baths, Galvanic 
and I'aradic Electricity, Vacuum Treatment, Movement Cure, 
Inhalation ; Medicated Oxygen, Compressed and Rarified air, 
Health Lift, Calisthenics, Mineral Waters, etc., so that the in- 
stitution is furnished with every appliance requisite for the 
treatment of Nervous, Lung, Female and other chronic di.seases. 

The dry, uniform and bracing climate, together with the 
cathartic, tonic, diuretic, alkaline and alterative mineral waters, 
form attractions which bring invalids here at all seasons of the 
year. Physicians recognize the importance of the mineral 
waters in many courses of treatment. The danger from their in- 
discriminate use cannot be too strongly emphasized, as much of 
their efficacy and marvelous power over disease is due to their 
proper administration and if ignorant ly used thej' may become as 
potent agents for harm as thoy should be for good. Over twenty 
years' profe.«sional observation and experiencee minently qualify 
the Drs. Strong to give advice in regard to them. The advan- 
tage of a well regulated hygiene institution so completely 
equipped and under the able manngement of regularly educated 
ohysicians are obvious. Circulars sent on applicatiofc. 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 
DRIVES AND RESORTS. 

The drives and resorts around Saratoga Springs are numerous 
and attractive. The principal one is to Saratoga Lake, 3 miles 
east of the village. The brilliant procession of carriages, with 
their lair occupants and superb horses, render the otherwise un- 
interesting road one of the sights of Saratoga. 

Saratoga Lake is six miles long and nearly two miles wide. 
Moon's Lake House, overlooking the lake from the north end, 
and famed for its game and fish dinners, and White Sulphur 
Springs House on the east side of the lake, are the principal 
points to be visited. Small steamers run from Moon's to White 
Sulphur Springs House and other points on the lake. Regattas 
are annually held on the lake and attract multitudes of people. 

The Saratoga Race Course, on the road to the lake, is a mile 
track, kept in excellent order. 

The Saratoga Battle Ground, at Stillwater, the scene of Bur- 
goyne's battle aud surrender, is about 15 miles from the village, 
but a fair carriage-road leads to iis vicinity. 

The Gleu Mitchell is about one and a half miles from Congress 
Hall, at the terminus of North Broadway, and the drive from the 
village to the Glen Mitchell Hotel, returning by the road around 
Excelsior Lake and by the Excelsior Spring, is one of the pleas- 
antest to be found near Saratoga.' 

Another beautiful drive is through Excelsior Park, which em- 
braces that portion of Saratoga Springs known as the " Valley of 
the Ten Spriugs," with the table-land on either side. 

Lake Lonely a small lake among the hills, is a pleasant place 
ft)!- picnic excursions. 

Prospect Hill is 16 miles distant, and from its summit, 2,000 
feet high, a wide view may be obtained. 

Woodlawn Park, the private property of the Hon. Henry Hil- 
ton, coraprL«ing some 500 acres in the north part of the village, 
is ojien to the public. A drive or walk through these charming 
grounds will delight the most fastidious. 

Mount McGregor, 9 miles distant, reached by rail or carriage, is 
one of the most delightful resorts near Saratoga. The view f ora 
the mountain is wide and entrancingly beautiful. For maps and 
paiticulars, see " Taintor's Sai-itoga Illustrated Guide Book." 



MOUNT McGregor 

SARATOGA'S GREAT MOUNTAIN RESORT. 

CONNECTED WITH SARATOGA, BY ONE OF THE BEST EQUIPPBD 

RAILROADS IN THE WORLD. A THOUSAND ACRE MOUNTAIN 

PARK, TEN MILES NORTH OF AND 1,000 FEET ABOVE 

SARATOGA. HAY FEVER AND ASTHMA UNKNOWN 

AT MT. MCGREGOR. 

Mount McGregor owes its summer resort popularity to ]\Ir. Duncan 
McGregor. Some years ago, appreciating the advantages of this 
charming mountain, and foreseeing its popularity as a mountain 
annex for Saratoga's 200,000 annual visitors, Mr McGregor con- 
structed a carriage road up the mountain, and built a hotel on 
the summit and thus became the pioneer of this now famous 
mountain resort. Mt. McGregor has grown constantly in public 
favor. Notwithstanding its apparent inaccessibility, before the 
railroad was built, thousands visited it every year, and every 
visitor has become a traveling advertisement for this charming 
spot. Saratoga's most famous guests have driven over the long 
and tedious road with their elegant turnouts to enjoy the exhilar- 
ating atmosphere of Mount McGregor. Only one thing has been 
lacking to make it one of the most popular resorts in America, 
and that ha.s been cheap, comfortable and quick transportation. 

The final development of this beautiful Adirondack Annex to 
Saratoga, was undertaken and accomplished by a remarkably enter- 
prising young man, Mr. W. J. Arkell, of Canajoharie, N. Y. To 
his artistic appreciation and resistless persistence is largely due 
the organization of the Saratoga, Mt. McGregor and Lake George 
Railway Co. The road was commenced in March, 1882, and com- 
pleted to the summit of Mt. McGregor the following June. 
Mt. McGregor and how to reach it. 

The rise of ground in Broadway, Saratoga, is the beginning 
of the Adirondack Range, gradually ascending toward the north. 
Mount McGregor is the first bold spur of the Adirondacks, rising 
a thousand feet above Saratoga, and only ten miles away. 

The Saratoga station, of the Mt. McGregor railway, is north of 
and adjoining the Waverly House on North Broadway. From 
this point the track runs parallel with the Delaware and Hudson 
Canal Company's Railway, on the high bank above, and passing 
the Star, Empire, Red and "A" Springs on the right. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED 

Near the water works, the road branches oT to the left 
skirting along- Loughberry Lake, leaving Excelsior Spring anif 
Park on the right and passing Glen Mitchell on tne east. From 
this point the road is nearly straight for six miles and almost on 
a level grade. Wilton, seveu miles trom Saratoga, is the only 
station along the route. Wiltoa village lies at the foot of Mount 
McGregor, and it is from this point that the ascent of the 
mountain properly begins. Tne road winds around the mountain, 
some four miles, in the form of a huge letter S, with a uniform 
grade of 213 feet per mLe. The mountain station is on the 
summit and only a few steps from the hotel and restaurant. The 
equipment of the road is most complete. The locomotives and 
coaches have been made with exceptional care, skill and taste. 
The coaches are finished in mahogany, with large adjustable 
windows to afford opportunity to see the mountain views. 

The wild and magnificent scenery along the mountain road can 
not be described, it must be seen to be appreciated. You are 
constantly startled with the sudden changes. Every turn is a 
surprise. All the senses and emotions are called into play in an 
incredibly short time. Nosv your poetic soul is fired with a fifty 
mile landscape spread out before you, but your ecstasy is sudden- 
ly broken, as the train dashes through a rocky cut, and scarcely 
has the cavernous roar died away before you are gazing timidly 
from some giddy trestle into a yawning chasm, and involuntarily 
reviewing the past a' d contemplating '' the sweet bye and bye.' 
On, on we go and "the tireless horse ' easily climbs the iron 
road. We turn sharply around the mountain, and in a moment 
we are seemingly buried in a primeval forest. We soon emerge, 
and as we near the top we see through extended vistas into 
broad valleys below, and over boundless landscapes beyond. 

We have been charmed with the trip and find ouselves pi-e- 
pared to appreciate the summit views of Mount McGregor. 

Faraway to the north and north-west the far famed Adiron- 
dacks lean against the sky, with pinnacles towering, king- 
like, above. Prospect mountain in the north and French 
mountain in the north-east, define the gigantic water-sheds of the 
delicate Lake George. The beautiful Hudson forms a crescen , 
only t«fo miles below us and meanders away to the north-east. 

109 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. I 

Glen's Falls, Sandy Hill and Fort Edward are seen distinctly in 
the north-east, while beyond, the Green Mountains of Vermont 
and the blue outlines of the New Hampshire Hills serve as a 
background for one of the finest landscapes in America. 

" True 'tis a scene of loveliness. 
Below you are fields of waving grain, and pastures and lazy herds; . 
about you are wild flowers and murmuring pines. 

"Your thoughts are wandering up. 
Far up the streams of time ; 
And long slept recollections of old tales, 
Are rushing on your memory as ye breathe. 
That valleys storird name, 
Field of the GnouNDtu Amis " 1 

It is Schuylerville and the Saratoga Battle ground, miles away, 
but visible in the south-east, that have stirred tlie memories oi 
history. Bemis Heights, where was fought the first great de 
cisive battle in the war that made us a nation. Schuylerville, 
the scene of Burgoyne's surrender, now commemorated by a 
national monument. Saratoga Lake and Snake Hill add much 
to the picturesque view before us. The hotel towers of Saratoga 
remind one of the gayeties of the great American Spa and the 
numerous Saratoga attractions that can be reached from Mt. 
McGregor in half an hour. The world renowned Catskills com- 
plete the great panorama before us, and as we enjoy the exhila- 
rating atmosphere of McGregor's lofty mountain, we wonder whj' 
all Saratoga visitors have not been brought here before. 

Some one has said: "see Italy and die;" but those who see 
Mount McGregor say : "See Mount JIcGregor and live, live to 
see and enjoy it from year to year. Renovate your system at the 
Saratoga Springs, but renew your youth at Mount McGregor," it 
is the "Great Eldorado of the North." 

The Mount McGregor Railway Company has absolute control 
of one thousand acres on this mount: in, which will eventually be 
one of the grandest mountain parks in the world. In this park 
are two natural mountain lakes, Lake Anna and Lake Bonita. 
These lakes are stocked with fish and easily reached by carriaga 
roads. There are miles of pl^ asaa*' itrives over easy grades. 



SARATOGA ILLTJSTBATED, 

A popular feature of this resort will be a series of family ecn- 
tages in connection with a large hotel now being built. An ample 
supply of pure water is furnished from a deep artesian well. The 
view from a look-out tower commands a wide range of the upper 
Hudson. There is also a western outlook from Mt. McGregor 
towards Jessup's Landing, Luzerne and the Adirondacks proper, 
affording a fine view of the Hudson. 

Mt. McGregor Restaurant and Cafe. 

A large restaurant has been erected on Overlook Point, built 
after the Manhattan Beach style, with windows extending to the 
floor, easily opened or closed as occasion demands. Family and 
party tables are provided. A wide piazza extends on three sides of 
the Restaurant affording ample opportunity to enjoy the scenery 
and cool breezes. The Restaurant is in the hands of experienced 
management and the public will be served in a first-class manner. 

The Mount McGregor Railway is particularly a pleasure road, 
controlled by the company, and trains will be run to accommo- 
date the public, at all reasonable hours. Visitors to Saratoga 
should not fail to spend a few days at Mt. McGregor. 

Mt. McGregor is highly recommended for persons suffering fronr 
hay-fever and asthma. 

Mt. McGregor Gallery of American Art. 

For the purpose of adding the best representations of American 
Art to the many beauties of Nature on this mountain, the Mt. 
McGregor Art Association has been established here with a perma- 
nent endowment fund. A permanent gallery has been erected and 
already contains more than a hundred of the best oil paintings 
executed by the best American artists. The object of this asso- 
ciation is the promotion of American Art. The productions of 
American artists only will be exhibited here. A nominal admis- 
sion fee is charged for the purpose only of defraying incidental ex- 
penses. Lovers of Art should not fail tc visit this remarkable col- 
lection. 

11*. 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

ADIRONDACK COMPANY'S RAILROAD. 

This railroad, connecting with the Delaware & Hudson Canal 
Co.'s R. R. at Saratoga Springs, runs northerly toward the 
great hunting and fishing grounds of Northern New York. 

It is projected through the heart of the Great Wilderness, to 
Ogdensburg on the St. Lawrence River, and is intended to de 
velop these vast wilds of 150 miles in diameter, and afford con 
venient access for travellers to this picturesque and interesting 
country. The railroad is already completed several miles beyond 
North Creek, which is 57 miles from Saratoga Springs. It con- 
nects at various points with stage lines running to all of the 
hotels in the Sacondaga and Schroon Lake tract. 

KING'S. 

Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. Y., \0 tiiHes from Saratoga Springs. 
A station for the accommodation of the people of North Green- 
field, Greenfield Centre, and Porter's Corners. 

SOUTH CORINTH. 

Corinth, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 13 mllenfrom Saratoga Springs. 
The small village lies a little to the west of the railroad, and 
contains a small tannery, saw-mill, bolt factory, two churches. 

JESSTJP'S LANDING. 

Corinth, Saratoga Co., iV. V., 17 iniloij'nun Saratoga Springs. 

The village of about 000 inhabitants is on the west bank of the 

Hudson, about a mile east of the railroad station. It contains 

the extensive manufactory. Hudson River Pulp Company, for 

making pulp from wood for the manufacture of paper. 

At Jessnp's Landing is a magnificent waterfall in the Hudson, 
which here plunges over perpendicular rocks 70 feet in height. 
The falls, with the rapids extendinj^ half a mile above, afford a 
scene of remarkable grandeur and sublimity. At this point the 
traveller reaches the edge of the wild and mountainous Adi- 
rondack region. 

HADLEY. 
Hadley, Saratoga Co.. N. Y.. 22 m Hen from Saratoga Springs. 
Just before reaching this station, ihe railroad crosses the Sac- 
ondaga River, a branch of the Hudson, on a bridge 451) feet long, 
and 9l) feet above the \>e 1 of the river. Six miles above Hadley, 
the Sacondaga is navigable for small boats. 

b4 



THE ilDIRONDACK KAII-ROAD. 

LUZERNE, 

Jjuseime, "Warren Co., N. Y., is on the ea-.t 'bank of the Hudson, 
\ mile from ILidley Station c?i the Adirondack Railroad. 

This delightful little village is charmingly situated amidst some 
of the finest scenery to be found in Northern New York. The 
mountains on either side rise about GOO feet, and the boisterous 
Hudson plunges through a deep and rocky gorge, forming the 
most beautiful rapids and delightful prospects. 

At Luzerne is the well-known Rockwell's hotel, kept by Messrs. 
George T. Rockwell and Son. It is one of those houses which are 
a delight to all lovers of good living, and "where the happiness of 
the landlord is in exact ratio to the appetite of his guests." 

The house is nicely furnished throughout, and the table is al- 
ways spread with au abundance of trout, game, and other luxuries, 
prepared in the most inviting style. The Messrs Rockwell make 
a specialty of preparing game dinners., and parties from Saratoga 
will find every accomodation for their comfort and enjoyment, 
by sending notice to the projirietors a little in advance of their 
coming. A free carriage convsys the guests to and from the hotel, 
and will be in waiting for all the trains at the Railroad depot. A 
more enjoyable hotel or resort cannot be found in Northern New 
York. Terms according to rooms and time of occupancy. 

Lake of Luzerne, seven hundred feet above the sea level, and 
surrounded by bills, is a picture of beauty in itself. 

Parties who early seek the exhilarating and oxygenated air of 
the mountains, will find at the well-known and popular Wayside 
Hotel all the conveniences and luxuries of a first-class hotel. 
Its facilities for the accommodation of tourists are among the 
best. It is just before the lake, and is built in the style of Swiss 
architecture. It possesses x fleet of 50 row-boats, a unique livery 
of single and double buckboards, and appurtenances for other 
entertainments of the guests. The Plateau of the "wayside " is 
seven hundred feet elevation above tide water. The dry and in- 
vigorating atmosphere is a tonic. The soil, sandy, and an ab- 
sorbent. The water, soft and pure, from granite rocks. No 
miasma or malaria, and the hygienic conditions are believed 
to be perfect. The breezes blow over living timber — over pine- 
epruce, and other gummy ana resinous trees— which statistics 

85 



THE ADIRONDACK RAILROAD. 



show are conducive to long life. The place is recommended by 
the best physicians as good for rheumatism ; good for throat and 
lung difficulties ; good for dyspeptics ; good for general debility ; 
good for all who desire relaxation, rest and quiet. No better re- 
commendation for the house can be given than the very liberal 
patronage it has received in the past, and the exceptional num- 
ber of families distinguished for culture and refinement who an- 
nually make the place their summer home. 




WAYSIDE HOTEL. 

The Wayside Cottages, ten in number, erected likts the hotel, 
and containing from five to twelve rooms each, rent at from $300 
to $1,000 for the season, and have been christened by Col. Butler 
with appropriate names. 

STONY CREEK, 

Sto7it/ Creek, Warren Co., N. Y.. 30 milenfrmi Saratoga Springs. 
Just before reaching the station, the Railroad crosses Stony 
Creek on a bridge of 125 feet span. The village is about two 
miles above the station, and contains a comfortable hotel, an ex- 
tensive taimery, one church, and about 300 inhabitants. 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

THURMAN. 

Thurman^ Warren Co., N. Y., 3(j miles from Saratoga Sjirings. 
This is the stopping-point for passengers wishing to reach 
Warrensburg or Lake George. The station is at the junction of 
Schroon Kiver and the Hudson. Warrensburg is a prosperous 
village of about 1,000 inhabitants, and contains several stores, 
manufactories, saw-mills, a large tannery, four or five churches, 
and the Warrensburg Academy. The Warrensburg Hotel and 
the Adirondack House are very comfortable hotels. St'ges run 
daily from Thurraan to Warrensburg and Lake George ou arrival 
of trains from Saratoga. This affords a delightful trip for parties 
wbo desire to enjoy the variety and wildness of the mountain 
scenery, to or from Lake George and Saratoga. 

"THE GLEN," 

Johnsbnrg, Warren Co., N. F., 44 miles from Saratoga Springs. 

Here the Hudson River is spanned by a large wooden bridge. 

RIVERSIDE. 

Johnsburg, Warren Co., JSF. T., 50 miles from Saratoga Springs. 

Riverside is situated close by the bank of the river, and has 
been brought into importance by being made the station where 
passengers leave the cars for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon 
Lake, Johnsburg, and other points north. A magnificent line of 
stages runs from this station to these several points. The dis- 
tance to Schroon Lake is only about six miles, and hence, this 
route is decidedly the most desirable and pleasant. The steam- 
ers on the lake make close connections with the stages, and tour- 
ists will find the route one of the most delightful and entrancing 
to be found in this country. Schroon Lake is rapidly growing in 
popularity as a resort. 

NORTH CREEK. 

Johnsburg, Warren Co. , N. T., 57 miles from Saratoga Springs. 
This is the present northern terminus of the Adirondack Rail- 
road, and is a base or starting-point for the excur.sionist or 
sportsman visiting the Adirondack country. The entrance from 
this point is the easiest and quickest to Raquette Lake, the 
heart of the Wilderness. Raquette, Blue Mountain, Moose, 
Mohican, Three Cedar, Summer, and Shedd Lakes, and Moose 
River, in the heart of the Wild^i-iic ss .ire reached from here. 



HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. 

DELAWARE & HUDSON CANAL CO.'S U.K.— Co?itmued. 
GANSEVOORT. 

N'ortJmmberlnnd, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 193 miles from New Fork 
Is a small post-village, named after Colonel Peter Gansevoort, 
of the Revolntionary army, who lived here after the war was 
over. The village stands upon the banks of ISiwok Jul, which 
the railroad crosses just north of the station. The range of 
mountains seen at times to the westward is the Palmerstown 
range, a continuation of the Adirondacks. 

FORT EDWARD. 

Fort Edward, Washington Co., N. Y., 199 miles from Neio York. 
HoTEr, — St. James. Population, 5,000. 

This town is of considerable importance and activity. It 
stands on the east bank of the Hudson, near where that river 
changes its course from east to south. An island divides the 
river opposite the town. The railway crosses this island, and 
the two channels afford a good view of the river side of the town. 
The large buildings at this part of the village are those of the 
Fort Edward Institute, a large school for both sexes. Fort Ed- 
ward was an important military point in the Indian, French, and 
Revolutionary wars. A fort called Fort Nicholson was built here 
in 1709, but was soon after abandoned. In 170o, in pursuance 
of the plan of military operations against Canada, a fort was 
erected here, called at first Foit Lyman, but the name was 
afterward changed to Fort Edward, in honor of Edward, Duke 
of York, the brother of George III. of England. Being on the 
great carrying route to Lake Champlain, it became a very impor- 
tant depot for arms and rendezvous for armies in the expeditions 
against Canada. It also served as a hospital for the sick and 
wounded. During the Revolution it was again occupied by both 
British and Americans. It stood on the bank of the river, north 
of the creek, within the present limits of the village. 

The murder of Jane McRea took place a little east of the 
village, July 27, 1777. The tragedy in ensined popular feeling 
against the British and has passed into our national history. 
The remains of Miss McRea are interred in the Union Cemetery. 

Passengert for Fort William Henry Hotel, at the head of 
88 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

Lake Georg-e, and the Lake George route northward, leave the 
main line of railway at Fort Edward, for the branch to Glens 
Falls and Lake George. 

(For descriptioa of the route via Lake George, see page 94. ) 

DUNHAM'S BASIN. 

Kingi^bHry, WKshington Co., N. Y., 2{)2 miles from New York. 
A small village on the Champlain Canal. 

SMITH'S BASIN. 

- Washinijton Go.^ N. Y., 207 miles from New York. 
A small station with few houses. The station bears the nama 
of a large landowner of this vicinity and projirietor of the large 
hotel near the station. 

FORT ANN. 

Fort Ann .^ Washington Co., N. Y.. 211 miles from New York. 
This village bears the name of an old colonial fort which stood 
on the west side of Wood Creek, about half a mile from the rail- 
way station. The Champlain Canal now crosses the spot where ib 
stood. The fort was one of a chain of works erected in 175G, at 
the joint expen.se of England anu the colonies, to facilitate expe- 
ditions against Canada during the French war, and was the scene 
of several encounters between the hostile forces. An engage- 
ment occurred here in 1777 between Burgoyne's advance and a 
detachment of Americans. The latter held their ground until 
their ammunition was exhausted, and then retreated, felling 
trees, burning bridges, and otherwise obstructing the roads. 
Burgoyne was several weeks in overcoming the obstacles so that 
his heavily equipped troops could continue their march. 

As we pass along the railroad toward Whitehall, we may 
notice the high, steep, and rocky mountains on the north and 
west of us, which are called Fort Ann Mountains. 

COMSTOCK'S LANDING. 

Fort Ann, Wishingion Co., N. Y., 2lo miles from New York. 
For some miles the railway follows the course of a rocky ledge 
of limestone, between which a'ld the track is the Champlain 
Canal. At Comstock's Landing the ridge is quite high and pre- 
cipitous. A road, however, ascends through a break in the cliff, 
and part of the village may be seen. The large and handsome 

.89 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

house, which is so beautifully situated on the wooded summit of 
the cliff, is the residence of Mr. I. V. Baker. 

WHITEHALL. 

Whitehall, WasJiington Co. , N. Y. , 223 miles from New Y<yrk. 
Hotel — HaWs. 
The village of ^\^litehall stands at the head of Lake Champlain. 
Aigh hills rise on both sides the village, but the country is level 
and open to the southward. Whitehall is one of the largest lum- 
ber markets on the lake, and owes its prosperity principally tc 
that branch of industry. It has a population of 5,000. The R. 
R. train div.des at this station, a part of the cars carrying the 
passengers to Rutland, and a portion going north to Platts'iiirg 
and Montreal. Tourists by Lake Champlain formerly took the 
steamers at Whitehall, but now the point of departure from the 
cars to the steamers is at Ticonderoga. Passengers for Rutland, 
Middletown Springs, Clarendon Springs, Manchester, Brandon, 
and other points in southern Vermont xemain in the cars of the 
train going to Rutland. For Lake Champlain Route, see page 104. 

FAIRHAVEN. 

Fairhaven, Rutland Co.^ 17., 22!) miles from New York. 
The village stands on an elevated plateau, overlooking the open 
country along the base of the hills along Lake Champlain. viose 
by the station, and in sight from the car windows, are beautiful 
falls in the Castleton River. Slate is quarried and worked in 
large quantities at this place. Here also is the westward limit of 
the great marble beds of Vermont. 

HYDEVILLE. 

CasVeton, Rutland Co., 17., 231 miles from New York. 

The village is largely engaged in marble and slate works. It ia 

pleasantly situated among lofty hills. Immediately north of the 

village is a large lake called Lake Boraoseen. It affords gooc 

fishing, and is a place of res^jrt fur the inhabitants of the vicinity, 

CASTLETON. 
Castleton, Rutland Co., 17., 2o4 miles from New Ym'k. 
Is on a small river of the same name. Killington Peak, among 
Uie Crreen Mountains, may be f ecu at intervals to the eastwarcl 



HUDSON RIVEK KOUTE. 

The peculiar bold eminence in the same direction is known as 
Spruce Knob, and its immediate neighbor is Herrick Mountain. 

WEST RUTLAND. 

Rutland, Rutland Co., Vt., 241 miles from J^eto TorJc. 
Extensive marble works are in operation at this place. The 
quarries, to which a branch railroad track leads, may be seen on 
the hillside to the north. The whole ridge surrounding the allu- 
vial flat on which the village stands is composed of marble of 
greater or less degrees of fineness. 

RUTLAND. 

Rutland, Rutland Co., Vt., 244 jniles froyn New York, from 
Montreal, 150^. Hotels — Bates and Bardwell. 
The name of Rutland is probably best known in connection 
with the marble which is quarried from various places within it? 
limits, and carried thence to a 1 parts of the country. The town 
and villnge are the centres of the marble region, and large quan. 
titles of fine whits marble are annually shipped thence by rail- 
road. Rutland is the county town, and is important as the cen- 
tral market for a large region of country. Its population is about 
12,000. It has two daily and three weekly newspapers, two iron 
foundries, large marble sawing works, and some other factories. 
On the principal street are a number of fine stores of all kinds, 
well stocked with supplies for local trade. The railroad depot is 
a fine brick building in the central part of the town, and is used 
by the three railroads which meet here, namely, the Central 
Vermont R. R. , the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. , and 
the Bennington & Rutland R. R. Pleasant drives and walks 
abound in the vicinity, among which may be mentioned the roads 
leading to Clarendon Springs, Middletown Healing Springs, and 
the various marble quarries. The Green Mountains surround 
the valley in which Rutland stands, and add greatly to the beauty 
of its scenery. The highest three peaks are known by the names 
oi' Shrewsbury. Killington, and Pico. Otter Creek flows through 
the northern part of the village, and furnishes excellent water 
power at various points. 



CLARENDON HOUSE, 

Clarendon Springs, Vt. 

MURRAY BROTHERS, - - - Proprietors. 



Open Ironi .Juno to October. 

Hotel and Three Cottages Accommodating 200 Guests. 
Farm of 170 Ackes connected with the Hotel. 



Board, per week, - . . $8.00, $10.00 and $12.00 

Children, - . . - . $5.00 and $6.00 

ServautK, ....... $5.00 

Day Board, ...... $2,00 

£Eg" Carriap^os at West Rutland to meet all regular Railroad Trains. 
Telegraph conmmnication, Livery and Boarding Stables connected with the 
liouse. Warm and Cold liathr.. 'Cool nights and no mosquitoes. Music, 
Billiards, Bowling, etc. Pleasant drives and lieautiful scenery in every 
direction. Keletences, if desired, in all principal cities. Sanitary arrange- 
ments of the house first-class. Send for Vampldel with description. 



CLARENDON SPRINGS, 

DiSCOVEKED IN THE HiSTOEIC YeAB OP 1776. 

Unequaledfor Curing all Impurities of the Blood, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, 
Dropsy, and for liesloring Appetite and Physical iStrenglh. 

Tliis water has no sediment, is delicious to drink, health-giving, and is 
a fine water lor Itatliing. As a choice table water helping digestion and 
sharpening the appetite, these waters will be found invaluable. 

.A.lT.A.lj-5rsiS: 
One gallon, or 235 inches of water contains: 

Carbonic Acid Gas, ...... 46, 1 G cubic inch 

Nitrogen Ga!=, ....... 9.63 

Carbonate of Lime ...... 3.02 grains. 

Muriate of Lime, Sulphate of Soda and Sulphate of Magnesia, 2.74 

One hundred cubic inches of the gas which was evolved from the water 
consisted of — 
Carbonic Acid Gas, ....... 0.05 cubic inch 

Oxyt;en Acid Gas, ....... 1.50 

Nitrogen Acid Gas, ..... . 98.45 

Dr. AuorsTrs A. H.\yes, State Assayer for Massachusetts, saye : 
" It is a remarkable water, coniaining nitrogen dissolved." 
Bottled and Delivered hy Union Bottling Co., 
Nos. 240, 242 and 244 East 20th Street, New York. 



CLARENDON SPRINGS, VERMONT, 

Clarendon, Rutland Co., Vt. .3 Milex from West Rutland. 
These springs are on the west side of the Tinmouth river^ 
among the beautiful hills of Vermont, three miles from West 
Rutland Station, on tlie Delaware and Hudson Canal Go's Rail- 
road. They are about 170 miles from Boston, 90 from Albany, 60 
from Saratoga Springs, and 25 from Whitehall. The scenery 
about the springs is of peculiar beauty, even for Vermont, while 
the splendid roads afford excellent opportunity for drives and 
views of this delig itful region. Many prominent peaks and 
spurs of tiie Greea Mountains are within a few miles, and may 
be seen from the lower hills that surround the springs. Killington, 
Pico, Little Pico, and Shrewsbury Pe ks of the Green Mountains, 
Spruce Knob and Birl's-Eye Peaks, add grandeur and picturesque- 
ness to this region. Amid this charming scenery, nature 
has sent forth one of her life-giving fountains, rarely excelled 
in rich medicinal properties or healing efficacy. The following, 
taken from the G-eological Survey of Vermont, Vol. II, describes 
the discovery of these valuable waters. ''These springs were 
doubtle.'^s among the first ever visited for their medicinal virtues, 
and are more resorted to than any others in the State. Tradi- 
tion informs us that their medicinal character was first discovered 
in 1770, by Asa Smith, who resided in the town. He is reported 
to have ' dreamed ' of a spring in the western part* of the town, 
and, full of faith, started in search of the water that would 
restore him to health. Arriving at this spot, h' recognized it 
as the one he had seen ii his dream, and accoidingly drank of 
the wa'ers, and bound clay saturated with it upon his swollen 
and inflamed limbs. The scrofulous humor which for years had 
Deen a source of continual annoyance, at once yielded to the 
potent influence of the water, and the man was soon restored 
to perfect health." Many residents of Rutland and vicinity 
testifj' to a number of cures of obstinate diseases by drinking this 
water. The best effects are obtained by taking it fiesh from the 
spring, where all its miner 1 properties, combine with the fresh 
mountain air. to restore health and strength. The large hotel 
and some cottages near the Springs, supplj' all the conveniences 
of our best summer resorts. Warm and cold baths, billiards, 
bowling, a livery and boarding stable, and telegraph communi- 
cation to ail parts of the country ro connected with the hotel. 

1 



IirDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

MIDDLETOWX HEALING SPRINGS. 

Middlet'npii, Rutland Co., Vt., 8 miles frum Poxdtney. 

The Middletown Healing Springs are situated on the north 
bank of the Poultuey River, a tributary of Lake Champlain. The 
springs are about fifteen miles southwest from Rutland ; but 
Poulincy is the nearest railroad station, and the proper point of 
R. R. departure. Stages connecting with trains run between 
Poultney and the springs. The road between Middletown and 
Poultuey, winding around the foot of the mountains and along 
the margin of the river, is a charming drive. The springs are 
less than an hour's drive from Poultney, and their beautiful sur- 
roundings and rare medicinal virtues have made them a favorite 
resort for the invalid and pleasure-seeker. Spruce Knob Moun- 
tain, 4 miles north of the town, and Bird's-Eye, three miles west 
of Spruce Knob, 7 miles from the springs, and Lover's Rock, one- 
fourth of a mile from the springs, are said to "present scenery 
which would excite admiration even in Switzerland." 

These springs were known previous to 1811, and their waters 
used to a limited extent as a remedial agent. In that year, ac- 
cording to old residents of the country, a flood changed the bed 
of the Poultney River at Middletown, and destroyed the springs 
until June. 1868, wlie:i another flood reopened them. 

Many individuals, afflicted in various ways, drank indiscrimi- 
nately from all the sprinjis, and in many cases complete restora- 
tion to health resulted. The waters act as a tonic and stimulant, 
giving tone and strength to the system, stimulating the digestive 
organs, and promoting the full and healthful action of the organs 
of the body. Only four of the seven springs have yet been ana- 
lyzed, but their medicinal properties are quite distinct. Prof. 
Peter Collier, of the Agricultural College of Vermont, analyzed 
Spring Number One, and found its waters to contain Carbonic 
Acid. Sulphuric Acid, Chlorine, Nitric Acid. Lime, Magnesia, Iron, 
Manganese, Alumina, Potash, Soda. These elements are found 
in the following combinations: Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of 
Lime, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Iron, Carbonate of 
Manganese, Alumina, Chloride of Potassium, Chloride of Sodium, 
Carbonate of Soda. Of these, iron and maiiganese are found to 
exist in unusual abundance. 

83, 



HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. 

LAKE riEORGE ROUTE. 

The completion of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. s Railroad, 
fiom Glens Falls to Caldwell at the head ot Lake George, has made 
the tour through this marvelously beautii'ul lake both speedy 
and comfortable. Now no stage-coaches are encountered on any 
p.irt of the route. The traveler going north, and wishing to visit 
Lake George, or to take the route by that lake, leaves the main 
line of the Del 6c Hud. Canal Co.'s R. R. at Fort Edward, and 
takes the cars of the Lake George Branch to Sandy Hill, Glens 
Falls, and Lake George. The depot at Lake George is in the 
grove just east of the yreat Fort William Henry Hotel, at the 
he;id of the lake. In continuing the journey from Caldwell, the 
route is by steamer down Lake George to Baldwin, where the D. 
& H. C. C. Railroad of five miles around the rapids connects with 
the steamers on Lake Champlain at Fort Ticonderoga. Of 
course this route ia only available during the season of summer 
travel ; but it is much frequented by lovers of nature, as the 
scenery of Lake George has an almost world-wide rei^utation for 
beauty and attractivenes-s. 

If, however, one wishes only to visit Lake George, and not go 
farther north, it will perhaps be as well for him to go on by rail 
to Fort Ticonderoga, take the branch R. R. to Baldwin on Lake 
George, and thence pass up Lake George to Fort William Ilenrj'. 
By this means he secures the best introduction to the scenery of 
the lake of " The Silvery Waters," amid the glory and deepening 
shadows of a sunset 0!i the lake. Two trips are made daily bv 
the steamers during the summer season. 

Palace cars are run through without change from Kew York 
and Saratoga to Lake George, in summer, via the New York Cen- 
tral and the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R'a. 

SANDY HILL. 

Kingsbury, Wnshlnfjton, Countij^ JY. T. 

This village contiins about 3,0110 inhabitants. A dam 1,200 

feet long across the Hudson afifords great water-power, which ia 

extensively used by various sorts of manufactories and mills. 

The town was the scene of numerous adventures during the 

.tli. 



r 



? s 



LAKE GEOUGE KOUTE. 

French and Revolutionary wars. At one time 17 soldiers cap 
tured by the Indians were at this place s ated on a log, and al'. 
but one deliberately tomahawked. In August, 1758, Major Rog- 
ers and Major (afterward Gen.) Putnam encountered and repelled 
a party of French and Indians within the *own. Putnam was 
made a prisoner in the engagement. Traces of a road cut by 
Burgoyne's army are said to be still visible in the township. 

GLENS FALLS. 
Queensbury, Warren County, iV". T. 
Hotel — Eockwell House. 
Glens Falls is an important incorporated village of about 9,000 
inhabitants. Aside from its business importance, it is a place of 
much interest to the tourist and traveler. The village is divided 
by the Hudson River, which at this point makes a descent of about 
lil'ty feet, producing a scene of surpassing grandeur. The river is 
spanned by a bridge just below the falls, and from it a delightful 
view may be obtained. These falls in the river afford valuable 
water-power, which is largely improved by extensive saw mills, 
that may be seen in operation on either side of the river. The 
lumber trade of the place is immense, and millions upon millions 
of feet of lumber are annually sawed at these extensive mills. 
Above the falls is a dam across the river, built by the State, and a 
navigable feeder from above the dam supplies water to the sum- 
mit level of the Chamjilain Canal. In the Hudson River at this 
^loint are several large booms, where logs floated from the north 
woods are sorted and distributed. It is no uncommon thing to 
aove a million or more of logs at one time at this place. Below 
h ' falls is a small island, through which a cave extends from one 
•hannel to the other. This island has been made famous by 
fwper in his " Last of the Mohicans." The tourist will find 
iW.d Falls well worlh visiting, and the picturesque scenery, the 
\xc llent hunting and fishing grounds in the adjacent mountains, 
the walks and bea".tiful drives render the place very attractive 
us a summer resort. Besides the above attractions there is here 
an excellent hotel, the Rockwell House, which was erected anJ 
opened in the spring of 1873. 

95 



LAKE GKOKGE EOUTE. 



1 



LAKE GEORGE. 
210 miles from New York. 
Lake George is the largest and most easterly of the Adirondack 

1 kes, and is ?>2 miles from Saratoga, 71 miles from Albany, and 
iilO miles, or about six hours' ride, from New York City. It is 346 
feet above th ■ sea level, and 247 feet above Lake Cbamplain, into 
which it empties, is about 3.") miles long, north and south, and from 

2 to 4 miles in widih, and is fed entirely from mountain brooks and 
springs. It is of great depth and remarkable transparency, and 
the surface is dotted by more than oijO beautiful islands. For 
boldness and beauty of outline the shores are unrivaled, sur- 
roundtd by high mountains, which in many instances rifie abruptly 
from the water's edge and attain an altitude of more than 2,000 
feet, clothed with beautiful foliage, relieved here and there by 
elegant villas and i)icturesque camps. The renown of its wild and 
picturesque beauty has spread throughout the world, and thou- 
sands yearly come to view its charms, and go away to praise them. 
Poets, historians, writers of travel, and lovers of the beautiful 
have sung its jiraises for a century, hut all have failed to ade- 
quately depict the marvelous beauty of this unrivaled picture 
of nature. The lake is almost surrounded by steep and rugged 
mountains an'l its pellucid wat rs are studded with numerous 
islands. The passage up or down the lake presents an ever-vary- 
ing panorama of beautiful and distinct views. Sometimes the' 
mountains rise abruptly from the banks; at others quiet valleys 
hollowed among the hills reveal the grand proportions of mor» 
distant heignts and vistas of Arcadian beauty. 

The numerous islands— said to equal innumber the daysintl 
year — add beauty to magnificence in the scenery of the lake 
Some are of considerable size, inhabited (in summer at least) an 
partially cultivated. Some are rugged cliffs crowned with shrubi 
or meagre vegetation ; others, low bare rocks, or mere points just 
rising above the water, only useful because, in their place and 
multitude, they are beautiful. 

" Horicon " (the Silvery Waters) is an Indian name often ap- 
plied to this unrivaled gem of American lakes. The India; 



nj^ 



LAKE GEORGE ROUTE 

themselves called it Can-i-a-deri-oit — tlie tail of the lake. The 
French discovered it in 16(9, and named it Saint Sacrement. 

The loyul Britons afterward re-christened it Lake George, m 
honor of George I., their sovereign, and the English name still 
prevails, though, to most Americans, Horicon, the euphonious 
and significaat Indian title, is more satisfactory, and the wish is 
often expressed that it might prevail. The whole region of tho 
lake is full of historic interest ; and islands, waters, glens, and 
mountains have witnessed many a scene of martial glory, strife^ 
anil slaughter. 

In 1155 Sir Wm. Johnson, with an army of 5,000 men, opera- 
ting agamst the French, encamped at the head of Lake George, 
near where the hotel now stands. The French, under Baroa 
Dieskau, v^'ho Lad occupied Ticonderoga, passed up South Bay — 
the southern limit of Lake Champlain — and across the rocky 
peninsula to the rear of the English, and, having ambuscaded 
and overcome Col. Williams and King Hendrick, who with 1,000 
troops and 200 Indians had been sent out to meet them, fell upon 
the English camp ; but after a sanguinary fight the French were 
tota.lj defeated. Johnson and Dieskau were both wounded in 
the fight. The English loss was 263 killed, wounded, and miss- 
ing, while the French loss was vaiiously estimated at from 300 to 
800. After this the English built Fort William Henry on the site 
of their camp. It was named in honor of the Duke of Cumber- 
land, brother of George III. 

In 1757, 9,000 Fx-ench under Montcalm invested the fort, 
which, after a siege of nine days, surrendered. Col. Munro, the 
commander, having stipulated that the garrison should march 
out with the honors of war, and one of the four cannons of the 
fort, and their baggage and baggage wagons, and an escort of 
5i)0 men to Fort Edward. But the terms of surrender were dis- 
regarded, and the disarmed and defenceless troops were sur- 
rounded and attacked by the Indians of Montcalm's army, and a 
most horrible slaughter ensued. A few survivors fleeing for 
their lives escaped to Fort Edward. " The revolting scenes of 
this day have stained the memory of Montcalm with the blackest 
infamy." The French did not attempt to hold the fort. 

Tn 1758 Gen. Abercrombie, with 7,000 regulars and 10,000 pro- 
97 

/ 



* LAKE GEOIiGE ROUTE. 

rtnoials, embarked on 900 bateaux and 135 boats, and passed 
down the lake, with all the glittering pageantry of war, to assail 
Fort Ticonderoga. They failed of their purpose, and four days 
after returned, shattered and broken, with a loss of 2,000 killed 
and wounded, to Fort William Henry. 

In 1759 Gen. Amherst, with 12,000 men. advanced to Lake 
Georgo, and, v;hile waiting to complete his arrangements, com 
mcnced to build Fort George, about one-half mile ea tfrom Fori 
Williatn Henry. When Gen. Amherst advanced against Fort Ti 
conderoga, the French with irew to Crown Point, and afterward 
to Isle aux Noix. Quebec fell soon after, and the conquest o; 
Canada being completed the following year — 1760 — the vast mill 
tary works of Fort William Henry, Forts George, Ticonderoga, 
and Crown Point were of no further use. 

FORT WILLI.4M HENRY HOTEL, 

near the ruins of Fort William Henry, has long been known and 
patronized by lovers of Lake George. The large, handsome 
fitructure stands at the head of Lake George, facing the north, 
and commands from its broad, magnificent piazza, the finest in 
America, the most beautiful and extensive view of the lake and 
its surroundings of any hotel on the lake. It is the largest and 
most modern in construction of all the hotels on the lake, and 
will accommodate 1 ,000 guests. Under its original proprietors 
it gained an enviable reput;ition among the hotels of this region, 
but it is now in the possession of Mr. T. E. Roessle, who has 
effected great changos and imiirovements in the hotel and its 
surroundings. Piazzas have recently been biiilt on the rear of 
the hotel, and incandescent lights have been introduced. The 
house commands the most entrancing views of the lake, 
■while from the top of the roof still more extensive i^ros- 
pects can be obtained. Great improvements have been made 
in the interior arrangements and furniture. A fast-running 
passenger elevator has been put in, and water from the 
mountain-side is supplied throughout the house. In the main 
office and rotunda is the only General Ticket office at Lake 
George, where tickets are sold and baggage checked to all points. 
A Telegraph office and an attractive and well-stocked news Bazaar 






M 









'WASHIN-GrXON, D. C. 

T. E. ROESSLE, - - - Proprietor. 



"• uiiimiMimoi 



ffit: 





DELAVAN HOUSE, Albany, N. Y., 

T. B. BOESSL.E & SON. P j ourietors. 



LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. 

are in the rotunda. Elegant Billiard Rooms are in the hotel, 
and Shooting Galleries, Croquet Grounds, and Bowling Alleys 
are in the hotel grove. The steamboats land directly at the Fort 
William Henry Hotel Dock, which is the headquarters of all the 
passenger, pleasure, and excursion boats on the lake. A fine 
livery is connected with the hotel. The walks and drives are of 
the best, good roads being the rule, not the exception. Here are 
seen elegant turnouts from New York, Boston, and the large 
cities, and the facilities for transportation and care of same are 
first-class. Not content to confine their improvements to the 
hotel, the proprietors have built a number of neat and convenient 
cottages in the immediate vicinity, which are intended to accom- 
modate those who wish for more private as well as more roomy 
apartments than can be obtained in the hotel. The ornamental 
groiands, which have always added so much to the attractions of 
this resort, have been improved and rearranged, so that this 
most desirable feature of the establishment adds to its beauty. 

Caldwell is the railroad terminus, and the largest town on 
Lake George. It is the county seat of Warren County, but de- 
rives its principal importance from its position at the head of 
Lake George, and the delightful scenery which surrounds it. 
Here is located the handsome dock and depot building of the 
Railroad Company, whose trains run down the dock immediately 
to the steamers. The village contains the Warren County Build- 
ings, several stores, three churches and several hotels, and about 
500 inhabitants. Stages run from Caldwell to Warrensburg, 
Chester, Schroon Lake, Long Lake, and other points in the lower 
Adirondack region, and to Thurman, on the Adirondack R. R. 

The Lake George Steamboat Co. run steamboats on the lake, 
making two round trips daily, starting from Caldwell at 9.45 
A.M., and 4.45 P. M., on arrival of R. K. trains, and stopping 
at all way landings on the lake. 

On Saturdays a steamboat leaves Caldwell at 10 P. M., on ar- 
rival of evening train, making all landings as far north as Pearl 
Point. Returning leaves Pearl Point on Sundays at 7.30 P. M., 
making same landings and connecting at Caldwell with train, 
having sleeping-cars, arriving in New York at 6.30 A. M. 

At Baldwin connection is made with the Ticonderoga branch of 
the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. , for Lake Champlain, 
Au Sable Chasm, the Adirondacks, and points in Canada. 

99 



LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. 

The steamer "Horicon" is a fine side-wheel steamer 203 feet 
long and 52 feet wide over all, and will accommodate 1,000 people. 

The "Ticonderoga," running in connection with the "Horicon," 

is a smaller steamer, but is admirably fitted for Lake George travel. 

Disiances from Caldwell, on Lake Gtorrje. 
Miles. 

Fort George Hotel 8 

Crosbyside 0.9 

Coolidge House 4.0 

Long Island 4.0 

Trout Pavilion 7.0 

Kat takill House 7.0 

Bolton 9 9 

Fourteen Mile Island 1'2.0 



Miles. 

Hundred Island House 12.4 

French Point 14.0 

Hulett's Landing 21.0 

Sabbath Day Point 22.0 

Hague 28.0 

Anthony's Nose 30.3 

Rogers' ISock Hotel 32.2 

Baldwin 33.0 

The Lake House, F. G. Tucker, proprietor, is beautifully sit- 
uated at the head of Lake George, on its west shore, in the vil- 
lage of Caldwell, surrounded with several acres of lawn and abun- 
dant shade trees. The hotel is supplied with hot and cold water, 
bath-rooms, billiard-rooms, telegraph oflSce, news oflBce, and ex- 
cellent accommodations for 250 guests. Connected with the hotel, 
on its grounds, are five Kjjlendid cottages, affording elegant, home- 
like accommodations for families who wi.sh more retirement than 
the large hotel affords. The beautiful new steam yacht "Poca- 
hontas " lands at the dock on the hotel grounds, and can be 
chartered at reasonable prices for pleasure excursions on the lake. 

The Centkal House is i)leasantly located near the Lake House 
and the Post-office, accommodating about 100 guests. Its rooms 
are excellent and comfortably furnished, and the house is a de- 
sirable home for summer visitors. Lake view from the hotel 
piazzas. Mr. George Brown, formerly with the Half-Way House 
at French Mountain, is its efficient proprietor. Eates, $2 per 
day, and from $8 to $12 per week. Free omnibus to all trains 
and boats. Open all the year round. 

Carpenter Hottse, J. H. Carpenter, proprietor, is at the head 
of the lake, two minutes' walk from the depot, and nearly oppo- 
site Fort William Henry Hotel and park, and directly opposite 
the old stone store. The piazzas command a good view of Pros- 
pect Mountain, and of the lake and docks. The proprietor has 
recently enlarged, thoroughly renovated and newly furnished 
the hotel, and now offers pleasant accommodations to those who 
wish to enjoy the beauties of the lake in summer or winter. 
Kates, $2 per day; $8 to $12 per week. Nearest $2 house to 
depot. Good livery attached. Free omnibus meets all trains 
and boats. 

100 



LAKE GEOEGE KOUTE. 

FoBT George Hotel is beautifully situated opposite the village 
of Caldwell, on high ground which rises gradually from the lake, 
and is surrounded by a handsomely graded lawn ornamented 
with flowers, paths and forest trees. The hotel building and 
its several cottages are lighted by gas, and are supplied with an 
abundance of pure water from a mountain spring. Bath-rooms, 
with hot and cold water, telegraph office and news-stand, billiard 
room, bowling alleys, a steam laundry, a first-class livery with ac- 
commodations for private horses, a fine fleet of boats, and a bath- 
house constructed for swimming purposes are connected with 
the house. A broad piazza, over 500 feet in length, surrounds 
the house. The dining-room is one of the finest in the country, 
having a frontage of one hundred and forty feet, overlooking the 
lake. A free coach conveys passengers over a lovely drive of five 
minutes along the shore of the lake to the hotel. 

Ckosbyside Hotel is situated on a point jirojecting into the 
lake from the east side. It is about one mile from Caldwell, and, 
with its several cottages, is managed by its owner, Mr. Crosby, 
and is celebrated for the superior manner in which it is con- 
ducted and the choice class of visitors that patronize the house. 
Its location is such as to afibrd an extensive view of the lake and 
a charming view of the mountains across the lake on the north 
and west. The sunset views from Crosbyside are remarkable, and 
at times are sublimely beautiful. The house will accommodate 
200 guests. Coaches and Lake George steamers leave and call for 
passengers at the Crosbyside hotel and landing. 

Tea Island, the traditional burial-place of Abercrombie's trea- 
sures, is near the west shore, northwest from Crosbyside. 

St. Mary's or the Lake, the summer home of the Paulist 
Fathers, a society of Roman Catholic Missionary Priests, is a mile 
north of Crosbyside, on the east shore of the lake. Plum Point 
is north of St. Mary's. Diamond Island, abounding in quartz 
crystals, is 3 miles from Caldwell, in the middle of the lake. It 
was fortified by Burgoyne in 1777, and used as a military sup- 
ply depot. Crown Point is west of Diamond Island, with Can- 
non Point, Keid Bock and Diamond Point on the west shore. 

CooLTDGE House is four miles from Caldwell, on west side of 
lake, and one mile north of it is " Cheonderoga," on Lake George, 
the many-pointed cottage of Judge Edmunds, of New York. 

101 



LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. 

The Three Sisters Islands are in the middle of the lake, five 
miles from Caldwell. Dunham's Bay is on the east of Plum Point, 
with West Point at its north end. The low island west of West 
Point is South Island, a favorite picnic resort. 

Long Island, one mile long, the largest island in the lake, is 
just north of South Island. Running across the mouth of Harris 
Bay the steamer passes Kii^ley's Point, Sandy Bay, Sheldon's 
Point, East Lake George House, Grove Hotel to 

Tkout Pavilion, where are the Trout Pavilion Hotel and 
several cottages. Kattskill House is on the high proj ecting jioint, 
7 miles from Caldwell. Little Green Island, Camp Manhattan, 
is north of Kattskill House, near east shore; Eagle Hotel on the 
west shore opposite. Pilot Knob Mountain is the sharp peak on 
the east, with Buck Mountain north of it, and Phelps Point 
in front, on the shore. Dome Island in center of the lake is the 
highest of Lake George islands. Eecluse Island is west of Dome, 
and the path of the steamer. Clay Island is near Eecluse, separ- 
ated from the main land by a narrow strait. 

Bolton, ten miles from Caldwell, at the northwestern end of 
the Northwest Bay, has several very commodious hotels, and is a 
popular resort for families and excursion parties. It is on the 
west side of the lake, commanding a very delightful view of Lake 
George scenery. The principal hotels are the Mohican, Wells, 
Bolton, and Lake View. Bolton Bay contains numerous islands, 
and some of the most beautiful scenery in the lake. 

The Mohican House at ';olton,'on Lake George, is delightfuUy 
situated on a long i>oint exteii:lmg into the lake. The lawn is 
terraced to the water's edge. The facilities for boating, fishing, 
riding and driving are excellent, and the best of attendance is 
given to patrons. The Mohican has been a jiopular resort for the 
best class of guests for several generations. The cuisine is unex- 
celled during the season. The hotel farm furnishes fresh milk 
and vegetables, and pure spring water is brought from the moun- 
tains. The Mohican House is ojien throughout the year. Ad- 
dress E. B. Winslow, Proprietor. 

The Bolton House, Bolton, on Lake George, stands on the 
west side of the lake and commands a very extensive view of the 
lake, bays and islands. Tht ->cation is said to be one of the best 
on the lake. One hundred and twenty-five guests can be accom- 

102 



LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. 

modated here in large, pleasant and well furnished rooms. The 
Bolton House has the advantages of mountain scenery, pure water, 
daily mails, fine boating, laundry, news-room, etc. Lake boats 
land here. Address H. H. West, Proprietor. 

Locust Grove House, Bolton, Lake George, New York, is 
pleasantly situated ten rods from the west shore of the lake, and 
is surrounded by a beautiful Locust Grove. It commands one 
of the best views of the lake, and has accommodations for 100 
guests, to whom it offers special advantages. The rooms are large 
and airy, and the space surrounding the house affords ample 
play- grounds for the children. The bathing facilities are excel- 
lent. There is a sandy beach with a gradual sloije, so that ladies 
and children can bathe with the most jierfect safety. Horses and 
carriages can be obtained readily. The fishing is fine, and boats 
for pleasure or fishing are to be had at moderate rates. The Saga- 
more Hotel, recently built on Green Island, is not far distant. 

AU matters of the house are under the personal supervision of 
the owner and proprietor, J. H. Vandenburgh. Terms furnished 
on application, with special rates for September and October. 
Reference, W. N. Dickinson, care of Tiffany & Co., New York. 

THE SAGAMORE HOTEL 
Is built on a high point of Green Island, and affords a charming 
view of the Lake and of the surrounding mountains, from all 
sides. It was erected by capitalists, whose families have spent 
their summers at Lake George for many years. Nothing was 
spared to make it all the most exacting could desire. A handsome 
rustic bridge unites the island with the main land on the west 
side, and the superb mountain drives in the vicinity of Lake 
George, to Schroon Lake, Warrensburg, Lake Lucerne, Caldwell, 
and other points. 

The situation of the Sagamore is incomparable for scenic effects, 
being ten miles north of Caldwell at the head of the Lake, with 
an unbroken view between the two points. Its large and airy 
rooms, with accommodation for about 300 persons, are all lighted 
with Edison electric lights. From the insular position of the 
Hotel each room has a fine view of the Lake. It is furnished 
with an ample hydraulic elevator for the use of guests. All the 
sleeping rooms are supplied with electric bells. The furniture is 
of elegant design and the table unexceptionable. Abundant sup- 

103 



LAKE GEORGE BOUTE. 

ply of excellent water, brought at a distance of two miles from a 
famous mountain spring at an elevation of 500 feet above the 
Lake. It has an ample billiard room for indoor amusement, and 
adjacent grounds for out-door enjoyments, also a good livery, and 
the endless possibilities of the Lake in the way of sailing, rowing, 
and fishing. Ample bathing facilities both in the Hotel and the 
Lake. Telegraph office in the Hotel. The most thorough and 
perfect drainage. Walks and drives about the island (70 acres in 
extent) among the grand old trees of the primeval forest. 

It is in the great thoroughfare of summer travel going north 
from New York by way of Saratoga, and is of easj' access either 
by rail via New York Central and Hudson River Railroad or the 
People's Line, or Day Boat to Albany, and thence by Delaware 
and Hudson Railroad to Caldwell, at the head of Lake George, 
whore the regular steamboats "Horicon" and "Ticonderoga" meet 
all trains and carry passengers to the dock of " The Sagamore." 

Green Island, Crown Island, Northwest Bay, and Tongue 
Mountain, rugged and precipitous, are passed on west side of lake 
as the steamer enters the Naekows of the lake with its numerous 
islands. Black Mountain is seen to the north. Shelving Rock 
and Mount Erebus, dark and foreboding, are east of the Narrows. 

Fourteen Mile Island, with Hen and Chickens, is near the east 
shore. Hundred Island House, named from the 100 islands of the 
Narrows, is half a mile north of Fourteen Mile Island, on the east 
shore. Peakl Point House, on Pearl Point, is just north of it. 
Sherman House is at French Point, on the west, projecting from 
Tongue Mountain. Paradise Point is on the east, and to the 
north of it is the bold form of Black Mountain, 2,649 feet high, 
the highest mountain on the lake shore. Its ascent is easily 
made from Popple Point on the shore. Half-Way Island, Three 
Brothers, Hatchet Island, One Tree Island, Floating Battery, and 
Mother Bunch are passed in succession. Cives Rock is the solid 
wall of the mountain slope on the east, north of Mother Bunch. 
Harbor Islands are north of it in the middle of the lake. 

Hulett's Landing, 21 miles from Caldwell, is a favorite point 
of departure for the ascent of Black Mountain. It is 5 miles 
from Chubb's Dock, on Del. & Hud. C. C. R. R. The hotel here 
will accommodate 50 persons. From Hulett's Landing we run 
across the lake to Sabbath Day Point, passing Elephant Mountain, 
Black Mountain, with Sugar Loaf beyond it to the east. 

1 3a 



LAKj; (JEORGE ROUTE. 



SiBfeAia Day Point, of historical fame, where in 1766 Put- 
nam and liogers repulsed the French and Indians, and where 
Abfircrombie landed on the 5th of July, 1758, with 15,000 men, 
and where General Amherst landed on a Sunday in September , 
1758, with 12,000 men, and held religious services, is on the west 
side of the lake, 22 miles from Caldwell. From this i^oint to 
Baldwin the steamer makes fewer landings than previously. 

Bloomer Mountain, Twin Mountains to the west, Hog's Back 
on the east, with Spruce Mountain north of it, bold and precipi- 
tous, are passed in succession. Blufif Head projects from the 
shore, with Odel Islands north of it. Scotch Bonnet is a flat rock 
west of the channel, 4 miles north of Sabbath Day Point. 

Hague, 28 miles from Caldwell, is a small village on the west 
side of the lake. There are several small hotels here. One mile 
north of Hague is Waltonian Island. Cook's Island along the 
shore, and Friend's Point on the west, succeed each other. 
Blair's Bay is on the east side, with Anthony's Nose on its north 
side. The steamer runs close to the mountain, with Rogers' Rock 
and Slide on the west. It lands at Rogees' Rock Hotel, 32 miles 
from Caldwell, one of the largest and best hotels on the lake. 

Baldwin is next reached, 33 miles from Caldwell. Here we 
connect with the Delaware & Hudson Ccnal Co.'s R. R,, for Ticon- 
deroga, 5 miles, where is the main line of the R. R. for Platts- 
burg, Montreal, Saratoga, and the southern landing of the Lake 
Champlain steamers. 

HOTELS AT LAKE GEOBGE. 











HOTELS — P. 0. ADDRESS. 


CITY. 

1000 


HOTELS — P. 0. ADDRESS. 


CITY. 


Fort William Henry, L'ke George 


Bolton House Bolton 


100 


Lake House " 


200 


Locust Grove " 


100 


Central House " 


100 


WeUs' House 


30 


Carpenter House... " 


100 


Eagle Hotel " 


25 


Crosbyside " 


•200 


Fourteen -Mile Is. Ho Shelv'g R'k 


80 


Fort George Hotel. " 


•200 


Hundred Isl. House " 


80 


Coolidge House Hill View 


50 


Pearl Point House. " 


150 


Burton House " 


45 


Sherman House " 


100 


Sheldon House Kattskill Bay 


100 


Horicon Pavilion. . . " 


100 


East L. George Ho.. " 


40 


Hulett's Hotel, Hulett's Land'g 


100 


Grove Hotel " 


50 


Sabbath D'y P tHo. Sabbath Day 


24 


Trout Pavilion " 


80 


Phoenix Hotel Hague Point 


50 


Kattskill House " 


100 


Bay View House ... 


20 


Lake View House . .Bolton 


90 


I'rout House " 


35 


Sagamore " 


300 


Hillside House " 


40 


Mohicon House .... " 


80 


Rogers' Rock Hotel, Rogers' R'ck 


125 



103 b 



The Leading "New England Paper. 

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Daily, $8. Sunday, $2. ^A'^eekly, $1. 

.A. Zja>x-e;e Qxi.a,x>to iSlxeet. 

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Prospering Grandly. [From the Northampton Gazette.] 
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As Good as a Newspaper Ought to Be. [Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution.] 
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well deserves its present prosperity. 

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dailies published in this country. 

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Address THE REPUBLICAN, Springfield, Mass. 



J 



HUDSON RIYER ROUTC 



THE LAKE CIIAMPLAIN ROUTE. 

Go mo north, diverges from the old line of the Rensselaer and 
Saratoga Railroad at Whitehall, to the new Railroad, completed 
in 1876, on the west side of Lake Champlain. The Champlain 
Division of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. runs from 
Whitehall to Rouse's Point, a distancs of 122 miles, and now formi 
the chief route via the D. and H. Canal Co.'s Line from New 
York and Albany to Montreal. Drawing-room cars are run though 
from New York to Montreal without change, and in less time 
than by any other route. 

The R. R. runs from Whitehall through Fort Ticonderoga, 
Crown Point, Port Henry, Westport, where stages connect for 
Elizabethtown, Essex, Port Kent, Plattsburgh, West Chazy, to 
Rouse's Point, and thence by Grand Trunk Line to St. John's, 
Victoria Bridge, and Montreal. These places are described more 
at length hereafter. At Fort Ticonderoga, in summer the toorist 
has the choice of the Railroad Route, or the more delightful trip on 
Lake Champlain, on the elegant steamers of the Champlain 
Transportation Co., which run from Ticonderoga to Plattsburgh, 
touching at Burlington and other landings on the Lake. At 
Fort Ticonderoga, the tourist wishing to make the Lake George 
trip will take the branch R. R. to Baldwin, 4 miles distant, thence 
by Lake George steamer up the Lake to Caldwell. From Cald- 
well the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s K. R. runs south to 
Glens Falls, Fort Edward, Saratoga and points south. 

The trip on Lake Champlain is very delightful. The elegan* 
and commodious steamers ; the pure, bracing, and healthful at- 
mosphere ; the ever- varying and ever-beautiful landscape, em- 
bracing on the east the verdant Green Mountains, the rich farmi 
and quiet villages of Vermont, on the west the rugged lofty 
summits of the Adirondacks, and, between them — now narrow 
and stream-like, again ©xpaneive, but ever placid — the long 
and beautiful lake, — these all combine to make the Lake Ch&zn 
plain route very charming to the tourist. 

104 



LAXX CHAMPLAIV UOXTtK. 

T'ii« ronte from Whitehall ia past Ohvb^t Dock, DreiuUn^ uid iSU 
nam, three unimportant stations between Whitehall aud Fort Tioo» 
deroga. The B.B. mns on the west side of the lake* 

FORT TICONDEROGA. 

Tiamderoga, Essex Co., N. T. 24 M. fr. Whitehaa, 247 M. fr. N. T. 

Hotels. — Burleigli^s and Pavilion. 

At this point the traveler ^oing north takes the splendid steamen 
of the Champlain Transportation Co., or, if he wishes to visit Lake 
George, will take the branch R. B. to Baldwin Station, five milei 
distant, and thence the beantifol little steamers on that lake. 

" Fork TL" is a favorite resort for summer tourists, and is foil 
of historic intere"" The old fort, on the high bluff near the steam* 
Voat wharf, is ix ^ dilapidated condition, but enough remains of iti 
ruined bastions to make it a most interesting subject for the study 
of those who revere the memory of our early days as a nation. 

Ticonderoga is a corruption of the Indian name Tisinondrosa, 
meaning " the tail of the lake," and referring to the narrow portion 
of the lake south of this point. The French were the fijBt to for- 
tify Ticonderoga. They built a fort there in 1755, and named it 
Carillon. The same year it was strongly garrisoned, and was held 
by them until 1759. In 1758, General Abercrombie sailed down 
Lake George from Fort William Henry, and attacked Carillon with 
a force of 17,000 British regulars and provincials. He was repulsed 
with a loss of 2,000 killed and wounded ; Lord Howe, his second in 
eommand, being among the killed. The battle-ground is passed on 
the rail route between the two lakes, and the disposition of the 
forces in the battle can be ascertained by inquiring of residents. 
In 1759, General Amherst advanced against the fort with a force 
of 12,000 men, regulars and militia, and the French were obliged 
to abandon it. It was greatly strengthened by the English, and 
was held by them until 1775, when, on May 10th, Ethan Allen 
and his Green Mountain Boys surprised and captured it. (The 
oentennial of this event was celebrated with appropriate exerciset 
and much enthusiasm. ) On Burgoyne's advance down the Hudson, 
in 1777, it again fell into British hands, and was occupied by them 
until Burgoyne's surrender to Gates in October of that year. 

Ticonderoga is at the mouth of the outlet of Lake George, aud 
trains run regularly to that lake. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN KOtJTS!. 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

No name can be found more aptly describing this beautiful lak« 
than that which was given it by the Indiana who once dwelt 
along its shores. To them it was " The Gate of the Country," 
and was as important in their rude warfare as it afterward proved 
to be when England and France expended life and treasure in 
fighting for its possession. To us it is known by the name of it.« 
discoverer, Samuel Champlain, who, in order to gain the friend 
ship of the Hurons and Algonquins, joined them, with two of 
his companions, in a warlike expedition against the Iroquois. 
Chumplain named the lake St. Sacreme7U, and straightway pro' 
ceeded to inaugurate the long series of conflicts which have taken 
plaoe along the shores. 

The first account that we hava of Lake Champlain is the his- 
toiy of Champlain's warlike expedition against the Iroquois ; and 
from that time until the close of the last war with England the 
lake was often the scene of conflicts between Indians, French, 
English, and Americans. The most important battle was that of 
Plattsburg, which took place on September 11, 1814. The 
American and British fleets were engaged in a fierce fight on the 
lake, while their respective armies were at the same time in action 
on tjhore, close at hand. This double combat ended in the total 
defeat of the British, and was one of the most hotly contested 
battles of the war. 

During the " Old French War," while France still held pos- 
session of the Canadas, the English maintained garrisons along 
the shores of the lake and flotillas on the water. These two 
great European Powers brought their ancient feuds across the 
Atlantic with them, and the horrors of a desultory warfare were 
increased by the barbarities perpetrated by the Indian allies of 
both parties. Crown Point and Ticonderoga are both famous, 
the latter as the site of the old fort, which Ethan Allen and his 
brave Green Mountain Boys captured with its British garrison. 

Valcour Island, a few miles south of Plattsburg, is near the 
scene of Arnold's disastrous engagement with the British, in 
1776. That officer then stood high in public estimation, and on 
this occasion fully sustained his reputation for skill and bravery, 

106 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. 

in covering the retreat of his flotilla. The battles of Benningtoii 
and Hubbardstou and the line of Burgoyne's march, were all 
on or near the shores of Lake Champlain, and add a never-dying 
interest to the magnificent scenery which surrounds it. 

Lake Champlain is 150 miles long, and varies in width from a 
few hundred yards to thirteen miles. Its waters are clear, deep, 
and well stocked with fish of various kinds. In the spring 
and fall thousands of wild ducks make this their feeding-ground, 
and the wild lauds west of the lake abound in game. 

Large quantities of lumber are shipped through this lake, 
Burlington being the chief mart on the shores. 

The Champlain Transportation Company's splendid large 
steamers make one round trip daily in connection with the li. R. 
trains, through the lake from Ticonderoga to Plattsburg and in- 
termediate landings. 

CROWN POINT. 

Crown Point, Esuex Co., ]V. Y., 258 miles from New Torh 
HoTKLS — Gunnison's and Crown Point. 

The village of Crown Point is about one mile west of thelnnu- 
ing. It has a population of about 3.000, is one of the starting- 
points for hunters and tourists entering the Adirondack region 
Iron mines are worked in the rocky mountains around the vil- 
lage. Across the lake is Bridport, Vt. 

As we proceed north on our journey, and before we reach 
Port Henry, we pass Crown Point, a high promontory, on which 
is a 1 ght-house and the ruins of Fort Frederick built by the 
French in 1731, but which was capture! by the English in 1759. 
It fell into the hands of the Americans under Ethan Allen, at the 
same time and umler the same circumstances as did Fort Ticon- 
deroga. West of this point liesBullwagga Bay, and south of the 
bay is the high rocky mountain of the same name. The lake 
widens at this point to a width of about two mlies. 

POKT HENRY. 

Morinh. Essex Co., N. Y.. 205 miles from New York. 
This is a very pleasant and picturesqt;e village — the scenery of 
the mountains in its vicinity being exceedingly beautiful. The 

107 




CATHEDRAL ROCK, AU SABLE CHASM, N. Y. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. 

Port Henry Iron Works, distinctly seen as we pass, are quite ex- 
tensive. Iron mines abound, and are largely worked, just west 
of the village. After leaving Port Henry the views of the Adi- 
rondack Mountains to the westward and of the Green Mountain 
range to the eastward are very grand. On the west the mos*- 
prominent elevation is Bald Peak, 

WESTPORT. 

Westport, Essex Co., If. V., 375 viilesfrom New York. 

This is one of the chief points of departure from the lake to 
the Adirondacks. Stages convey passengers from here to Eliza- 
bethtown, Keene, Lake Placid, Saranac, and points in their vicin- 
ity. It is a very pleasantly located village on the west shore of 
the lake. The iron business is carried on extensively in the 
towns we>>t of this, and much iron and ore are shipped from tiiis 
port. Elizabethtown, a few miles west, has extensive works. 

As we leave Westport, going north, the spires of the city of 
Vergennes, Vt., are visible to the eastward. The lake narrows 
again as we proceed, and opposite its narrowest part are the 
ruins of Fort Casson, named in honor of an officer of McDonough'a 
fleet. It is situated at the mouth of Otter Creek, where was 
formerly a steamboat landing for the city of Vergennes. The 
creek is navigable for 20 miles as far as Vergennes, where Mc- 
Donough fitted out his fleet. 

On the west is Split-Rock Mountain, and at its north end is a 
light-house. Near this mountain and light the lake is very deep 
and has never been correctly fathomed. Bottles tightly corked 
have been sunk to a great depth, and on being raised to the sur 
face were found full of water, though still corked. 

ESSEX. 

Essex, Essex Co., N. Y., 2^1 miles from New York. 
The village is romantically situated at the foot of the hills 
which render the whole western shore so picturesque. Essex is 
one of the points on the lake whence hunters take their depar- 
ture for the Adirondacks. 

The islands which lie in the middle lake, a few milea north of 
Essex, are the Four Brothers. 

108 



VAN NESS AND AMERICAN 

HOTELS, 
Burlingtorij Vermont. 




The 



' Van Nesg House " has a Safety Hydraulic Passenger Elevator, 
Fire Escapes, etc. Fine views of the Lake and Moun- 
taiDS from all parts of the House. 



L S. DREW, 

Manager. 



H. N. CLARK, 

Clerk. 



U. A. WOODBURY, 

Projirietor. 



The Van Ness and Ameeican Hotels are now open to the public 
under one management and will, as heretofore, be conducted in a man- 
ner consistent with the good reputation of Burlington as a Summer 
Resort for the best class of gixests. Neither pains nor expense will be 
spared to keep them first-class in every particular. Me. Deew, so long 
and favorably known to the traveling public, will personally superin- 
tend everything conducive to the comfort of guests at both hotels. 

These Hotels are supplied with ample public and private Parlors, 
Reading Rooms, Committee Rooms, Billiard and Commercial Sample 
Rooms, Telegraph Ofl&ce, Rooms, single or en suite, with Baths, Closets, 
Electric Bells, etc. 

The tables are always supplied with the delicacies of the season. 
Fresh vegetables, pure milk, butter and cream brought daily from the 
hotel farm. 

Tourists will find Burlington a pleasant place to spend a few days in, 
its charming views and delightful drives rendering it very attractive. 

Two or more trains daily to Boston, New York, Saratoga, the White 
Mountains and Montreal, Steamboats to and from Lake George, Sara- 
toga, Ticonderoga, Plattsburgh and Ausable Chasm. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. 

BURLINGTON. 

Burlington, Chittenden Co., VL, 308 miles from JSfew York. 
Population 12,000. Hotels — Van Ness and American. 
The city of Burlington is delightfully situated on the hillside, 
wtich rises from the lake shore, and commands an uninter- 
rupted view of the historic Lake Chamjilain and the Green 
Mountain range. In the centre of the city is a large public 
square, near which are the custom-house, city and county 
buildings, banks and other business oflBces. The Fletcher 
Free Library, which contains 14,000 volumes, is located in 
City Hall Park. The Howard Opera House, at the comer of 
Bank and Church fStreets, was erected by John P. Howard, 
Esq., at an expense of $125,000, and is one of the most beau- 
tiful public halls in this country. The University of Ver- 
mont stands on the hill overlooking the city. From the dome 
of the chief building an extensive and very beautiful view may 
be obtained, including the ranges of the Adirondack and Green 
mountains, while Lake Champlain, with its bays and islands, 
stretches north and south, as far as the eye can reach. The 
large island in front of Burlington is Juniper Island. To the 
south of this may be seen Rock Dunder, which is said to have 
excited the suspicions of the British commodore, while cruising 
here during the war with England, to such an extent that he 
opened tire upon it. The University Library contains about 
20,000 volumes; the Park Gallery of Art contains a choice collec- 
tion of paintings, statuary, etc., and the Museiim contains over 
80,000 specimens. On the spacious park in front of the Univer- 
sity is the bronze statue of Lafayette, the work of the sculptor 
John Q. A. Ward, and the gift of Mr. John P. Howard. The 
Medical College, north of and under the direction of the Univer- 
sity, is also the gift of Mr. Howard. It cost $GO,000. Back of 
the University is the Mary Fletcher Hospital— a free institution, 
built and endowed by the lady whose name it bears, at an ex- 
pense of a quarter of a million of dollars. Near by is Green 
Mountain Cemetery, in which is the Ethan Allen Monument, 
erected by the State over the spot where the Eevolutionary 
hero's remains are buried. It consists of a granite shaft, forty- 
two feet in height, on which is an heroic marble statue of Ethan 
Allen, the work of the sculptor, Peter Stephenson. 

109 




AU8ABLK CHASM. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. 

In the north part of the city are Battery Park, the Betreat foi 
the Insane, the Koman Catholic Hospital and Convent, Lake 
View Cemetery and Episcopal Institute. Near here is the Ethan 
Allen homestead; a romantic cave, called "Devil's Den," which 
is connected with the story of Ethan Allen's life; and Lookout 
Rock, from which a view of surpassing beauty may be obtained. 

South of the city is the Home for Destitute Children; Howard 
Park, where a great fair and mechanical exposition is annually 
held ; and the Queen City Park, a favorite picnic resort. 

The drives along the Winooski Eiver are beautiful. A few 
miles east is High Bridge -a picturesque and attractive locality. 
In the steep banks of the Winooski Biver at this point, are large 
and interesting caves, which have recently been discovered. 

Mallett's Bay, 8 miles distant, is celebrated for its bass and 
pike fishing. The drive to the bay is delightful. 

The best hotels are the Van Ness House and American House. 
Both are sitaated in the centre of the city overlooking the Park, 
and command a view of Lake Champlain and the Adirondack 
Mountains. The tables are excellent, and the rooms are newly 
furnished and very comfortable. The prices are moderate. 

The general offices of the Champlain Transportation Co. are on 
the steamboat wharf near the railroad station. From Burlington 
tourists go to the White Mountains and Mt. Mansfield by rail. 

Tourists can leave Burlington in the morning, cross the lake, 
visit Au Sable Chasm and return to Burlington the same day. 
PORT KENT. 
Chesterfield, Essex Co., X. Y., 313 miles from New York. 

Port Kent is on the west shore of Lake Champlain, near the 
mouth of the Au Sable River. It is the port from which the pro- 
ducts of the iron-works at Keeseville and Au Sable Forks are 
shipped to various markets, and the terminus of the stage-route 
to the Adirondacks, by way of Au Sable It is the nearest rail- 
road station to the wonderful Au Sable Chasm, on the Au 
Sable River, three miles distant and midway between Port Kent 
and Keeseville About a mile from Keeseville the Au Sable River 
makes a leap of 20 feet into a semi-circular basin of great natural 
beauty. A mile further on, amid the wildest scenery, are the 
Birmingham Falls, 150 feet high. Horse Shoe Falls, are nearly 

110 




HORSESHOE AND BIRMINGHAM FALLS, 
AU SABLE CHASM, N. Y. 



LAKE CHAMPLAm ROUTE. 

opposite the entrance to the Chasm, Here great blocks of sand- 
stone sr? piled on one another, assimilating the smoothest of 
masonry. Following the river, now rapidly narrowing, deepening, 
and foa^ning, we shortly come to the Chasm. The river is here 
encased in a channel from 5 to 10 feet wide, whose walls rise ab- 
ruptly from 100 to 200 feet. Lower down toward the lake the 
walls are sometimes 50 feet apart, descending perpendioularlji 
and extending in a lateral canal, with sharp turns and occasional 
widenings for nearly 2 miles. The entire scenery is wild beyond 
description. Lateral fissures deep and narrow, project from the 
main ravine at nearly right angles. Through one of these crev- 
ices the abyss is reached from the " Lodge," by a stairway of 312 
steps. The entire mass of the walls is formed of laminaj of 
sandstone rock, laid in such regular and precise order by the 
hand of nature as to produce the effect of a grand architectural 
ruin. From the fissures of these walls pines and cedars project 
and, flinging their dark branches out over the Chasm, add to the 
wildness of a scene which rivals in beauty the famed Gorge du 
Trientof Switzerland. What has caused this wonderful phenom- 
enon is a problem that presents a wide scope for interesting 
speculation. 

The trip through the Chasm is one of intense interest, and cer- 
tainly a half day should be given to it, but it can be made in two 
or three hours. The boat ride ov. r the la.st half mile is one of the 
great features of this passage through a land of surprises ; and 
the novel sensation of shooting the rapids and floating over un- 
known depths, although accomplished in perfectly safe boats, 
under the guidance of trustworthy boatmen, is something long 
to be remembered. The Chasm is owned by a company of Phila- 
delphia gentlemen, and since their administration of its affairs 
great improvements have been made looking to the comfort and 
safety of visitors. Stone walks with substantial iron railings and 
firm bridges far above high-water mark have been erected, and 
commodious and safe boats have been placed in the flume. The 
trip can be made, amid the most wild and turbulent of nature's 
vagaries, dry shod and in comfort. 

The Lake View House, located near the entrance, on a high 
plateau overlooking Lake Champlain, is owned bj the Au Sabis 

lU 




THE FLUME, AU SABLE CUASM, N. Y. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN KOUTE. 

Chasm Co., has accommodation for 200 guests, and has billiard 
rooms, howling alleys, and good livery stables connected. Stages 
run from all trains of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company t, 
R. E., and Champlain steamers, from Port Kent to the Lake View 
House. 3 miles distant. 

At Keeseville is a good hotel, the Adirondack House. Thence 
stages run to Paul Smith's, Bartlett's, Miller's, Saranac Lake, and 
other houses on the Saranac. 

From Au Sable Forks a road leads into the mountains through 
the famous Wilmington Notch, to North Elba and Lake Placid. 

Upon the hill j ust above the lake is a fine old stone house, where 
live the descendants of Colonel Elkanah Watson, the founder of 
ihe first agricultural society of New York. In 1777, the year of 
Burg03'ne's surrender, Colonel Wutson, then aged 17, made a tour 
through the country, and wrote a very interesting and accurate 
account of his experiences. This account forms one of our most 
valuable histories of those revolutionary times. 

PLATTSBURG. 

PMtsburg, Clinion Co., K Y., 328 m. fr. N. Y.;G3fr. Monlreal. 
H.OTEI.S — Cumberland, Fouqud's, and WUherell's. 

Plattsburg is situated at the mouth of Saranac River, on a pla- 
teau some fifty feet above the level of the lake. It has about 
10,000 inhabitants, and is in every respect a flourishing place. 
It is the county town of Clinton county, and contains the usual 
buildings for judicial purposes. The U. S. Government has bar- 
racks and, keeps a garrison here. The Saranac River furnishes 
water-power for several mills . 

The Cumberland House is situated in the business center of 
the town, adjacent to Trinity Park, and is kept in excellent style 
by C. S. Averill. The rooms are connected with the office by elec- 
tric annunciators, the cuisine unexcelled, and everything neces- 
sary to make the patrons of the house satisfied and pleased is 
afforded. A free omnibus meets all trains and steamboats. 

Plattsburg is the most important point of departure from Lake 
Champlain, and the main line of the Delaware & Hudson Canal 
Company's E. E. for the northern part of the Adirondacks, in- 
cluding Paul Smith's and the Saranac Lake region. The Au Sable 
branch of the R. R. conveys passengers to Au Sable station, 

112 



LAKE CSAMPLAIN EOTJTE. 

20 miles distant, where travelers take stages to the hunting and 
fishing grounds of the Adirondack region. This forms the most 
convenient and comfortable route to the North Woods. The Cha- 
teaugay runs from Plattsburg 36 miles west to Lyon Mountajn, 
whence a stage runs to "Ralph's," on upper Chateaugay Lake. 

Steamers touch daily at the wharves of Plattsburg, conveying 
passengers to various places on the shores of the lake. 

Beyond the Cumberland Bay is Macdonough's Point, just in- 
side of which, in September, 1814, was anchored the American 
fleet, awaiting the attack of the British, while on shore lay the 
two hostile armies, watching one another, and ready at any mo- 
ment for either attack or defense. Commodore Macdonough com- 
manded the American fleet, and Commodore Downie the British. 
The land forces were commanded by General Macomb on the 
American side, and General Provost on the British. The British 
fleet had 1,000 men and 95 guns. The Americans, 880 men and 
86 guns. On shore, the Americans had one brigade of regulars 
and several thousand militia, and the British had about 14, 000 
men. The battle was opened on the water by a shot from the 
American vessel Eagle, and very soon the engagement became 
genei*al. The roar of artillery was heard far off in Vermont, and 
a long distance down the lake. The fight lasted with the great- 
est fury for two hours and a half. Commodore Macdonough with 
his own hands sighted one of his guns, from time to time, 
throughout the action, and after one battery of his flag-ship, the 
U. S. frigate Saratoga, had been disabled by the superior artillery 
of the Confiance, her adversary, she was swung round, so as to 
bring her other battery to bear. This decided the fight, for the 
British shiiD was soon compelled to surrender, and the victory was 
soon after rendered complete by the surrender of the remaining 
ships. The British gunboats alone, being worked with sweeps, 
effected an escape. 

On shore the assaults of the British were repelled, and when it 
was seen that the day was lost on the lake, General Provost re- 
treated from the field, leaving the Amei'icans victorious by land 
and water. In one of the houses of Plattsburg is still to be seen 
a twelve-pound shot which entered the house during the engage- 
ment and lodged in the wall over the staircase, where it has re- 
mained ever since. 

113 



..sV^V 




SENTINEL AND TABLE BOCK, AU SABLE CHASM, N. Y. 



'^.. 



ADIKONDACK MOUNTAINS. 

THE ADIRONDACKS. 

"The Great Wilderness of northeastern New York, the limits 
of which we will hereafter try to define, is generally known as 
' The North Wooch^' or as ^The Adirondacks^'' according to the view 
taken of its surface. The former title indicates merely a wild, 
densely wooded region ; the latter, a region occupied by all the 
varied scenery pertaining to a most remarkable lake and moun- 
tain system." 

This wild region of dense forests, majestic mountains, magnifi- 
cent lakes and beautiful rivers, lies in the counties of Herkimer, 
Hamilton, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Clinton, Franklin, and Essex, 
and aggregates over 3,500,000 acres — a tract of land of an area 
of nearly 100 miles square. 

This region is the only primitive hunting and fishing ground 
left within any reasonable distance of New York City, and offer- 
ering, as it does, rare health-restoring qualities, combined with 
excellent deer hunting, and the best brook and lake trout fishin£ 
accessible, is yearly more than doubling its number of visitors- 
in fact, the limit is only measured by hotel capacity. 

The whole Adirondack region is intersected and diversified by 
a network of lakes and streams, which render it picturesque and 
beautiful in an almost unequaled degree. These systems of 
water communication afford very convenient means of transit tot 
hunters and pleasure-seekers, the lakes being connected by 
streams, in some cases navigable for bateaux, and in otiiera 
broken by falls and rapids around which boats and luggage mtist 
be carried. 

Iron is found in large quantities among the mountains, and 
some of the most accessible beds of ore are profitably worked. 
Valuable marble is also found. 

The Adirondack Wilderness may be divided into three gen- 
eral divisions, which collectively entertain the great bulk of vis- 
itors, and are representative of the whole, namely, the Saranac 
and St. Regis waters cf Franklin County, whose natural gateway 
is Plattsburg and Port Kent ; the mountain region of Keene, 
North Elba, and Lake Placid, in Essex County, with entrance as 
Westport ; and the Blue Mountain and Eaquette waters, in 



ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS. 

Hamilton county, reached by way of the Adirondack Railroad 
from Saratoga. Of these sections, the first mentioned has be- 
come the most widely celebrated. The grand mountains and 
lovely valleys of the Keene and Lake Placid have become familiar 
on the canvas of great painters ; while the Raquette region has 
an air of freshness, and is making rapid strides in popular favor. 
Each section, while possessing something of the characteristics 
of the others, has its own individual attractions; and while con- 
nected by natural highways, to a considerable extent, all preserve 
their individuality, and each is complete in itself. 

The wilderness is easily reached by several different routes, 
partly by carriage-roads and partly by boats, which will convey 
the tourist to almost any part of the woods. A favorite route to 
the woods is from Port Kent, by stages to An Sable Chasm, Keese- 
ville, Au Sable Forks, and the Saranac Lakes. Thence by boata 
and •' carries" penetrate to the heart of the wilderness. 

The completion of the railroad from Plattsburg to Au Sable, 
opposite Point of Rocks, on the Au Sable River, 10 miles west of 
Keeseville, makes Plattsburg a natural rendezvous on the east 
for visitors to either the Saranac or Chateaugay region. By this 
route the traveler will save about 14 miles of stage travel. 

Stages leave Au Sable for Whiteface Mountain and Lower Sar- 
anac and Lower St. Regis Lakes daily, on arrival of trains from 
Plattsburg, and returning connect with trains for Plattsburg. 

For a general course for a trip through the northern section 
we indicate the route via Whiteface Mountain, up the West Branch 
of the Au Sable River from Au Sable Forks, stopping at Whiteface 
to ascend the mountain, from the top of which most splendid 
views are afforded of Mount Marcy, Mount Seward, Nipple Top, 
and the whole range of Adirondacks. Sixty -four different bodies 
of water — lakes, ponds, and rivers — are said to be visible by the 
naked eye from this summit, and, with the aid of a glass. Lake 
Ontario and the White Mountains can be seen. 

There is a hotel near the foot of the mountain at Wilmington. 
By this route the traveler will pass a natural flume and the falls 
on the Au Sable River, and go through the " Wilmington Pa»8,^^ 
a deep and very narrow gorge, with mountains several hundred 
feet high towering almost perpendicularly on both sides. 

116 




ENTRANCE TO THE FLUME, ATT SABLE CHASM, N. Y 



ADIRONDACK MOtJNTAINS. 



From WTiiteface the route continues to North Elba, the home 
and burial-place of John Brown, whose exploits are known to all 
Americans. From North Elba the stages will turn from the 
*'ranch of the Au Sable and pass over to Lower Saranac Lake, 
Mstant. by this route 22 miles from Whiteface and 12 miles from 
N^orth Elba. If the traveler wishes, he can pause at Lake Placid 
and explore the rej^ion of the Upper Adirondacks, among which 
me Mount Mclntyre, Wallface, Mount Martin, Mount Marcy, 
Mount Sewajd, and a host of other peaks of great elevation. A 
number of these peaks are over 5,000 feet in height — Mount 
Marcy is said to be 5,467 feet. The Adirondack or Indian Pass, 
7 miles above Lake Placid, is a most majestic natural wonder, 
and well repays the toil of its difficult approach. Passing over to 
Lower iSaranac Lake the traveler will find several hotels and ex 
cellenc accommodation for a rest preparatory to the tour of the 
lakes. From this point the route is by water up through the Sar- 
anac chain of lakes. Between ihe Saranac and the St Regis Lake 
there are but two portages, and at these horses are kept, in the 
season of i)leasure travel, for transpoi-ting parties across. 

The passage of the lakes may be prolonged to enjoy the fishing 
and hunting, and by detours among the innumerable lakes, ponds, 
and streams, according to the leisure or inclination of the toux'ist, 
and on arriving at the Lower St. Regis a stage-ride of ^G miles 
from the hotel there brings you back to the railroad at Au Sable. 

Those who prefer to do so may leave out the detour to White- 
face and North Elba, and go by stage from Point of Rocks direct to 
Saranac, or may reverse the trip by staging up to Lake Sc. Regis 
and returning by Saranac Lake. 

From the Upper Saranac Lake a portage of three miles reaches 
the Raquette River, down which the traveler may find his w:iy 
tlirough the wilderness to Potsdam, in St. Lawrence County. 

West of the St. Regis are the innumerable lakes emptying into 
the St. Regis River, abounding with fi.sh and fowl, and forests 
alive with deer and other game ; and to the northward for 
20 miles stretches another chaia of lakes equally attractive to 
sportsmen, turning from which one may emerge at Malone, at 
the north, or bearing eastward from Loon Lake may descend 
the West Saranac and Saranac Rivers, viewing the Great Falls 
above Saranac Village, and reach Plattsburg by tage route. 

Hi . 



,1 



ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS. 

Still further north lies the Chateaugay region, which is access- 
ible from Plattsburg via Dannemora and Chazy Lake, or from 
points on the O^densburg & Lake Ch implain Railroad. 

The Adirondack region is steadily growing in favor as a resort 
for persons afflicted with throat and lung troubles ; and while it 
is not by any means a sure cure for all^ however deeply seated the 
diseases may have become, yet if persons so afflicted will go there 
in time, they will find the dry, pure air, impregnated as it is 
with balsam and pine, to be of infinite relief, and many living wit- 
nesses are there found to prove its benefits. Places of entertain- 
ment, from the well-appointed hotel on the border to the rude 
log-house and open camp of the interior, are found at short inter- 
vals throughout the entire wilderness, all waiting with open doors 
*o receive the stranger. Guides and boats may be had at all the 
lotels. Telegraph lines extend to the principal hotels. 

Camp equipage and stores and provisions for parties going int«? 
/he wilderness can be procured at these hotels, rendering it un- 
lecessary for visitors to burden themselves with such things be- 
fore arriving at the lakes. 

118 



ooLLEo-E sousra-s. 



CARMINA YALENSIA.— A New Collection of Yale and 
other College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments, 
and Engraving of Yale College Buildings. Extra cloth, $1..50 Extra 
cloth, full gilt, $1.75. 

SONGS OF COLUMBIA.— A New Collection of Columbia 
College Songs with Musicand Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound in 
extra cloth, showing the College Colors, blue and white. Price, $1 ; 0. 

SONG SHEAF. — A Collection of Vocal Music, arranged in one, 
two, three and four parts, with complete elementary course for schools, 
academies and social circle. Price, boards, by mail, 75 cents. 

HAPPY HOTmS.— A New Song Book for Schools, Academies 
and the Home Circle. 188 pp. 12mo. Price, boards, 50 cents. 

INTRODUCTION TO ELOCUTION.— By Prof. MaekBailet. 
60 pp. l2mo. Price, cloth, 50 cents. 

HISTORICAL EPOCHS.— The Great F Vents of History in 
Condensed Form, with System of Mnemonics. Price, cloth, 50 cents. 

Any of above books sent by maU, post-paid, on receipt of price. 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

1© <fc 20 -A-stor I'la.ce, 3iTe-wr "jrorlc. 



THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS. 

The Shortest, Quickest and Most Comfortable Hail and Stage Routes. 



1 



Get your tickets via AXBANY, TROY AND SARATOGA SPRING>-i. Tlieoft 
points are reached from New York via Day or Night Steamboats on the 
Hudson River and the New York Central and Hudson River, or the West 
Shore Railways. 

From BOSTON AND NEW ENGLAND, take Boston and Albany, Hoosac 
Tunnel or other Railwavs leading to Albanv or Troy or Saratoga. 

From SOUTHERN NE\VENa..AND. the Hartford and (%>uuecticut Western, 
and New York, New England Railways lead to the Hudson River and connect 
with New York Central, or West Shore Railways and the Day Boats for 
Albany, Troy and Saratoga. 

From the WEST and SOUTHWEST, by the Erie Railway via Binghamfon, 
or via the A''tw Yoik Cenlnil Railroad. 

From ALBANY or TROY', take the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co-'s Jiail- 
ivad to either of the following 

GATEWAYS. 

From PLATTSBURG, take the Chateaiigay Railroad, 36 miles to Lyon 
Mountain, thence by stage 4 miles to " Ralph's'''' on upper Ckaleaiigay Lake. 

From AU SABLE (20 miles west of Plattsbuig on branch railroad). Stages 
leave here every morning (Sundays excepted) on arrival of early trains, foi 
i?'/wrA\<, 18 miles ; Franklin Fall.o, 20 miles; Bloomingdale, 28 miles; Loon 
Lake House, on Loon Lake, 28 miles ; Rainbow House, on Rainbow Lake, 35 
miles ; Marlins's, on Saranac Lake, 37 miles ; Paul Smith's, on St. Regis Lake, 
38 miles ; Prospect House, on Saranac Lake, 41 miles ; BartletCs, on Saranac 
Lake, 49 miles. 

Frotn PORT KENT. Stages leave here from every train for KeesevUle, 6 
miles, stopping at Lake View House (An Sable Cha.'^n). Stages leave Keesev'dle 
!or Au Sable station, 17 miles, where connection is made for all above points. 

From WESTPORT. Stages to Elizabethlmvn, 8 miles, from all trains and 
Champlain Steamers. From Elizabcihtown a daily line of stages is run, or 
conveyance may be taken, (or Keene Valley, 17 miles; Edmond's Pond,\^ miles; 
Sehroon Lake, 32 miles ; Lake Placid, 28 miles ; Saranac Lake, 43 miles. 

From El'izabelhtoivn delightful trips arc made into the Mountain region, 
Ihrough Keene Valley via Indian Pass, and to An S ible Pond, one of the mosi 
beautiful spots in the Wilderness, also via North Elba, Lake Placid and 
"^''tlm'ington Xotch, passing immediately under the shadow of Wh'iteface and 
'haystack Mountains, and out at Au Sable station, or return to Elizabethtown. 

From CROWN POINT. Take Crown Point Iron Co.'s Railroad to //(/7/i- 
•mondville, 10 miles. Stages leave Hammondville for Paradox Lake, 9 miles, 
jind Schroon Lake, 12 miles. 

From SARATOG.\ via Adirondack Company^s Railroad. Trains leava 
Saratoga 9.35 a.m., 2.40 p.m., for Luzerne, 22 miles ; Riverside, 50 miles ; and 
North Creek, 57 miles. 

Stages leave Riverside from all trains, to Schroon Lake, 1 miles, to southern 
end, then by .steamer to all landings through to head of the lake. Stages and 
private conveyances leave North Creek on arrival of all trains, for Blue 
Mountain Lake, 30 miles. Steamers from Blue Mountain Lake twice daily to 
Raquette Lake, and by carry of \ mile to Forked Lake, 



THE ADIRONDACKS. 

HOTELS IN THE ADIRONDACKS. 



ICliSOKT. 


HOTELS. 


CAP 


POST-OFFICE. 


Au Palilo ' hasm. . . 
JJlue Mountain Lako 


Lake View House 

Bliie Mountain Luke House... 
Blue Mountain House 


200 

300 

60 

500 


Au Sable Chasm, 
Blue Mt. Lake, 


N.t 


riinteaugav Lake . . 


' ■ lid/ph's " 


150'Lyon Mountain, 
50 Cascadeville, 
200 Elizabethtown, 
125 
100 
100 Blue Mt. Lake. 


«' 


]'Mmond s Pond 

J'.lizahf'ilitowu 


Cascade House 

T/ie Wint/.'ior 

Mansion House 


« 




Valley House 


" 


Forked Lake 


Forked lake House 


<t 


Kfeiiu Valley 


Estes House 


35 

25 

85 

30 

25 

35 

130 

100 

50 

80 

20 

60 

50 

50 

275 

200 

160 

100 

50 

150 

35 

50 

40 

40 

100 

50 

40 

40 

.30 

250 

75 

100 

20 

80 

200 

100 

100 

100 

40 

.50 

350 

50 

100 

20 

100 

40 

20 


Keene Valley, 
« 

North Elba, 

Long Lake, 

Merrillsville, 
Luzerne, 

Cascadeville, 

Schroon Lake, 
Hammondsville, 

Plattsburg, 
Bloomingdale, 
Blue Mt. Lake, 

Saranac Lake, 

Bloomingdale, 
Saranac Lake, 
Schroon Lake, 

Adirondack, 
South Schroon, 
Pottersville, 
Schroon River, 
" Paul Smith's,' 
Saranac Lake, 

Westport, 

Wilmington, 


« 


Crawford's 


" 


11 


Taliawus House 


" 


-, 


Maple Grove Mountain House 

Hull's 

Widow Beede's 


u 




Beede House 

Allen House 


u 




Grand View House 


•♦ 




Stevens House 


« 




Nash's 


w 


,, 


Lake Placid House 


" 




Long Lake Hotel 


<i 




Kelfcg's 






Loon Lake House 


•c 


Luzerne 


Wayside 


u 


n 




« 


11 


Cascade House 


cc 


N. Elba, Clear Lake 


Adirondack Lod^e 


u 


U 
Paradox Lake 


Mountain View House 

Paradox Lake House 

Harris House 


t< 

t< 


Plattsburg 


Pyramid Lake House 


l( 


Rainbow Lalce 


Rainbow Lake House 


" 


Raquette Lake 

Saranac Lake 


Raquette Lake House 

"Under the Hemlocks" 

Hatliorne Forest Cottage.... 


tl 
« 




Bartlett's 


« 


it 




« 


n 


Corey's . 


ct 


Schroon Lake 


Schroon Lake House 


« 




Leland House 


ti 


" 


Windsor House 


4t 


<< 


Wells House 


u 


«• 


Taylor House 


t( 


" 


Pottersville Hotel 


" 


Schroon River 

St. Regis Lake 


Root's Hotel . . 


t« 


Tapper Lake.. ..... 


Moody's 


t< 






M 


Westpo''*' 


Allen House 


" 






'» 






« 




Notch House 


" 



N0BTEER2T BEmRlS, 

Alburgh Springs. 

Alburgh, Franklin Co., Vermont, 282 miles from Boston. 

Alburgh is situated in the extreme northern part of Vermont, 16 
miles west of St. Albans, and 7 east of House's Point, on the Centnil 
Vermont Kailroad. It is beautifully located between Lake Champlain 
and Missisquoi Bay, and is surrounded by water on all sides, except 
the northern, where, only a mile and a half from the Springs, the Can- 
ada line — marked by its iron monuments — divides the two countries 

In approaching Alburgh Station, on the Central Vermont Eailroatl, 
from St. Albans, the traveler passes over an admirably constructed 
bridge a mile long, supported by massive piers of "Isle La Motte " 
limestone. A short, ])leasant drive, following the lake shore, con 
ducts to the famous Alburgh Springs House. The cool, refreshin;^ 
breezes that come up from the waters of the lake are mo.st delightful 
during the heat of summer, and the waters of the lake and bay on 
either hand offer allurement to the sportsman. The climate is an anti- 
dote for asthma and catarrhal or hay fever. 

Missisquoi Bay (so named by the Indians, signifying "much water- 
fowl ") is here aboiit two miles wide, and teems with finny tribe j 
throughout its entire length of 30 miles. Pickerel, black bass and i 
muscalonge abound. In the late summer the bay swarms with duckH 
and other water fowl. Missisquoi Kiver, which empties into the bay | 
near by, is stocked with land-locked salmon and other game fish. I 
Good boats and experienced boatmen are to be had at all times. j 

The views from the springs are very charming. To the east, over I 
the placid waters of the Missisquoi, may be seen St. Albans, while iu j 
the background tower Mount Mansfield, Camel's Hump, Jay Peak, | 
and, further north, a long range of mountains in Canada. From a little i 
elevation, of easy access, there is a beautiful view across Lake Cham- 
plain to Rouse's Point and the Adirondack Mountains. The gorgeous 
sunsets seen from this point will never be forgotten. 

There is no question as to the beneficial results of the spring M'ater, 
which, with sulphur and other well-known elements, contains what is 
rare in mineral springs — Lithia. For general debility, rheumatism, 
and various ki ids of cutaneous diseases especially, the warm baths 
and the drinking of the water of the spring are highly beneficial. 
Money could not pay for the benefit to which many can bear testi- 
mony. For a centiTrj' the spring has carried the weight of its own 
evidence as a healing power. J24 



GKAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 

GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA. 

MONTREAL AND CHAMPLAIN DIVISION. 

Mouse's Point lo Montreal — 49 Miles. 

The Montreal and Cham plain Railroad now forms a part of the 
direct line from New York to Montreal via Delaware and Hudson 
Canal Co.'s R. R. and Lake Champlain. It is almost entirely in 
Canada, crossing the line between the United States and the Do- 
minion of Canada about one mile north of the depot at Rouse's 
Point. The railroad runs on the West side of the Richelieu 
River in a northerly direction to St. John's, whence it diverges 
towards the northwest to St. Lambert, on the St. Lawrence 
River, where it joins the main line of the Grand Trunk and 
crosses the St. Lawrence on the wonderful Victoria Bridge. 
ROUSE'S POINT. 
Hotel. — Holland House. 
Champlain, Clinton County, ^N. ^.,352 miles from New York. From 
Montreal, 49. 

The scenery of the north part of the lake is very fine, embracing 
a view of numerous islands and points of lands of much beauty. 
Rouse's Point is a village of about 2,000 population, and contains 
several churches. The village was named in honor of Jacques 
Rouse, a Canadian, who settled here in 1783. The Ogdensburg 
and Lake Champlain Railroad, operated by the Central Vermont 
R, R., runs to Ogdensburg, and the Vermont Central Railroad to 
St. Alban's and the East. The latter railroad crosses the lake on 
a bridge one mile in length. A floating draw of three hundred 
feet, opened and shut by steam, admits the passage of vessels. 
About one mile north of the village, upon the banks of the lake. 
Fort Montgomery is situated. This fort commands the entrance 
to the lake. It was begun soon after the war of 1812, but in 
1818 it was found to be within the limits of Canada, and the 
work was abandoned. It became known as " Fort Blunder," but 
by the Webster Treaty of 1842 it was ceded again to the United 
States. Work upon it was resumed, and the fort completed 
at a cost of about $600,000. Between Rouse's Point and St. 
John's the railroad passes through three small but uninteresting 
villages in the Canadian Territory. 
122 



GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 

LACOLLE. 

St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion- of Canada, 358 
miles from New York. From Montreal, 43. 

STOTTSVILLE. 

St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 362 
miles from New York. Fr m Montreal 39. 

GRAND LIGNE. 
St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 368 
miles from New York. From Montreal 33. 

ST. JOHN'S. 

St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 374 
miles from New York. From Montreal, 27. 
This village contains about 1,000 inhabitants and some manu- 
factories. On the west side of the Kichelieu or Sorrel River, is a 
small military barracks, and on the parade ground near the rail- 
road depot may be seen a large cannon captured by a Canadian 
regiment from the Russians at Sebastopol. St. John's is the ter- 
minus of the Central Vermont Railroad, which crosses the river 
at this place. This stream is the outlet of Lake Chami^lain, and 
falls into the St. Lawrence forty miles below Montreal. It is 
navigable for its whole length, with the exception of certain 
rapids which are passed by means of canals and locks. 

LACADIE AND BROSSEAUS. 
La Prairie Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 381 
m.fr. New York. Fr. Montreal, 20. 
These are small and unimportant villages, the inhabitants of 
which are chiefly farmers, who send the products of their labor to 
the Montreal markets. The former place is on Montreal River. 

ST. LAMBERT. 
St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 385 
m.fr. New York. From Montreal, 6. 
This station is opposite Montreal, and at the eastern end of 
Victoria Bridge. Entering the bridge, little can be seen excejjt 
iron plates and braces, until after a sj^ace of six to ten minutes 
the train emerges from the western end of the bridge and fol- 
lowing a descending grade soon reaches the level of the streets, 
and in a few minutes enters the Montreal Depot. The Victoria 
Bridge is nearly two miles long. It is built on the tubular plan, 
and rests on two abutments and 34 piers. It cost $6,300,000. 

123 



NORTHERN RESORTS. 
MONTREAL. 

Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 391 miles from New York. 

Hotels — Windsor, St. Lawrence Hall, Albion, and Richelieu. 

Population 250,000. 

The chief city of British America stands on Montreal Island, 
at the head of natural navigation on the St. Lawrence River. It 
■was founded in 1640, on the site of an Indian village called 
Hochelaga, which was visited by French Jesuit missionaries in 
15i2, nearly a hundred years before a permanent settlement 
was made. The French held the island until 176(1, when it was 
captured by the British, and has been held by them ever since. 
The Canadian government was formerly established here, but was 
removed to Quebec in 1849, in consequence of a political mob 
which burnt the parliament houses and library. At that time 
Canada was under the royal government, but it is now more in- 
dependent and governs herself, with certain restrictions, under 
the title of The Dominion of Canada. Montreal Island is thirty- 
two miles long and about ten miles broad. Near the city it rises 
into a considerable elevation known as Mount Royal. 

The city is principally built on the level ground between Mt. 
Royal and the river, along which it extends nearly three miles. 
The population of the city is rapidly increasing. On the high 
ground near Mt. Royal are many elegant private residences, and 
a fashionable drive extends around the mountain, bordered by 
gardens and ornamental inclosures, and affording fine views in 
all directions. The principal buildings in Montreal are of gray 
limestone, which is of a delicate neiitral tint, very pleasing to the 
eye. The great number of buildings of this material gives a 
solid look to the streets. Architecturally, many of the build- 
ings are very fine, especially the new church of the Jesuits. 
The cathedral of Notre Dame is of great size, and well worth 
visiting. The view from one of the towers, in which hangs 
" Gros Bourdon," the great bell, is very extensive and interest- 
ing. Admission may be gained to the cathedral and tower ai 
almost all hours. At certain times, interesting services are per- 
formed in the cathedral, at which the nuns of the seminary of 
St. Sulpice assist. The music at these services is very fine. 

108 



IIORTEERN RESORTS. 

There are many other fine buildings, especially in Great St. 
James and Notre Dame streets. It is interesting to visit the 
English Cathedral, Jesuit College, McGill College, Viger Square, 
the Post Office, New Court House, Bank of Montreal, Bank of 
British North America, Molsom's Bank, Merchants' Bank, Bon- 
secours Market, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Mount Royal Cemetery, 
Place D'Armes, Champ de Mars, Bon Parteur Nunnery, and 
many others. The stone quays of Montreal are also interesting. 

The Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence is a splendid piece 
of engineering skill, and shoiild be visited. It is the longest 
bridge in the world, being nearly one and a half miles in length, 
and is built entirely of iron, over 8,000 tons of which were used 
in its construction. The Grand Trunk Hallway crosses the St. 
Lawrence river upon it, and passengers going to or from the 
States pass over it. A i^ass to go upon the bridge may be ob- 
tained at the office of the Grand Trunk Hallway. 

The tour through Lachine Kapids is a delightful excursion 
from the city. By driving to Lachine, about nine miles, and 
taking the steamboat which descends the llapids, the tourist will 
soon find himself in the midst of exciting adventure, as the bold 
craft reels and dashes down the stream and shoots unharmed 
upon the placid waters below. The trip is full of pleasant ex- 
citement, and has a spice of danger about it especially pleasing 
to the Anglo-Saxon temperament. 

The i^rincipal Railway connections at Montreal are with the 
Grand Trunk Railway eastward to Quebec, Portland and the 
Provinces; and westward to Kingston, Toronto, Detroit, Chicago 
and other points. 

The Canadian Pacific Railway runs northerly to Ottawa, the 
capital city of the Dominion, and to points north and west. 

The Central Vermont Railwaj' runs southward to St. Albans, 
Burlington, Rutland, Brattleboro, connecting for the White 
Mountains, Boston and other southern and eastern points. 

The South-Eastern Railway runs south-eastward to Lake 
Memphremagog, St. Johnsbury, White Mountains, connecting 
for Boston, Portland and other eastern towns. 

Steamers run in summer from Montreal to Quebec, Saguenay 
River and points east on the St. Lawrence, and westward through 

109 



J 



NORTHERN RESORTS. 

the Thousand Islands and Lake Ontario, to Kingston, Toronto, 
Oswego, Charlotte and Niagara Falls, connecting with railways for 
the west. Steamers also run up the Ottawa River to Ottawa and 
other northern points. The Allan Line of Ocean Steamars runs 
from Montreal to Europe. For further information and time 
tables consult the offices at Montreal and the time cards. 

HOTELS OF MONTREAL. 

The Windsor Hotel is the most elegant hotel in Canada, and is 
remarkable for the completeness and extent of its modem im- 
provements. It has a fine location on elevated ground near the 
mountain, overlooking the city and the St. Lawrence Eiver, and 
fronts one of the finest streets in Montreal. It has many rooms 
en suite with bath-room attached, and the bridal parlors are 
luxuriantly and elegantly furnished. The dining hall is very 
beautiful, and the cuisine excellent. 

St. Lawrence Hall, situated on St. James street, in the most 
central part of the city, is kept in very good style, at moderate 
prices. It has been patronized by the Government on all public 
occasions, and was the former residence of the United States 
Consul. It is kept more in the style of English hotels than any 
in Montreal, and is managed by Mr. H. Hogan, the Proprietor, 
who provides excellent accommodations at moderate prices. 

The Albion House is a good hotel, on the corner of McGill and 
St. Paul streets, and has been for twenty years a favorite resort 
of the general traveling public of the United States when visiting 
Montreal. It will accommodate nearly 500 guests, and is well 
supplied with modern conveniences, and commands a fine view 
of St. Lawrence River and the Victoria Bridge. Its charges are 
very moderate, but its accommodations are equal to those of its 
higher-priced competitors. 

The Hotel Richelieu is a large first-class hotel on St. Vincent 
Street, extending through the block to Jacques Cartier's Square, 
accommodating about 400 guests. It is kept on both the Amer- 
ican and European plans, and is thus well adapted to tourists 
and travelers who do not wish to be restricted to certain hours 
for meals while visiting the objects of interest in the city and 
yicinity. The prices for board are very reasonable. 

110 



GRAND TRUI7K RAILWAY. 

BELffilL MOUNTAINS, 

St. Hilaire, P. Q., 25 miUs from Montreal by Grand Trunk 

Railway. 

Le Beloeil Mountains are 25 miles from Montreal in a south- 
easterly direction and near the famous "Iroquois River," now 
called the Richelieu. This is a most charming spot to rest and 
recuperate during the vacation months. Among the principal 
points of interest in this locality and within easy driving distance 
of the Iroquois House are the following : Mount Rouge, or Rouge- 
mont, 9 miles ; Fort Chambly, on the Richelieu River, the old- 
est French fort in the Dominion, also De Salaberry's Monument, 
12 miles ; St. Matthias, 8 miles ; Sir William Johnson's, Baronet, 
beautiful estate, 3 miles; Le Chateau de St. Ililaire ; the Manor 
House, the residence of Seigneur Capt. Campbell, the largest coun- 
try seat in the Dominion ; Major de Monterrach's country seat, 9 
miles on the Richelieu; St. Charles, the battlefield during the re- 
bellion of 1837. 

The present site of the "Iroquois House," on the summit of 
St. Hilaire Mountains, was the camping ground of the " Iroquois 
Indians " during their fierce struggle with the French troops at 
the time of the French conquests. War relics and Indian tro- 
phies are still found there. 

Visitors to this section should not fail to take a trip on the far 
famed Richelieu river. It is "the Rhine of Canada," extending 
from Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence river. Steamers to and 
from Montreal twice a week. 

The " Iroquois House," at St. Hilaire Mountain, is the largest 
inland summer resort of the Dominion. It furnishes first-class 
accommodations for about 400 guests and is open from June to 
October. Originally built in 1874 by the Messrs. Campbell, it 
has been enlarged in 1881 and 1883 to its present grand dimen- 
sions. It is under the personal management of Mr. Bruce F. 
Campbell, who is favorably known throughout the Dominion. 
The " Iroquois House" is famous for its excellent table, the clean- 
liness of its rooms and the perfect discipline of its service. The 
house commands a patronage from the most iatluential and 
wealthy class of guests. 



KOBTHERN RESORTS. 

KIVER ST. LAWRENCE, FROM MONTREAL 
TO QUEBEC. 

Our choice of courses to Quebec lies between the railway 
ride of eight hours and the sail down the river by night. We can 
economize time, strength, and money by the sail. We will, there- 
fore, take passage in one of the splendid steamers of the Kiche- 
lieu and Ontario Navigation Company's Mail Line. Either the 
" Montreal " or the "Quebec " makes the passage from Montreal 
to Qaebec every night except Sunday. These steamers are the 
most elegant in Canada, and approach closely in accommodations 
the magnificent floating palaces of the People's Line on the Hud- 
son River, and Fall River Lines from New York. With staterooms 
secured, we are free to move about the boat, dine, watch the 
scenery, or gaze at the stars, until our weariness invites repose, 
and we seek Nature's sweet restorer. Before daylight is gone we 
shall enjoy many miles of delightful river scenery. As we pass 
out from the wharf, the shores of the military island of St. Helen's 
— named from the wife of Champlain, the first Governor of Can- 
ada, and the founder of Quebec— appears. Just below the island 
is the village of Longueuil, a favorite summer resort of the citi- 
zens of Montreal. At the mouth of Richelieu, the outlet of Lake 
Champlain into the St. Lawrence, is 

SOBEL, 

a town with about 5,000 population. It was for many years the 
summer residence of the English Governors of Canada, and here 
Victoria's father once resided. Immediately below Sorel the 
river widens into a lake called Lake St. Peter, about thirty-five 
miles long by ten miles wide. This is shallow, except in a narrow 
channel; and in a storm its waves become very turbulent, and 
engulf the unfortunate rafts exposed to its fury. Half-way to 
Quebec is the port of 

THREE RIVERS, 

at the Confluence of the St. Maurice and the St. Lawrence Rivers, 
ninety miles from Montreal. This town is one of the oldest set- 
tled towns in Canada. It is well laid out, contains many good 

111 



NORTHERN RESORTS. 

buildings, and a population of 9,000. The celebrated St. Maurice 
Forges, near the town, have been in operation more than a centurj'. 

BATISCAN, 
a village of little importance, is the last stopping place before 
reaching Quebec. Seven miles above Quebec we pass the mouth 
of the Chaudiere lliver on the right. The celebrated Chaudiere 
Falls are a short distance up this river, and are annually visited 
by a large number of tourists. The Falls are 125 feet high, the 
river being 400 feet wide, studded with forest-covered islands, 
which make a picturesque and beautiful scene. The banks of the 
St. Lawrence present little variety as we proceed. The villages 
are French, the buildings being small, the better class painted 
white or whitewashed, and having red roofs. As we approach 
Quebec, we first behold the tin-covered spires of the Catholic 
churches. In the river, we see the shipping and the frequent 
rafts lying at rest in the coves, awaiting shipment to dift'erent 
parts of the world. Passing the frowning rock-walls of the cita- 
del, we touch the pier and are speedily ashore and breakfasting. 

112 



TOURISTS AND INVALIDS 

wishing to escape the severity of our Northern Winters, can find no more 
attractive places than the 

BERMUDA ISLANDS 



■AND 



WEST INDIES. 

The Steamship Orinoco, 2,000 ton^, together with the magnificent 
new Steamship Trinidad, 2,160 tons, 1,500 horse power, highest class, 
100 A I at Lloyd's, built expressly for this route in 1885. with unsurpassed 
accommodations for passengers, leaves New York and Bermuda every 
Thursday during the season. 

Steamers for West Indies, St. Kitt's Antigua, Dominica, Martinique, 
St. Lucia, Barbados and Trinidad, leave New York and the Islands every 
17 days. 

For full particulars, time tables, and descriptive pamphlets, apply to 

A. E. OUTERBRIDGE & CO., Agents, 

Arthur Ahern, Sec'y, guebec. 51 Broadway, New York. 



II 



2\0RTHERiY RESORTS. 



QUEBEC. 

Hotel — St. Louis. 
The Gibraltar of America, and the only walled city on the Con? 

inent, is situated at the confluence of the St. Charles and St. 

jawrence Rivers, 400 miles from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 
.80 miles from Montreal. It is the second city in the Dominion, 
and was until recently the capital of United Canada. 

Quebec has about 70,000 inhabitants, chiefly engaged in hand- 
ling and exporting lumber, of which some $(3,000,000 worth a 
year is sent away. It has also a fine export trade in grain, and, 
being the terminus of transatlantic shipping, it is a depot of immi- 
gration. The city is nearly in the form of a triangle, bounded by 
the two rivers and the " Plains of Abraham," and is divided into 
the Upper and Lower Towns — the former being walled, strongly 
fortified, and standing partly on a bluff 350 feet high ; the latter 
being built on the narrow strip of land between the cliffs and the 
river. The suburbs of St. John's and St. Roche's extend along 
the St. Charles to the "Plains of Abraham." The houses are 
mostly built of cut stone, and severely plain. The streets are 
narrow, and often steep, and are said to follow, in many instances, 
the foot-paths of the Indian village once on the same site. 




THE ST. LOUIS HOTEL 

is the prominent and best hotel in the city. It is situated on St 

113 



NORTHBRN BSaOBTS. 

Loou Street, in the upper town, near Durham Terrace, Gorer 
nor's Garden, and manj of the principal points of interest in th« 
city. It is a long established and favorite house, complete ia all 
its arrangements, efficient and liberal in its management, afford 
Ing to its guests all wished -for accommodations. The location i< 
central, near the delightful and fashionable promenades and ter 
races of this g^and old city. The management \b the best, and 
iubstantial plenty and commendable neatness in every depart- 
ment are characteristics of the house. The accommodations ara 
for five hundred guests, and, with the recent enlargements and 
improvements, such as passenger elevator, electric lights and 
bells, new furniture, bath rooms, etc. The most exacting cannot 
fail of satisfaction. Carriages at reasonable rates for the tour of 
the city and surroundings may be had at the hotel, and valuable 
information regarding the attractions within and around the city. 
The Citadel, on Cape Diamond, is one of the most interesting 
objects to visitors. The area within the fortifications is mort 
than forty acres, and the line of fortification around it and th« 
Upper Town is about three miles long. Formerly there were At* 
massive gates to the town, two of which remain. 

The churches, convents, colleges, and public buildings of Que- 
bec will interest strangers. Among the Roman Catholic churchei 
they will wish to see the Cathedral and the adjoining Seminaries, 
fronting on the Upper Town Market Place. This is very large, 
■eating 4,000 persons ; unpretentious outwardly, it is inwardly 
handsomely fitted up. The Cathedral and Seminary Chapel have 
many fine paintings of the old masters well worth inspection. 
These churches and institutions of mercy and learning in Quebec 
have become rare picture galleriea Permission to visit them and 
oatalogues will be given, on apphcation, at proper hours. St 
Patrick's, St. Roch's, St. John's, The Church of Notre Dame de» 
VTictoires, with its pictures by Va.ndyke, are all worth visiting. 
The Hotel Dieu, both hospital aud church, built mostly in th« 
leventeenth century, has fine paintings. It has thirty or tortj 
nuns, and the hospital is free to the sick and infirm of any sect, 
with attendance of the best doctors ia the city. The Gray Nun 
aery near St. John's Church, and the Black Nunnery near Si 
toch's, will interest the stranger. At the Ursuline Convent, a 
cry old building, there are forty nuns, devoted to teaching girk, 



NORTHERN RESORTS. 

and «lao to working in embroidery, painting, etc. The parlor and 
«hapel are open to visitors. In the latter are some good paintings. 
The General Hospital is an extensive pile of buildings founded in 
the seventeenth century, and conducted by forty or fifty nuns ol 
St. Augustine. The Laval University is second to none on this 
continent in its museum of Huron antiquities, its collection of 
Canadian birds, its library, its fine scientific instruments, and iti 
extensive and comprehensive curriculum. It is adjoining the 
•eminary whose chapel, mentioned above, has the celebrated 
paintings of Champlain and others. 

Among the Protestant churches the English Cathedral is the 
largest, accommodating about 4,000 people. It is a handsome 
structure, neatly fitted up. The monument of Jacob Mountain, 
D. D. , first Anglican Bishop, is in the church. King George is said 
to have expressed a doubt, in the presence of Dr. Mountain, as to 
whom to appoint bishop of the new See of Quebec. The Doctor 
replied, " If your majesty had faith, there would be no diflBculty." 
'How so?" said the king. Mountain answered, "If you had 
faith, you would say to this Mountain, ' be thou removed into that 
See,' and it would be done." The witticism won him the appoint- 
aient. There are many other churches and public buildings 
worthy of mention. 

Durham and Dufferin Terraces in the Upper Town, command 
a splendid view of the river and the Lower Town, as well as Point 
Levi and the bold peaks of the Latarentian Range. The Terrace 
is the favorite promenade of the citizens. The monument erected 
to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm in the Public Garden is 
chaste and beautiful in design, 65 feet high, and should be seen 
by strangers. The Place d'Armes and the Esplanade are open 
pieces of ground, beautiful and well worth a visit. We have room 
only to mention the Court-House and City Hall on St. Louis 
Street, the Gaol, St. Ann Street, Upper Town, the Marine Hos 
pital on the river St. Charles, capable of accommodating 400 
patients, the Lunatic Asylum at Beauport, two and a half miles 
from the city, auj the Music HaU. 

Every step in this city seemp to be over a tradition, or a history. 
Ev"ry wall and tower seems ancient. Indeed the seventeenth 
»< ry ifl here largely transformed iuto the nineteenth. Thf 



KORTHERN RESORTS. 



quaint style of vehicles and very many of the customs of the peo- 
ple have come down from the long-ago. Yet here is a city of 
thrifty, busy, contented people. Living is cheap here. Protected 
from enemies by its scowling defiant fortresses and rocks, rich in 
one of the best harbors on the continent, with her piers loaded 
with the commerce of all nations, Quebec enjoys a position among 
the cities of the continent, unique and interesting. 

Many places of interest and many fine drives are in the neigh- 
borhood. Among these we mention Cap Rouge, nine miles from 
Quebec, reached by the Grand Alice. On the drive we pass a 
monument near the toll-gate ; the inscription says, "Here died 
VVolfe victorious." The Plains of Abraham are on the south, and 
the scene of the battle on cither hand. ]\Iany objects of interest 
are along this route, and the whole distance is lined with fine old 
villas of the Canadian aristocracy. Returning from Cap Rouge 




Falls op Montmorenci. 
by another route, the tourist is treated to varied but equally in- 
teresting sights. Indian Lorette. nine miles from Quebec by the 
Little River Road, is an ancient village of the Hurons, in whom 
Indian blood predominates, and who hunt, fish, make bead-work 

116 



NORTHERN RESORTS. 

moooasins, eta , and live a mde bnt religions life. The Lorettt 
Falls are near the village, and a few miles inland are the Beau- 
port and St. Charles Lakes, the latter famed for its red trout and 
remarkable echoes. 

One of the principal drives is to the Falls of Montmorenci, eight 
miles from the city. We cross the St. Charles River — notice in auo 
cession the extensive ship building, the curious market wagoni 
and ponies of the French women, who mostly make the gardens and 
market their products ; the old cottage where Montcalm had his 
headquarters, and near the scene of the first struggle for the pos- 
session of the city ; the neat Canadian cottages on either side 
with their huge chimneys, out-of-door ovens, and steep roofs— 
until we reach the Montmorenci River and the field of the battle 
of Montmorenci. We register at the little hotel, pay the admit- 
tance fee, and by a short path reach the Falls, 250 feet high, and 
50 feet wide. A solid mass of water rolls over the black bluff of 
rocks, is shattered into feathery foam, falls like a gossamer veil 
of beauty into the stream below, and disappears in the St. Law- 
rence. Small streams on each side, parted strands of light, follow 
the Tockf seams in a delightful tangle down the chasm. A sus- 
pension bridge erected over the Falls fell some years ago while & 
laborer and his family were crossing in a rude cart. The towerB 
stand as monuments of the mournful tragedy. The Falls are in 
winter the scene of the rare fun of coasting, known in local 
phrase as "toboggining." The spray from the river forms lofty 
cones, down which gentlemen and ladies slide on their '^tobog- 
gins," or long, thin, narrow pieces of wood. The Isle of Orleans, 
reached by ferry, is a point of interest, and should be visited. 

Below Quebec are many popular resorts. The Saguenay River, 
132 miles below, is a famous river, much frequented by both Ameri- 
cans and Canadians. During the pleasure season, steamers of 
the St. Lawrence Steamboat Navigation Co. leave Quebec every 
day except Sunday and Monday, on the arrival of steamers from 
Montreal These steamers are elegant and comfortable, thoroughly 
furnished and ^..u'efully handled. On the trip, nine miles from 
Quebec, we pass the Island of Orleans, sometimes called Isle of 
Bacchus, from its abundant wild grapes. It is twenty miles long, 
and at ita greatest width six miles wide, very fertile, and dotted 

117 



mORTEERN RESORTS. 

•rlfch villages. Sixty or Beventy miles below we pass the montk 

of St. Anne River and a village of the same name. About twt 
miles from the village are the Falls of St. Anne, and the acenc 
above the cataract is very grand. The natural scenery of the vi- 
cinity is delightful, and the place is frequently visited. Five 
miles below we pass Grosse Isle, the "Quarantine," a spot full 
of the wreck of human hopes. Here in one grave the bodies of 
about 6,000 Irish emigrants lie interred. Ninety miles from 
Quebec the first landing-place is Malbaie or Murray Bay, a favor 
ite watering-place for the better class of French Canadiana. 
The Lome House, with its connected cottages, is a comfortable 
hotel. Steaming across the river, which is twenty miles wide 
with eighteen-feet tides, with seals, porpoises, and whales playing 
in its water, we strike Riviere du Loup on the south shore, and 
the eastern terminus of the Grand Trunk, as it is the western 
terminaa of the Intercolonial Railroad from St. John, ELalifax, 
etc. About six miles pleasant drive from here is 

CACOUNA, 

the Newport of Canada, where thousands of visitors enjoy aea 
bathing in the summer. The temperature of the air is alwaya 
delightfiil here. St. Lawrence Hall accommodates 500 guests in 
large, airy rooms, fitted with every comfort and conveniei ce. 
Every provision is made for indoor and outdoor amusement. 
The house commands from its windows and balconies magnifi jenl 
seaward views ; vessels being distinctly visible at a distance at 
sea. Guests here combine driving, fishing, boating and sea- 
bathing. The hotel omnibuses meet the trains at Gac^ima 
Station, and the steamers at "Riviere du Loup wharf. 

Opposite Riviere du Loup, about two-hours' sail, is Tadousao, 
at the mouth of Saguenay. Here is a fine hotel and sea bathing. 
Many handsome villas have been erected here, including one built 
by His Excellency Earl Dufferln. The place was, from au early 
period, ( \e capital of the French settlements, and of the chief fui- 
trading posts. The ruins of a Jesuit establishment are found her© ; 
bid on this spot the first stone and mortar building erected in 
unerica stood, the home of Father Marquette, the explorer of th« 

1:8 



ifOHTB'EJiN' RESOTITS. 

Mississippi Valley, A cluster of pine trees over 200 years old, in 
the centre of these ruins, marks the spot. 




Cape Eternity, Saguenay River. 

The Saguenay, the largest tributary of the St. Lawrence, is 
Unquestionably one of the most remarkable rivers on this conti- 
nent. Its source is in St. John's Lake, which is fortv miles long 
and lies 150 miles from the St. Lawrence, and nearly due north 
of Quebec. The scenery is wild and romantic in the highest de- 
gree, especially in its upper half, which runs through unbroken 
wilderness, over rapids and falls, so as to be navigable only for 
the Indian canoe. The lower half has wonderful scenery. The 
granite shores, the imposing bluffs — some of them towering high 
in air, and seeming ready at any moment to precipitate their huge 
mass upon you — the smooth-sided rocky promontories, 600 to 900 
feet high, the echoes — all make a picture of awful grandeur that 
no description can reproduce. Ha! Ha! Bay is the limit of steam 
navigation, sixty miles from the St. Lawrence. This Bay is a 
beautiful expanse of water, receding from the river several miles. 
At the head of it is the village of Grand Bay, the usual resort fo* 
those who wish to remain a few days. 

119 



ST, LAWRENCE HALL 



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ifc S^^^^'^^^-ft s^i^^^^li>ry)^--' ■5:LRj[LP!!liMi 



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MONTREAL. 

HENRY HOGAN, - - - Proprietor. 

For the past thirty years this HOTEL familiarly known as the "ST. 
LAWRENCE " has been a household word to all Travelers on the Conti- 
nent of North America, and has been patronized by all the ROYAL and 
NOBLE Personages who have visited the City of Montreal. 

This HOTEL, including the entire block which is admirably situated', 
being in the very heart of the city and contiguous to the General Post 
Office, Public Buildings and other places of Interest and of Business, has 
recently been acquired by Mr. Henry Hogan, the former proprietor, who 
has handsomely and appropriately decorated and renovated the interior, 
and completely refitted the whole of the apartments with new furniture, 
comprising lOO new rooms making the present number of apartments 250^ 
A new and elegant Passenger Elevator has also been added, and the Hall$ 
and Public Rooms are lighted by the Electric and Incandescent Lights, 
making it the most attractively lighted Hotel in the Dominion. 

The HOTEL is managed by Mr. Samuel Montgomery under the im- 
mediate personal supervision of Mr. Hogan, than whom no one is better 
qualified to conduct an hostelry of such magnitude as the ST. LAW- 
RENCE HALL, and than whom no one has gained a better reputation as 
an obliging, generous and considerate host. 1 



Hotel Coaches are in attendance on Arrival of all Trains and Steamers. 
All Baggage Checks should be gi^en to the Porters in Attendance, 



GIBB & CO., 



ESTABLISHED 1775. 




MERgHANT-TAILORg 



-^^UNTID- 



Gentlemen's Haberdashers, 

I 



MONTREAL. 



J. J. MiLLOY, 

TAILOR, 

259 St. James Street, 
MONTREAL. CANADA. 



GENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING 

TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE. 

Ladies' Suits, Coats, Riding Habits, 

ETC., 

PEOM EXCLUSIVE STYLES AND PATTEENS, 

TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE TO 

Accommodate Transient Travel. 



GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 

THE 

GREAT INTERNATIONAL HIGHWAY 

Between every City in Ontario and Quebec and 
all Principal Points across the American Continent. 

THIS aREAT TOURIST LINE 

Reaches all the Famous Samiiier Pleasure Resorts. 

OLD ORCHARD BEACH, PORTLAND. 

WHITE MOUNTAINS. QUEBEC. 

RAPIDS OF THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, 
THOUSAND ISLANDS, 

NIAGARA FALLS, 
LAKES CHAMPLAIN AND GEORGE. 

Also the following Business Centres: 

MONTREAL, PETERBORO, LONDON, 

OTTAWA, HAMILTON, CHATHAM, 

BKOCKVILLE, ST. CATHARINES SARNIA. 

KINGSTON, TORONTO. DETROIT, 

BUFFALO, CHICAGO, ETC. 

PULLMAN PALACE, SLEEPIN& & PARLOR CARS 

Are attached to all express trains and run throagli on quick time. 

An extensive variety of tourists' tickets on hand at all 
principal offices, comprising the most popular and interest- 
ing routes on the Continent. 

Tbrongti Tickets at Lowest Fares on Sale at all Stations and Agencies. 

WK. ESOAB, J. J. SEABa&AlTT, J, HICESOK, 

Gen. Pass. Agent. Traffic Uanager. General Uanaeer. 



HEAD OFFICES, - MOJSlTBEALt CANADA, 



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SENFXA LAKE 

STEAM NAVIGATION CO.,Limitld. 




TOURISTS POPULAR ROUTE 

liKTW EEN 

"WATKIITS GLEIT, 

LOJNGr JPOIP^T (where are located the Long 
Point Hotel and Pavilion), 

GENEVA and NIAG-ARA FALLS. 

SIX TEIPS DAILY DURING THE 

EXCURSION SEASON. 

Close connections at GENEVA -with N. Y. C. & H. R. and L. V. 
R. Rs., at WATKINS with N. C. Ry. 

MEALS ON STEAMERS. FREE TRANSFER OF BAGGAGE. 

W. B. DUNNING, Superintendent, 



PARK CENTRAL HOTEL, 



HARTFORD, CONN, 




Located one block frois Union Depot and facing Capital Park, has beeu 
remodeled and refurnished. Having Steam Elevator, Hot and Cold Water, 
Electric Bells and thoroughly heated by Steam. Dining Koom, Office and 
Billiard Eoom lighted witniilectric Light. 

IfeATES $S.50 PER, »AX. 

Special rates to travellers stopping over Sunday and to permanent 
boarders. Porters in -.ttendance to all trains. Open day and night. 

¥. KETOHUM, Manager and Proprietor. 



1 

BERKSHIRE HILLS, 

MANSION HOUSE, WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS, 

The most delightful summer resort in New England. Rooms large, 
light and airy, with a fine view from them all. Perfect system of drain- 
age renders it one of the healthiest of locations. For terms, address 

A. A. JONES, 

WiLLIAMSTOWN, MaSS. 

ALSO MANAGER OF THE 

HAMILTON, BERMUDA. 

Open from December to May. The finest winter resort in the world; 
climate perfect; situated directly on the harbor and commanding the finest 
view on the island. Four hundred feet of broad piazza. Hot, cold and 
salt water baths. Gas, electric bells, etc., and entirely free from datnp- 
ness. 65 hours from New York by first-class steamers. Pamphlets 
descriptive of the Island sent on application. 

LELAND'S 
OCEAN HOTEL, 

JUNE, JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 
SPECIAL FAMILY RATES. 
200 Rooms at $21. OO Per Week. W^ 

WARREN LEIiAND, Jr. 




isftftiitsfiltP 

flltl.fttffltlgff' 

ttttlilffiifpij 



COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL, 

Cor. Chambers St. and "West Broadway, N- T. 

One of the best hotels in New York for the travelinpr public. Centrally located 
and most economical in prices. 

This Hotel has been recently re-fiUid and is complete in all itn appointments. 

It is centrally located, the principal City Railways pass the door, is five min« 
utcs' walk of the New Jersey Central, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Lackawanna and 
Western. Erie Rail-Roads, all Hudson River Steamboats ; within fifteen minutes' 
ride ot 61 and Central Depot and Central Park by Elevated Railroad. An Otif 
Brothers' Elevator carries guests to every floor, rendering all rooms easy of access. 
The house contains a Barber's Shop with range of Baths, a Railroad Ticket Office 
where Tickets may be obtained at the same prices as at the depots, a Billiard 
Boom, and a News Office for the sale of Daily and Weekly Papers, Periodicals, Etc 

fioomsSO cents, $1.00 per day and upwards. Eooms for two, $1.50 per iij and 
upwards, according to size and location, Family rooms at reduced rates, 

N. So S. J. HUG&INS, Proprietors. 

First-Class RESTAUR ANT, at Popular Prices. 



SIOTEL JSi'Jk.TSlJkJSr'J} 



W!i;j^Ji.^y 



TT^rsp 







NAHANT, MASS. 



/]/EW and COMPLETE in all its APPOINTMENTS. 

Accommodations for 150 Guests. 
HOUSE AND GEOUNDS LIGHTED BY ELECTKIOITY. 



This Hotel is situated at the terminus of the Lynn 
Horse Railroad, on Nahaut Beach, five minutes from the 
depots and twenty-five minutes from Boston. Elegant 
Drives on Hard Beach. Unexcelled Surf Batiiino. 
No Undertow. Perfectly Safe. The ocean nearly sur- 
rounds the house. This renders the temperature always 
cool and delightful. A good Livery is connected with the 
hoiise. 

The proprietors will spare no pains to make their guests 
oomfortable. 

SAMUEL SOULE & SON, Proprietors. 



"THE PAVILION/' 

STATEN ISLAND, 

NEW BRIGHTON, N. Y. 

SO Minates from New York. Boats leave foot of 
"Whitehall every 20 Minutes. 




This hotel has 265 rooms, and offers itself as 
a most desirable place of residence summer or win- 
ter. House thoroughly equipped and appointed for 
a first-class hotel and is superior to many more 
pretentious houses, and is the only first-class house 
on Staten Island. 

Satisfactory rates for the season can now be 
made. Single adults, $12.00 to $18.00 per week. 
Gentleman and Wife, $25.00 to $40.00. Transient, 
$3.50 per day. 

L. RHOADES, Proprietor. 



THE NEW BOOK OF WORSHIP. 



Songs of Christian f raise. 

FOR CHOIR AND CONGREGATION. 
Published with or without Scripture Selections for Responsive Reading. 

KDITED BY REV. CHARLES H. RICHARDS, D.D 

SONGS OF CHRISTIAN PRAISE has already been adopted by many 
shurcbes throughout the country, and has been received with unqualified satisfact.on. 

Testinionials from the I*ress. 

The NeTV York Observer snys: '"It contains everything essential to a 
haniib) >k for general worship and speeial services. While it is attractively publUhed 
it is furnished at a price which is intended to make it popular." 

The Interior, Chic-a^o. Ill : '• Not burdened with lumber, it is yet large enough 
f r all uses; choice enough to satisfy the mo.-^t cultivated taste, and popular enough 
to lead the congrejiat ion." 

Tlie Coii<rrei£atlonallMt, Boston. Mnss.: "It has been compiled -with a dis- 
crimin itin? wisdu'u and taste, and edited with a thoroughness which are tinconimon." 

The Advnilfc says: "One of the choicest, riche.-t, and must usable hymn- 
books [)ublish'^d." 

The <iioldcn Rule, Boston, Mass.: "In its musical part this service-book is 
probably not suriiassi d by any other in the language." 

Til J Ne*V York TiineM: "In its mechanical arrangement the book leaves 
scarcely anything to l>e desired." 

Testimonials from tlie Pulpit. 

Rev.O. Ij. Spinlns:, D.D., Clevpland, Ohio: " It is the best I have ever seen " 

Rev. O. I.. Thompson, D.D., Pastor of Presbyterian Church, Kansas 
City. Mo.: "It is every way an admirable b ok, convenient in size and shape, rich in 
hymns and tunes, and fidly ailapted to all the demands of social and public worship." 

Rev. W. K. Knox, D. D., Pastor First Pre-bjterian Church, Elmira, N. Y.: 
" Your volume of Christian Praise is very attra(;tive. Mi chanically and typographically 
it is the highest stvie of art. The hymns I like for their -devotional character.'' 

Rev. J. E. Rankin, U.D., Washington, D.C.: "The book isagrand on«, 
Cerlaiidy the best of its kind I have ever examined." 

Rev. J. Hall ITIcIlvaine, Providence, R.T.: "After two years u=e, I regard 
' Soii'_rs of Christian Praise ' as bc.\ ond compari.son with any book that I have ever seen." 

Rev. J. ti, Vose, D.D., Providence, R.I., says:" " Our people are unanimous 
in its favor, and enjoy it more and more." 

Hev. T. Itl. .Tloiiroe, of Akron, Ohio, says: "The book grows upon us, "and 
we heartily commend it.'' 

Rev. W. H. Tiiomafi, siys : "Your hymn-book has more than met our ex- 
pectations. It is a work of nieiit, and impmves with use. It gives perfe<-t satisfaction " 

Rev. Frank P. Woodbury, D.D. , Rockford. 111., savs: "Our high 
expectations of the popular acceptance of the book, when, after thorough examination 
an 1 extensive comparison, we ordered 451) copies, have been more than fulfilled ' 

Rev. Namiicl Conn, D.D., St. Paul, Minn., says: "We decided upon 
'Songs of Christia i Praise.' after a thorough comparison with several other books. A 
shorf trial in actual worship has confirmed our favorable opinion of it." 

Rev. Ij. O. KraMtow, D.D., Burlington, Vt., says: " To me iiersonally it is 
exceedingly satisfactory, it gives satisfaction to the church and congregation " 

Rev. Eli Corwin D.D., Racine, Wis., says: " The book is admirable for 
church service, and is the best for that purpose with which I am acquainted." 

Returnable Copies sent free to Pastors or Church Committees desirine 
books for examination. 

A twenty-four page pampMet, cotitaining specimen pages, testimonials, price lists 
etc., mailed tree to any address on appUc thm to 

Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS «Sc CO., 
18 and 20 Asfor Place, New York. 



,,-«««^ 



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THOUSAND ISLAND HOUSE, 

ALEXANDRIA BAY, N. Y. 

On the banks of the St. Lawrence Eiver. First-class in every 
respect, magnificent situation, no malai'ia, no hay fever. Perfect 
drainage, pure water, finest fishing in America. House refitted dur- 
ing the past winter at great expense. Prices to suit the times, 
(Special rates to families. 

B. H. SOUTHGATE, Proprietor, 

CHAS. r, CLEMES, Manager. 



1-3 ^ 




►1 



TAINTOR'S GUIDE-BOOKS 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 
18 & 20 Astor Place, New York. 

These GuideB describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giving 
items of interest to the traveler for business and pleasure, and are 

ILLUSTRATED ^A^TH MAPS AND WOODCUTS. 



PRICE, 25 CEXTS EACH, BY MAIL. 

" City of New York."— Containing descriptions of and direc- 
tions for visiting the Public Buildings, I'laces of Amusement, Library, etc. 
A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, aud a Map of New York, 
Brooklyn, Jersej' City, Hoboken, etc. 

''Hudson Ki%'Cr Route."— New York to West Point, Cats- 
kill Mountains, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Cham- 
plain, Adiroudacks, Montreal and Quebec, via Hudson River Steamers. 

"Saratoga Illustrate*!." — The Visitors' Guide to Saratoga 
Springs, with maps and wood cuts. 

"Sarato;;;*. IVIiueral "Waters."— Directions for their use by 
Dr. \V. O. Stillman, of Saratoga Sjirings, N. Y. 

Sea-Side Resorts.— a Hand-book for Health and Pleasure 

Seekers, for the Atlantic Coast from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. 

"Tiie Northern Reports." — Boston to the White Moutains, 
Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Sheldon, Massena, 
Ogdensburgh, Montreal and Quebec. 

"The Pennsylvania Coal Regions."- New York and 

Philadelphia to Easton, Bethlehem, Delaware Water Gap, Mauch Chunk, 
Scrauton, Harrisburg, Williamsport and Elmira. 

"Tiie Erie Route."— New York to Ithaca, Watkins' Glen,' 
Rochester, Dunkirk, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, via Erie Railway anij 
branches. 

"New York to Saratojja, Buffalo and Niagara 

Falls."— Via Hudson River and New York Central R.R. 

"The Newport and Fall River Route."- New York 
to Boston, via Newport and Fall River. With descriptions of Newport and 
Narragansctt Bay. 

''Conneetieut River Routo." — New York to the White 

Mountains, via N. Y. & N. H. and Connecticut River R.R. 

"New York to Philatlelpliia, Baltimore and 
Washington." 

Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 
18 and 20 Asfor riuce, New York, 



4 



THE N.Y, TRIBUNE 



MAKES A SPECIALTY OF 



SUMMER RESORT NEWS, 

The Paper will be sent to any address for 

75 CENTS A MONTH. 



The Tribune is delivered every Sunday at nearly 
all the Northern Summer Resorts by 

SPECIAL FAST TRAIN, 

Run solely to carry Newspapers. 



THE TRIBUNE LEADS 

all the New York papers in enterprise and interest, and 

DOES NOT DEPEND ON 

SENSATION AND TRASH FOR CIRCULATION. 



75 Cents a Month, or $8.50 a Year. 



TOURISTS' IDEAL ROUTE, j 

NIAGARA TO THE SEA. 

EOME, WATERTOWN & O&DENSBURG R. R. 

Great Highway and Favorite Route for Fashionable Pleasure Travel. 
Only All-Rail Route to Thousand Islands. 

1887. NEW FAST TRAINS, AVOIDING STOPS. 1887. 

WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING CARS. 

NEW YORK AND PAUL SMITH'S, 15 Hours. 

NEW YORK AND CLAYTON, 11 Hours. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON, 9% Hours. 
NIAGARA FALLS AND PORTLAND, MAINE, 24 Hours. 

Via Norwood, Fabyaus, ('rawford Notch, and all White Mountain Resorts. 

WAGNER PALACE DRAWING-ROOM CARS. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON. 

ROCHESTER AND CLAYTON. 

SYRACUSE AND CLAYTON. | 
ALBANY AND CLAYTON. 

UTICA AND CLAYTON. 

Dii'ect and immediate connections are made at Clayton with powerful 
steamers for Alexandria Ray and all Thousand Island Resorts, also with Rich. 
\' Ont. Nav. Co. Steamers for Montreal, Quebec and River Saguenay, passing 
all of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the River St. Lawrence by day- 
light. For tickets, time-tables and fuither information apply to nearest 
ticket ageat or correspond with General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. 



ROUTES AND RATES FOR SUMMER TOURS. 
A beautiful book of 150 pages, profusely illustrated, contains maps, 
cost of tours, list of hotels, and describes over 300 Combination Summer 
Tours via Thousand Islands and Rapids of the St. Lawrence River, Saguenay 
River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Moun- 
tains, to Portland, Kennebunk, Boston, New York and all Mountain, Lake, 
River and Sea Shore Resorts in Canada, New York and New England. It la 
the Destbook given away. Send ten cents postage to General Passenger 
Agent, Oswego, N. Y. , fcr a copy before deciding upon your summer trip. 

THEO. BUTTERFIELD, 
H. M. BRITTON, Gen'l Passenger Agent, 

Gen'l Manager. Oswego, N. Y. 



Saratoga Kissingen Spring 

Natural Mineral Water. 

Unsurpassed as rii aperient, diuretic and alterative. Highly effer- 
vescent, and unexcelled as a Table Watek. 

Very efficacious in its action upon the stomach, liver and kidneys, 
and is a great aid to digestion. 

THE SARATOGA KISSINGEN 

has more fixed gas than any other Natural Mineral Spring Water in 
this country. It is, therefore, the most marketable, as it retains all its 
qualities after bottling, and without regard to climate. 



DIRECTIONS. 



As an Aperient— Drink before breakfast one pint, at a moderate 
temperature. 

As a Diuretic — Take in smaller quantities frequently during the 
day. 

For Indigestion — Take one glassful just before or after meals. 



For sale in cases of four dozen pints, or two dozen quarts, and to 
the trade, for draught purposes, in block-tin-lined barrels. 
All orders should be addressed to 

SARATOGA KISSINGEN COMPANY, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Or, No. 11 West 27th Street, New York City. 

SARATOGA OFFICE, 
No. 3 GRAND UNION BLOCK. 



PEOPLE'S EVENING LINE 

BETWEEN 

NEW YORK AND ALBANY, 




During the Season of Xavii;uti..ii, llit^ Steamers 

DREW or DEAN RICHMOND, 

Capt. S. J. ROE. Capt THOS. POST, 

MILL. LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBANY, 

Daily, Stmdays excepted, at 6 P. M., from Pier 41 (Old No.) 
Nortli Kiver, Foot of Canal Street. 

Connecting with trains for SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAM- 
PLAIN, the ADIKONDACKS and Summer Resorts of the 
I^OllTH, EAST AND WEST. 

Saratoga Office, 369 Broadway. 

L.EAV E ALBANY . 

Every weekday at 8 P. M., or on arrival of trains from NORTH, EAST and WEST, 
connecting at New York with ALL EARLY TRAINS for the SOUTH. Meals on the 
European Plan. 



FOR TICKEXS IN NK'W YORK 

Apply at Company's Office (Pier 41 North River); and at all principal Hotels and 
Ticket Offices in New York, and on board the Steamers. R. R. Office throughout 
the country. 

Tickets sold and baggage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. & H. R R., 
N. Y. & W. S.. D. & H. C. Co., Fitchburg, Cent'l Vt., B. & A., and O. & L. C. Bail- 
roads, etc. 
W. W. EVERETT, J. H. ALLAIRE, M. B. WATERS, 

Presidtnt. Gen'l T. Agent. Gen J'asn Agent. 



WILLARDS HOTEL 




WASHINGTON, D. C. 



This old-established and chosen rendezvous and favorite abiding- 
place of the most famous men and women of America has, under the 
present management, been thoroughly renovated at an expense of 
over $100,000, and is now pronounced as the model Hotel in regard 
to luxurious apartments, cuisine, service and systepi for heat- 
ing and ventilation. 

The ' ' WiLLAED " is located within a stone's-throw of the Execu- 
tive Mansion, Treasury, War, Navy and State Departments, the De- 
partment of Justice, Corcoran Art Gallery, and other numerous points 
of interest, and can justly be called the most convenient Hotel for 
tourists and other travelers in Washington City. 

0. G. STAPLES, Proprietor. 

Formerly of the Thousand Island House. 



DRINK THE GENTTINE 

EXCELSIOR WATER 

OF SARATOGA. 

CURES DYSPEPSIA, HEADACHES, CONSTIPATION, ETC. 

S'llil ou Draught and in Bottles by First-class Druggists and Hotels. 




TRADE MARK. 



The Genuine EXCELSIOR WATER 
is sold on Draught only through the 
Trade Mark. Ask your druggist for it, 
and be sure yon get the " EXCELSIOR" 
drairn through the Trade Mark as ahoiirn 
in the annexed sketch. Avoid Artificial 
J and Recharged IVaters. 



The " Excelsior " Water is unequalled as a cathartic and diuretic, 
and is used with great success in treating diseases of the Liver and 
Kidneys. See below letters from two of our best known medical men. 



From Forriycp Barker, M. D., of New York. 

I make great use of the various mineral waters in my practice, and I regard the 
"Excelsior " Spring Water of Saratopa as the best saline and alkaline laxative of 
this class. .Sparkling with Carhonic Acid G.is. it is to most persons very agreeable 
to the taste, and prompt in action as a gentle Diuretic and Cathartic. 

FOKDYCE BARKER, M. D. 

From Alfred L. Looniifi, M. D., of New York. 

During my whole professional life I have been accustomed to use freely the 
Water of Congress and Empire Springs. About six months since, accidentally, I 
was furnished with a few bottles of the "Excelsior" ^pIing Water, and foiind it so 
much mort' agreeable to the taste and pleasant in its effects than either Congress or 
Empire Water, that I have since used it myself, and recommend it to patients 
requiring a gentle Cathartic and Diuretic. A. L. LOOM IS, M. V. 



THE BOTTLED "EXCELSIOR" WATER 
is unexcelled, and retains all its properties unim- 
paired for years. 



Address FRANK W LAWRENCE, 
Proprietor £xcelsior and Union Springs, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 




DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 

Saratoga Springs, JV, T. 

POPULAR SUMMER RESORT. Open all the year. Receives patients or 
boarders, permanent or transient. Location central, quiet, shady and within three 
minutes' walk of the large hotels, principal springs. Congress Park, and other 
sources of attraction. Fine Lawn Tennis and Croquet Grounds. Desirable rooms, 
extensive piazzas, ample grounds. Table and appointments Fir.st-Class. 
Heated by steam. The bath department is complete and elegant, affording Turk. 
isJi, Hnssian, Roman and Electro-tlieriual BatUs. 

Genial, cultured society and a pleasant home are always found here. It is the 
'©sort of many eminent persons for rpst and recreation Among its patrons and 
references are Rev. Theo. L. Cutler, D D. (Brooklyn); Rev. Chajs. F. Deems, O. D. 
(N.Y.); Rev. R. D. Harpee, D. D. (Philadelphia); liev. C. C. "Chaplain" McCabe 
(Chicago); Rev. Pr. J.no. Potts (Ottawa): Bishops Foss and Haekis; Hon. F. C. 
Sessions (Columbus. O); J. M. Phillips (M. E. Book Concern, N. Y); Jas. 
McCbeeby (N. Y.); Ex-Gov. Wells (Va.): Presidents McCosh (Princeton), Hitch- 
cock (Union Theol. Sem.), Waeebk (Boston Univ.); Judges Reynolds (Brooklyn), 
Drake (Washington), Hand (Penn ), Bliss (Mo.): Med. Profs. Ross (Chicago), Knapp, 
(i<. y.). Ford (Ann Arbor), and many others equally known. 

During the entire year the Institute is made specially attractive to its guests by 
frequent entertainments of varied character. There is no appearance of invalidism. 
The remedial and hotel interests in no way interfere, patients receiving at all times 
every care and attention. The proprietors are " regular " physicians, graduates of 
the Medical Department, University of the City of New York. The Institute is the 
largest and best in Saratoga, and one of the most complete in its appointments in 
the country, and is endorsed and largely patronized by the medical profe8.sion. 
Besides the ordinary remedial agents available in general practice, such special 
appliances are used as Massage, Turkish, Russian, Roman, Electro-thermal, Hydro- 
pathic Baths; Galvanic and Faradic Electricity. Pneumatic Cabinet, Vacuum Treat- 
ment, Movement Cure, Compressed Air, Oxygen and Medicated Inhalations, Health 
Lift, Calisthenics, and the Mineral Waters. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 



SARATOGA 

GEYSER WATER! 



''Applicable to a Greater Number of Persons 
than any other Water at Saratoga." 



FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivalled. It contains 
more Soda and Magnesia combined than any 
other Saratoga water. 

FOR KIDYEY DISEASES it, beyond dispute, 
excels all other \Araters. It contains a much larger 
quantity of Lithia than any of the so-called Lithia 
■waters. 

AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather warm 
before breakfast, it is tnild yet thorough. It is not a 
harsh water. 

BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. 
Ask for SARATOGA Geyser. 

For Sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, cor. 
Broadway and Congress Sts., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

ADDRESS, 

GEYSER SPRING CO., 

Saratoga Springs, N.Y. 



THE INDEPENDENT. 

"One of the alilpst weeklies in existence."- /i?// Mall Gazette, 
London, England. 

"Tlieiiiost inflnciitial religions organ in Ihe Slates."— 77i<f Specta- 
tor, London, England. 

"Clearly stands in llie fore-fmnt as a weekly religious maga- 
zine." — Stmday-Schofll limes. Philadelphia. 

It is a Newspaper, Magazine and Review all in one. It is 
a religious, a literary, an educational, a story, an art, a scientific, 
an agricultural, a financial and a political paper combined. It 
has thirty-two folio pages and twenty-two departments. 

PROMINENT FEATURES ARE: 

Heligions and Theological Articles; 

Social and Political Articles ; 

Articles of Descriplion and Travel; 
Weekly Literary Articles ; 
I Poems and Stories. 

' ' No one who has ever read a copy of THE INDEPENDENT will 
say that it is second to any other weekly journal, 
lu the quantity and quality of its contents; 

Jlj the variety and interest of its ample pages; 

In the volume and character of information it gives; 

I In the diversity and ability of its corps of writers; 

In the purity and vigor of its literary tone; 
lu the candor and clearness of its opinions; or 
In I lie strength and constancy with which it strikes 
for all that is true and noble in family, social, 
national and religious life. 

TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS. 



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Can anyone make a better investment of $2.00 to $3.00 than 
one which will pay 

S2 Dividends During the Year? 

A good way to make the acquaintance of The Independent is to send 
30 cents for a ^'Trtat Trip" of a month. Specimen Copies Free. 

I THE INDEPENDENT, 

P. 0. Box 2787. 251 Broadway, N. Y. 
















\VASHINGS-TOJSr, D. C. 

T. E. ROESSLE, - - Proprietor. 



Immiiiilllllll 





DELAVAN HOUSE, Albany, N. 

T. E. ROESSLE & SON, Proprietors. 




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SHOULD BE IN EVERY HOME. 

1887. " 1887. 

THE CHRISTIAN UNION, 

Tie Best Weetly Family NewsDaper PnWisliel 

GIVES ITS READERS EACH WEEK 

A Larger Amount of Literary Matter than Any 

Other Religious Weekly in the World. 



IT IS NOT: 

A DENOMINATIONAL! journal: devoted to the interests of a party or a sect. 
A CHUKCH Ni£Wts paper: devoted to village gossip and ecclesiastical 

macliiuory 
A THEOLOGICAL paper: devoted to acrimonious debates about abstruse 

doctrines. 
A WEEKLY SCRAP paper: made up of scissoriniJs from other newspapers. 
A DAILY PAPER: reprinted in the form of a weekly. 
A STORY paper: filled up with sensational and sentimental fiction. 

IT IS: 

A NEWS paper: giving a full report of the world's history week by week, and 

iutpri)reting it. 
A CHRISTIAN paper: applying to every practical question — social, political, 

donjistic aud pergonal — the principles taught in the New Testament. 
A PROGRESSIVE paper: teaching about the things of to-day, that its readers 

may bo bitter pr' partd for to-morrow 
A COMPREHENSIVE paper: concerned with everything that concerns the 

well-being of men and women. 
A HOME paper: •edited in a home, and for home reading. 
A HELPFUL paper: aiming in every article to make its readers better, wiser, 

hai>pier. 
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A CLEAN pap''r: allowing no "paid advertisements" in its editorial depart- 
ments, and no dubious iidvertisemenls anywhere. 
An INTERESTING paper: edited on the principle that "|If you can't make a 

paper so attractive that people will be eager to read it, you had better not 

make it at all. " 

EDITORS : 
LYMAN ABBOTT. HAMILTON W. MABIE. 



Three Dollars for One Year. One Dollar for Four Months. 

Send Postal Card for Free Specimen Copy, Addressed 

THE! oPiPiTSTi^^isr xjnsrioisr, 

30 Lafayette Place, New York City. 



i 



WM. H. McCULLY, 

]DESiaNii;R and EISraR^VER, 

318 Broadway, New York. 

Views of Buildings, Machinery; Portraits, Newspaper and Advertis- 
ing Cuts of every description. 
ILLUSTRA'tlONS MADE FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. 
All work done lA the cheapest, neatest and best possible manner. 

TAINTOR'S NEW YORK CITY GUIDE. 

City of New York. — Containing descriptions of and directions 
for visiting the Public Buildings, etc., with numerous illustrations. 
A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, and a map of New York. 
Price 25 cents, by mail. 

Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS <5t CO., 

18 and 20 Aster Place, New York. 

THE DOCTOR 

A UNIQUE PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO PHYSICIANS. 

Published on the ist and i6th of Each Month. 
— BY— 

CHARLES AVERY WELLES, 

No. 20 Astor Place, New York City. 

Single Copies, 10c. Subscription Per Year, $2.00. 

It is the gossip companion of the physician, and can be read with under- 
standing, interest and profit by the doctor's unprofessional friends. 
A series of articles upon the healthfulness of summer 
resorts is now appearing in The Doctor. 



THE UNEXCELLED 




UNQaESTIONABLY UNEOUALIED. DNraSAlLY USED, 

The Four Largest, Finest, Most Novel and Best 
Managed Displays of 

EVEK PKODUCED WEEE THOSE AT 

The Centennial at Newburgh, N. Y , October i8, 1883. 
The Presidential Inauguration at Washington, D. C, March 4, 1885. 

The Bi-Centennial at Albany, N. Y., July 22, 1886, and 

The Unveiling of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty, at the City of 

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THEY ■WEEE MANIJFACTXJEED AHD IXRED BY 

THE UNEXCELLED FIREWORKS CO., 

( IKCOBPORATED _ 1874 . ) 

Largest Manufacturers. Only Importers. Leading and Most 

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FIREWORKS, FLAGS, LANTERNS, BALLOONS and DECORATION GOODS. 

^A^estern House, 519 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 

Send for Illustrated Catalogue — Feee. 



SARATOGA VICHY WATER, 

Most Delicious of Saratoga Waters. 

IT CORRECTS ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, 
ASSISTS DIGESTION AND REGU- 
LATES THE KIDNEYS. 

A FINE TABLE WATER, 

It Mixes Well \vith Syrup, 
Wines or Milk. 

BEWARE OF ARTIFICIAL VICHYSI 

THE SARATOGA VICHY is a Pure. Natural Water; all 

other Vichy drawn from fountains is manufactured. 

Ask your Druggist or Grocer for the Saratoga 

Vichy, or address, 

SARATOGA VICHY SPRING CO., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

1 



THE 



New York Observer. 



The Oldest and Best Family 
Paper in the World. 



IT HAS ALL THE NEWS: 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LETTERS 

LITERARY, BUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL, 

HOUSEHOLD, CHILDREN'S AND 

TEACHERS' DEPARTMENTS. 



Vigorous treatment of current topics ; 
Opinions worth having; 

There is no other paper hke it. 
Send for a sample copy free. 

ADVERTISERS FIND IT A SURE MEDIUM TO 
REACH CUSTOMERS. 



Address NEW YORK OBSERVER, 

NEW YORK. 



C. W. MOU.LTON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. 

QUERIES 

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General Educational Questions of the Day. 

ILLUSTRATED. 
One Dollar Per Annum. Single Copies Ten Cents. 

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ology, United States History and many other miscellaneous subjects. 
Neatly bound in cloth with, stamp on side, 8vo. 
Price One Dollar, post paid. 

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being familiar quotations from ENGL SH AND AMERICAN 

POEIS, from CHAUCER TO THE PRESENT TIME. 

Selected and arranged by C. W. Moulto.n. Editor of " Queries." 

The work consists of eight hundred and twenty-five familiar quotations selected from 

proHiinent English and American Poets. i6mo, cloth, pp. 242. %i.o:>. Three Hundred 

Dollars in Cash Prizes will be awarded by the publishers to the persons who will name 

the author of the greatest number of Prize Selections. Competition open until March 15, 

1888. Nineteen prizes will be declared. Every purchaser of the book is entitled to 

compete. For further particulars obtain a copy of the work. Descriptive circular free. 

C. W. MOULTON & CO., 

PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS. 
BUFFALO, N. Y. 



Also HOTEL. POMEVAM, Milfoid Springy, Jfi H. Post Office antt 
Telegraph address, Amherst Station, X. 11., B. 6i L. R. R., 48 Miles 
from Boston. Open from July to November. 

C. A. GLEASON, Manager. BARNES & DUNKLEE, Proprietors. 




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HOTEL. POMEIVAH— Milfoid Springs, N. II. Post Office aiid Tele, 
graph, address, Amherst Station, N. H., B. <Si Li. R. R. 48 Miles from 
Boston. Open July to November, 

0. A. GLEASON, Manager. BARNES & DUNKLEE, of the Brunswick, Proprietors. 







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-91»X I'"' »>WO ^soj -H 'N 'sSuiJds p-io^IiK — HVNaiflOd ISXOH 



BOSTON 
CONGREGATIONALIST. 

While the " Congregaiionalist" stands as the representative 
of conservative Congregationalism, it is thoroughly awake to the 
dL'mands of the times, and liberal and progressive in all that is 
in the interests of religion, morality, and the public welfare gen- 
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couniry, and is thus able to furnish from week to week a great 
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Twenty-Five Cents per Line, with Discounts. 



W. L. GREENE & CO. 



=1-^3 Catarrh 
cream balm*^^ ^"" 



Cleanses the Head. 



Allays Inflamma. 



tioii. Heals Sores. 



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A Qnick Relief. 




HAY-FEVER 



A Positive Cnre. 

UNEQUALED FOR COLDS IN THE HEAD. 

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THE NEW YORK HOTEL. 

This long-established favorite hotel has been put in com- 
plete ORDER, AND WILL COMPARE FAVORABLY IN ALL RESPECTS WITH 

any first-class hotel in the united states. 

Situated on Broadway, between Washington and Waverley 
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The location is unsurpassed for healthfulness and conven- 
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of the city. 

Conducted oir bv)th American and European plans. Price of 
rooms, with board, three dollars per day ; WITHOUT board, ONB 

DOLLAR AND UPWARD. 

H. CRANSTON, Proprietor. 

CRANSTON'S WEST POINT HOTEL, 

On Hudson— In the Highlands. 

H. CRANSTON, _ - - Proprietor. 

Open from May 1 to November 1. 

" Nature and art have combined to make West Point one of the 
most picturesque and attractive spots on the continent. 

"It does not seem possible for one to inhale the pure air of the 
Highlands, and enjoy the comforts provided by Mr. Cranston, without 
being made sensible of having received in many respects more or le»s 
benefit. 

" The complete appointments of the house, the high moral tone and 
standing of the guests, all serve to make a summer spent at Cranston's 
West Point Hotel one of the most enjoyable ever passed." — Authok 
OF "Hudson Highlands." 




MASSASOIT HOUSE, 

W. H. CHAPIN, SrniNGFiELD, Mass, 

The Msssasoit House, near Railroad Stations, was rstablisheri in 1S43. it has 
been twice enlarged, makin;? it three umc.a its original size, and thoroiiKhly re- 
modeled and refurnished. The large airy Kleepiiig rooms, futnished with hot and 
cold water, are e.vwlled by none in the country. Connecting rooms, en suite, for 
families, elegiintly furnished amt with bath-rooms attached. Special attention 
paid to ventilation and all sanitary improvements. The proprietors are deter- 
mined that the world-wide reputation of the Massasoib shall be maintained in all 
tespecta. 




Perfectly Huie Extracts of CUoicest Fruits, THE BEST. 
Unequaled Strength for all. Theusands of gross sold. Winning 
friends everywhere. DEALERS TREBI-E SALKS WITH THEM. 

These Delicious Flavors are used at many of the Finest Hotels in 
the White Monntains, Saratoga Springs, the Catskills, Seaside 
and Summer Resorts, and in Cit.vand Country, and sold by UealersH 
Krerywhere, Wholesale Agents in large cities. 

LABORATORY (Home Dept.), WESTFIELD, MASS. 



THE CALIGRAPH 



WRITING 
MACHINE. 



IT STANDS AT THE HEAD. 

15,000 CALiIGRAPHS are in daily use, and are becoming immensely popular 
for their Diiiability, Speed, and inanifolding ability. 

We publish ^oo letters from prominent men and firms which are convincing. 
For specimens, etc., address, 

THE AMERICAN WRITING MACHINE CO., 

HARTFORD, CONN. 

JVEW YORK OFFICE, No. 237 BROADWAY. 

THE CRITIC. 

A WEEKLY REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 

Ten Cents a Copy; $3 a Year. 

Bishop Potter Always Reads " The Critic." 
I am glad of this opportunity to express to you my keen sense of 
indebtedness for The Critic. I never read it— and, no matter how much 
driven, I never allow it to go unread— without a fresh conviction of its rare 
worth. It is so thoroughly just, so discriminating, so full of the atmos- 
phere of a courageous, candid and open-minded criticism, that one cannot 
but be proud and glad that so good and helpful a journal is winning its 
way to the wider recognition and esteem which it so abundantly deserves. 

H. C. Potter. 
For one who desires a current report from the active world of letters, 
a knowledge of the best books in every department of Science. Literature 
and Art, careful critiques upon the principal books by specialists in the 
several departments of learning— there is no guide so full, scholarly, and 
satisfactory as The Critic. 

New York City. J. H. Vincent, D. D., Chancellor Chautauqua University. 
"Undeniably the best literary review in the United States." — Boston 
Globe. 

THE CRITIC COMPANY, 743 Broadway, New York. 



67th ANNUAL STATEMENT, December 3fst, 1886. 

/ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY, 

CASH CAPITAL $4,000,000 00 

Heserved for Re-Insurance (Fire) 1,797,495 06 

(Inland) 10,692 15 

" Unpaid Losses (Fire) 206,153 50 

(Inland) 44,844 82 

All other claims 59,432 66 

NET SURPLUS 3,45 0,221 37 

TOTAL ASSETS $97568,839 56 

Cash in Bank $936,516 64 

Cash in hands of Agents 374,380 20 

Real Estate 358,336 70 

Loans on Bond and Mortgage 43,595 00 

Loans on Collaterals 11,180 00 

Stocks and Bonds 7,843,486 00 

Accrued Interest 1,345 02 

TOTAL ASSETS $9;568;839"T6 

LOSSES PAID IN 68 YEARS, $60,180,000. 

Wm. B. Clark, Ass't Sec. .T. Goodnow, Sec. L. J. Hendee, Pres't. 

JAS. A. ALEXANDER, Agt., 68 Wall St., New York. 

/ETNA LIFE INSURANCE CO. 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 

ASSETS, $31,545,930.77 

ui »PrfT« j by Massachusetts and Conn. Standard, 5,349,870.36 
MjKri.L», ^^y jjg^ Y^^jj Standard, 6,800,000.00 

CONSERVATIVE, ECONOMICAL and 
''SOLID AS GRANITE." 

POLICIES NON-FORFEITING AND INCONTESTABLE 

after the death of the insured. 

All desirable plans of Insurance, including some which are new 
and especially advantageous. 

ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS. 

M. G. BULKELEY, President. 

i. C WEBSTEK, Vice-President. J. L. ENGLISH, Secretary. 



CONNECTICUT 

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 



Incorporated 1850 



OF HARTFORD, Conn. 

Charter Perpetual. 




CASH CAPITAL, 
CASH ASSETS, 



$1,000,000.00 
- 2,129,741.94 



Westekn Department : 

A. WILLIAMS, Manager, 

155 La Salle Street, 

CHICAGO, 111. 



PAcrFic Department : 

ROBERT DICKSON, manager. 

WM. MACDONALD, 

ASSISTANT Manager. 

SAN FEANCISCO, Cal. 



SCOTT & TALBOT, Agents, 
45 WiLLLiM St., New York. 

J. D. BROWNE, President, CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary, 

L. W. CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary. 



CONGRESS SPRING, 

The Standard Mineral Water. 

It is a purely Natural Water, CATHAETIC ALTERATIVE, and slightly 
stimulating and tonic in its efifects, without producing the debility that usu- 
ally attends a course of medicine. 

It is used with marked success in affections of the Liver and Kidneys, 
and fur Dyspi-psia, Gout, Constipation and Cutaneous Diseases it is 
unrivaled. 

It is especially beneficial as a general preservative of the tone of the 
stomach biid purity of the blood, and a powerful preventive of Fevers and 
Bilious Compl lints. 

It is of !-pt'cial value to Ladies, as from its great purifying properties it 
has good effect in clearing the skin and giving it a healthy, beautiful ap- 
pearance. In the morning it tones the appetite and promotes digestion. 
The stomacli is cleanseil and purified, the nervous and muscular system iu- 
vigoratccl. and germs of disease thrown off. 

The superior excellence of Congress Water is evidenced in the happy 
proportioti of its several ingredients, which combine to make it so efficient, 
an 1 in the absolute solution in which these pure ingredients are held when 
BOTTLED, making it, without doubt, < ne of the best and safest saline 
cathartic valers ever discovered either in this country or Europe. 

Asa cathartic water its almost entire freedom from iron should recom- 
mend it above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient 
as to seriously impair their usefulness. 

CAUTIONARY SIGNAL. 

All mineral waters strong^ly impregnated with iron, 
when drank with freedom (especially when fasting), while injurious 
to all, are to persons of certain constitution and temperament posi- 
tively dangerous, owing to the powerful action of the iron in 
combination with the carbonic acid gas, which tends to accelerate the 
action of the heart and cause powerful pressure on the 
brain; thereby producing those results that so often fatally 
follow the cause. 

The above caution is necessary, the real amount of iron not 
being fully put forth in the analysis of several mineral spring waters. | 

i8®" For sale (in Bottles only) by all leading Druggists, Grocers, Wine ' 
Merchants and Hotels. Address, 

CONGRESS SPRING CO., 

SAR.A.TOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

I; 



HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT. 



DAY LINE STEAMERS, 

"NEW YORK" AND "ALBANY," 

tieave New York, Vestry St., Pier 39, N. E. (adjoining Jersey City 
Perry), 8.40 a. m., and foot 22d St., N. E., 9 a. m., landing at Yonkers, 
West Point, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Ehinebeck, Catskill and 
Hudson. Eeturning, leave Albany, 8.30 a. m., from foot of Hamilton 
St., arriving in New York at 5.30 p. m. 

CHOICE OF TTTO liOXJTES^ 

TO THE 

RESORTS OF THE CATSKILLS. 

CONNECTIONS. 
BROOKLYN— Annex leaves Fulton Street at 8.00 a. m. Leaves 
Vestry Street Pier on arrival of down boat. 

WEST rOIJVT-With Stages for Cranston's and West Point 

Hotels, and with down boat at 2.50. 
yElFBURGH-Wiih down boat at 2.15. 
RHINE BECK— With Ferry for Rondout, and Ulster & Delaware 

E. E. for Calskill Mountain Resorts, and Wallkill Valley E. E. for 

Lake Mohonk. 
CATSKILL.— WiVn Catskill Mountain E. E. 
ir/r/D.SOJV—With Boston and Albany E. E , for Chatham, Pittsfield, 

North Adams, Lebanon Springs, etc. 

4/yB JiVi^— With through trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay, Geneva, 
Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Watertown, Thousand Islands and 
Western Points. Special trains to and from Saratoga. Through 
tickets sold to all points. 
DINING SALOON ON THE MAIN DECK. 
Meals served on the Enropenn Plan. 
MUSIC THROUGHOUT THE TRIP. 

jm- TEIP TICKETS from New York to West Point or Newburgh 
veturning same day, 



1794. 1887. 

HARTFORD 

Fire Insurance Co. 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 



STATEMENT JANUAHY 1, 1887. 

Cash Capital, - - - $1,250,000 00 

Reserve for Re-Insurance (legal standard), - 1,764,932 23 

Outstanding Claims, - - - 251,027 48 

Polioy Holders' Surplus, - - - 3,039,986 74 

Net Surplus over Capital and All Liabilities, 1,789,98G 74 

Total Assets, $5,055,946 45 

Net. Premiiims received during the year, • $2,350,37159 

Total Income received during the year, - - 2,561,066 97 

Increase in Assets, . . - 310,604 53 

Increase in Net Surplus, - - - 346,627 53 

GEO. L. CHASE, President. 
P. C. ROYCE, Secretary. THOMAS TURNBULL, Ass't Secretary. 



WESTERN DEPARTMENT. 

G. F. BISSELL, - . - - - - General Agent. 

P. P. HEYWOOD, - - - Assistant General Agent. 

CHICAGO, ILL. 



PACIFIC DEPARTMENT. 

BELDEN & COFRON, ..... Managers. 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



BRANCH OFFICE. 
158 BROADWAY, - - - - NEW YORK. 

GEORGE M. COIT, Agent. 




t^fioto^rapfiert 

87 2 BROADWAY, 

Cor. 1 8th Street. NEW YORK. 

Formerly A. Bogardus & Co. 

Mr. Heffer i,nves personal attention to his patrons. 
Special attention given to Photographing Babies and Children. 

INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHY. 
TOBACCO AND CIGARETTES 

ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TOURISTS. 

Fine Smoking Mixtures— Three Kings, Turk- 
ish and Virginia, Perique and Virginia, 
Mellow Mixture, Salmagundi, 
Granulated. 

KIMBALL'S SATIN STRAIGHT CUT CIGARETTES. 

People of refined taste who desire exceptionally fine 

Cigarettes should use only our Straight Cut, 

put up in satin packets and boxes of 

1 Os, 20s, 50s, and 1 OOs. 

W. S. KIMBALL & CO, 

14. FIRST PRIZE MEDALS . Rochester, N. Y. 




THE 



PHCENIX 

Insurance Company, 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 



Cash Capital, - - $2,000,000.00 

Losses Paid Since Organization of Company, 
over ^21,455,004.(6. 



STATEMENT, JANUARY 1. 1887. 

Cash Capita], - - - $2,000,000.00 

Reserve for Unadjusted Losses, - - 203,51)0,30 

Reserve for Re-Insurance, - - - 1,483,992.64 

Net Surplus, . - - - 1,022,345.67 

Total Assets, - - - $4,709,928.61 



H. KELLOGG, President. I A. W. JILLSON, Vice-President. 

D. W. C. SKILTON, Secretary. | G. H. BURDICK, Ass't Secretary. 



WESTERN DEPARTMENT. 

H. M. MAGILL, General Afirent, - - Cincinnati, Ohio. 

THEO. F. SPEAR, Ass't General Ag-ent, - Cincinnati, Ohio. 



PACIFIC DEPARTMENT, 
A. E. MAGILL, General Ag-ent, - - San Francisco, Cal. 



BRANCH OFFICE: 

NEW YORK CITY, 158 BROADWAY, 
GEO. M. COIT, Resident Agent. 



^WifS 



